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Sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic by population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Study objectives No systematic review or meta-analysis has yet been conducted to examine the impact of the pandemic on the prevalence of sleep problems among the general population, health care workers, or patients with COVID-19. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to assess the impact and prevalence of sleep problems among those categories.Methods American Psychological Association PsycINFO, Cochrane, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EBSCOhost, EMBASE, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, ProQuest Medical, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science from November 1, 2019 to July 5, 2020 were used. Additionally, 5 preprints servers (medRxiv.org; preprints.org; psyarxiv.com; arXiv.org; biorxiv.org) were also searched for papers accepted after peer review but not yet published and indexed. There was no language restriction. The random-effect models meta-analysis model was used with the DerSimonian and Laird methodology.Results Forty-four papers, involving a total of 54,231 participants from 13 countries, were judged relevant and contributed to the systematic review and meta-analysis of sleep problems during COVID-19. The global pooled prevalence rate of sleep problems among all populations was 35.7% (95% confidence interval, 29.4-42.4%). Patients with COVID-19 appeared to be the most affected group, with a pooled rate of 74.8% (95% confidence interval, 28.7-95.6%). Health care workers and the general population had comparative rates of sleep problems, with rates of 36.0% (95% confidence interval, 21.1-54.2%) and 32.3% (95% confidence interval, 25.3-40.2%), respectively.Conclusions The prevalence of sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic is high and affects approximately 40% of people from the general and health care populations. Patients with active COVID-19 appeared to have a higher prevalence rates of sleep problems.
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“Moreover, students appear to exhibit worse sleep in the 5 weeks before their exams compared to the rest of the semester [83].”
From A systematic review and meta-analysis of poor sleep, insomnia symptoms and stress in undergraduate students (2022) · cites this paper as [83]
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“PSQI prevalence was also comparable to that in the general population during the outbreak determined using the same tool (Jahrami et al., 2021).”
From Long-term effects of COVID-19 on mental health: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as Jahrami et al., 2021
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“…the pattern of inactive lifestyles among adults, characterized by prolonged sedentary behavior and disturbed sleep, has caused a series of physical problems (e.g., deterioration in physical fitness and weight status) [15, 16] in combination with mental problems (e.g., depression) [17–20].”
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“A meta-analysis of 250 international studies of approximately half a million participants, regarding sleep problems due to the pandemic, revealed that during the COVID-19 pandemic the pooled estimated prevalence of sleep disturbances (including poor sleep quality and insomnia) was 40%, higher than those of our sample…”
BackgroundCognition Before and After COVID-19 Disease in Older Adults: An Exploratory Study
Caselli, R. J., Chen, Y., Chen, K., Bauer, R. J., III, Locke, D. E. C., & Woodruff, B. K. (2022) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-220435 · Cited by 7
“Regarding sleep, in a meta-analysis encompassing 54,231 patients from 13 countries during the first 8 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global pooled prevalence rate of sleep disorders was 35.7%, and the most affected patients were those with active COVID-19 disease [13].”
InfluentialKim, J., Kang, K. W., Kim, K. T., & Cho, Y. W. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.1101711 · Cited by 7
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Arizmendi, B. J., Gress‐Smith, J. L., Krieg, C. H., & Waddell, J. T. (2023) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/21501319221143722 · Cited by 7
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“[21], which showed that patients infected with COVID-19 are most affected by sleep problems and have a higher prevalence of sleep problems.”
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“A recent study has demonstrated effectiveness of an individualised sleep and shiftwork education program in nurses on anxiety and insomnia scores [79] Further, increased focus on diet and physical activity as health behaviours that shiftworkers may have more con-trol over may be beneficial.”
BackgroundAlteration of white matter microstructure in patients with sleep disorders after COVID-19 infection
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“Unrefreshing sleep and aggravated sleep problems had been reported as predominant features of the post-COVID-19 syndrome in studies [21, 65].”
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Sleep Disorders in Patients after COVID-19
Akhmetyanov, M. A., Рейхерт, Л. И., Kicherova, O. A., Veeva, D. M., & Makarova, D. V. (2022) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-022-01290-8 · Cited by 9
“[8] established that sleep disorders during the pandemic were found in 35.”
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“31,32 Our results are also consistent with a nationwide study from Brazil, which reported a 28% rise in sleep duration issues and a significant 32% upswing in sleep quality problems during the COVID-19 pandemic.”
BackgroundResultTesting the reciprocal relationship between depressive symptoms and insomnia
Zhou, R. J., Bailey, B., & Strunk, D. R. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23670 · Cited by 7
Examining the role of micronutrients on improving long COVID sleep‐related symptoms
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“In a systematic review of the prevalence of sleep problems during the pandemic, approximately 74.8% of those with COVID-19 have sleep-related problems (Jahrami et al., 2021).”
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The Pandemic Anxiety Inventory: A validation study
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“…et al. (1996) in Chinese population and also higher than the rate reported in other populations (Beck et al., 2021; Dey et al., 2021; Marelli et al., 2021; Robillard et al., 2021), even higher than anti- pandemic nurses in other countries and locations (Jahrami et al., 2021; Pappa et al., 2020).”
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Mohiuddin, A. K. (2022) · Current Research in Public Health · doi:10.31586/crph.2022.533 · Cited by 6
“Overuse of this class of drugs can cause kidney injury, and their side effects can be 3 to 4 times higher in kidney compromised patients [14].”
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Trastornos del sueño en emergencias y desastres
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“et al.(24) 13 países 2021 Artículos de revisión y metaanálisis de 44 artículos.”
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BackgroundInfluentialRational Use of Medications: Eccentric or Non-existent?
Mohiuddin, A. K. (2022) · Mathews Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · doi:10.30654/mjps.10009 · Cited by 6
“More or less 40% of Covid-19 patients report sleep disturbances–use of Benzodiazepines in Covid-19 patients increases the incidence of delirium, depresses the system in patients with compromised respiratory functions, and contraindicated with some anti-viral medications [15, 16].”
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“7% and that the COVID-19 epidemic affected the sleep quality of approximately 40% of the general population and healthcare practitioners (Jahrami et al., 2021).”
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“…recent meta-analysis of sleep problems during COVID-19 included 44 studies comprising 54,231 participants from 13 countries, indicating that the global pooled prevalence rate of sleep problems is 40% while the pre-pandemic prevalence of sleep disturbance was about 10–25% in adult population [4, 5].”
Coelho, J., Rey, M. F., Labonne, A., Adán, A., Taillard, J., Geoffroy, P. A., Cugy, D., Dakar, A., Philip, P., Poirot, I., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1293045 · Cited by 6
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“Comparable results to those of the present study were noted in Jahrami ’ s work [12].”
ResultInfluentialCovid-19 and changes in sleep health in the Blackfeet Community
John‐Henderson, N. A., Oosterhoff, B. J., Hall, B., Johnson, L. R., Lafromboise, M. E., Malatare, M., Salois, E. M., & Carter, J. R. (2021) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2021.06.041 · Cited by 6
“The declines in sleep quality observed in this investigation in this AI tribal community are consistent with much of the prior work summarized in this review indicating declines in sleep quality in various age groups, racial and ethnic groups, and countries [29].”
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“Research on the current COVID-19 pandemic and other infectious disease epidemics indicated that such public health crises negatively affect sleep quality [3,4].”
BackgroundThe successful rehabilitation of a 75-year-old female with debilitating long COVID: A case report
Hsu, W.-L., Chang, Y.-W., Horng, Y.-S., Hsu, Y.-T., & Wu, P.-S. (2022) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2022.01.016 · Cited by 6
“QoL was quantified with the EuroQOL 5-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) visual analog scale (VAS) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF).(12,18) Rehabilitation program.”
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“It has also been reported that changes induced by the pandemic exacerbated sleep problems, leading to an increase in reports of people with distress of this type, worldwide [46].”
BackgroundSleep and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Kalcina, L. L. (2022) · Mental Health & Human Resilience International Journal · doi:10.23880/mhrij-16000180 · Cited by 6
Poor sleep quality may trigger cognitive deficits after recovery from COVID-19
Carnes, A., Piñol‐Ripoll, G., Ariza, M., Cano, N., Segura, B., Junqué, C., Béjar, J., Barruè, C., Garolera, M., & Nautilus Project Collaborative Group (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1382875 · Cited by 6
“The prevalence of sleep disturbances ranges from 57 to 74.8% (Alimoradi et al., 2021; Jahrami et al., 2021), which makes sleep disturbances one of the most prevalent symptoms in PCC patients.”
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“Additionally, a meta-analysis found that approximately 40% of the general population and healthcare professionals reported sleep disturbances during the pandemic, while an even higher proportion (75%) of patients with COVID-19 suffered from sleep problems [26].”
BackgroundPrevalence of sleep disturbances among emergency response team paramedics working in shift systems
Gonczaryk, A., Sady, N., Motyl, M., Strzelecka, A., Chojnowska-Ćwiąkała, I., Florek-Łuszczki, M., & Chmielewski, J. P. (2023) · Disaster and Emergency Medicine Journal · doi:10.5603/demj.a2023.0009 · Cited by 5
Sleep disturbances and non-cyclical breast pain: where to break the vicious cycle?
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Al‐Ajlouni, Y. A., Park, S. H., Alawa, J., Dodin, B. E., Shamaileh, G., Makarem, N., Keyes, K. M., & Duncan, D. T. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19020776 · Cited by 8
“Similarly, studies investigating the impact of the pandemic on sleep have produced mixed results with some revealing increased prevalence of sleep problems and poor sleep quality [76,78], while others demonstrated improvements in sleep duration and quality [79].”
BackgroundGuo, G., Xu, X., Yin, W. Y., Zhang, K., Hui, J. P. M., Yee, J. H. Y., Heng, B. C. Q., Qin, Y., Yao, F., & Fang, M. (2022) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-022-06817-5 · Cited by 5
“The prevalence of sleep problems during the COVID19 pandemic is approximately 40% of people from the general and health care populations [42].”
BackgroundCovid-19-Stress Associated With Worse Sleep Quality, Particularly With Increasing Age
Lee, K., Sayre, B., Martin, S., James, T., & Duarte, A. (2022) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbac173 · Cited by 5
“Compared to prepandemic, a greater proportion of the population has reported sleep disturbances after the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19; Jahrami et al., 2021).”
BackgroundSenerat, A. M., Pope, Z., Rydell, S. A., Mullan, A. F., Roger, V. L., & Pereira, M. A. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15536-8 · Cited by 5
Chin, W., Huang, Y., Tang, I., Lee, P.-Y., Wang, C.-H., & Chao, K. (2023) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-023-00458-0 · Cited by 5
Rollo, S., Sckrapnick, A., Campbell, J. E., Moore, S. A., Faulkner, G., & Tremblay, M. S. (2023) · Journal of Activity Sedentary and Sleep Behaviors · doi:10.1186/s44167-023-00027-3 · Cited by 8
“Numerous studies have reported that the COVID-19 pandemic and accompanying restrictions have had detrimental effects on individual movement behaviours [24, 30, 34, 53, 54].”
BackgroundCalidad de sueño en Uruguay al inicio de la pandemia
Minetti, P. T., Benedetto, L., Copiz, N., & Peyrou, S. (2023) · Anales de la Facultad de Medicina · doi:10.25184/anfamed2023v10n2a1 · Cited by 5
“Otros meta-análisis obtuvieron resultados similares(44, 48, 49).”
BackgroundNeuropsychiatric Outcomes and Sleep Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: Risk Factors and Mechanisms
Karkala, A., Tzinas, A., Kotoulas, S., Zacharias, A., Sourla, E., & Pataka, A. (2023) · NeuroImmunoModulation · doi:10.1159/000533722 · Cited by 5
“Poor sleep was related to lymphopenia in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, a fi nding that was absent in good sleepers [74] and associated with a slower recovery rate.”
BackgroundInfluentialLiu, F., Liang, W., Li, H., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Ding, L., Zhang, Q., & Chen, L. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1383966 · Cited by 6
Chandra, A., Prakash, P., Sharma, N., & Chandra, A. (2021) · Journal of Sleep Medicine · doi:10.13078/jsm.210012 · Cited by 5
Adapting to a major crisis: Sleep and mental health during two lockdowns
Koppehele‐Gossel, J., Weinmann, L., Klimke, A., Windmann, S., & Voss, U. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13565 · Cited by 5
“A meta- analysis on 44 sleep studies during the pandemic (Jahrami et al., 2021) reports the greatest prevalence of disturbed sleep in COVID- 19 patients with a pooled prevalence of 74.8%, followed by health care professionals (36”
InfluentialCagna, D. R., Donovan, T. E., McKee, J. R., Eichmiller, F. C., Metz, J. E., Albouy, J.-P., Marzola, R., Murphy, K. G., & Troeltzsch, M. (2021) · Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.06.014 · Cited by 6
Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among postgraduate trainees in Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Alrasheedi, J., & Rabbani, U. (2022) · World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.5742/mewfm.2022.9525020 · Cited by 5
Sleep disorders in post-COVID syndrome — a problem of psychiatry or neurology?
Котова, О. В., Medvedev, V. E., Poluektov, M. G., Belyaev, A. A., & Akarachkova, E. S. (2022) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202212205223 · Cited by 5
‘COVID-Somnia’ in healthcare workers during the pandemic
Özçelik, N., Keskin, H. V., Telatar, T. G., Özyurt, S., KARA, B. Y., Gümüş, A., Hocaoğlu, Ç., & Şahin, Ü. (2022) · Hospital Practice · doi:10.1080/21548331.2022.2102777 · Cited by 5
“From insomnia to hypersomnia, restless legs syndrome to night terrors and to the misuse of sleep medications, this phenomenon is being reported not only in people recovering from COVID-19 but also in a far greater number of people whose lives have been turned upside down due to fear and social isolation [5].”
BackgroundRecurrent COVID-19 Waves and Lockdown: Impact on Daily Life and Mental Health of People in Nepal
Poudel, A., Lamichhane, A., Gautam, S., Ghimire, G. D., & Sharma, S. (2023) · Mental Illness · doi:10.1155/2023/1930093 · Cited by 4
Rosales-Leal, J. I., Vaca, C. S., Ryaboshapka, A., Villafranca, F. D. C., & Escudero, M. Á. R. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20032340 · Cited by 5
“The prevalence of sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased from approximately 15% of people before the pandemic to approximately 40% [12].”
BackgroundAdsorption of Covid-19-related drug from contaminated water using activated carbon
Cusioli, L. F., Mantovani, D., Quesada, H. B., Gomes, R. G., & Bergamasco, R. (2022) · Desalination and Water Treatment · doi:10.5004/dwt.2022.28969 · Cited by 5
Stress at Work and Well-being Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Galliker, S., Igic, I., Semmer, N. K., & Elfering, A. (2023) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002995 · Cited by 7
Haddadi, A., Matinnia, N., & Yazdi‐Ravandi, S. (2024) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.2282 · Cited by 5
El-Gamal, F., Bajubair, A. M., Hejji, A. T., Jarwan, A. S., & Salah, J. N. (2022) · World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.5742/mewfm.2022.9525029 · Cited by 5
Liu, L., Zhao, X., Zhang, X., Ren, J., Zeng, S., Dai, Y., Zhang, W., & Zhou, J. (2025) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s518518 · Cited by 4
Berry-Cabán, C. S., Beltran, T., Han, R. H., McKiernan, S. P., & Choi, Y. S. (2023) · Discover Social Science and Health · doi:10.1007/s44155-023-00058-w · Cited by 4
Fung, V. S. C., Chan, J. K. N., Chui, E. M. C., Wong, C. S. M., Chu, R. S. T., So, Y. K., Chan, J. M. T., Chung, A. K. K., Lee, K. C. K., Lo, H. K. Y., et al. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05690-7 · Cited by 4
“Given the increased prevalence of sleep disturbance during pandemic [46] and its negative effect on quality-of-life, presentation of insomnia during pandemic should warrant attention and timely intervention is needed to minimize its adverse mental-health impacts.”
BackgroundChoi, J., Son, G., & Choi, K. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1459300 · Cited by 4
“Extended home confinement caused increased issues with sleep, including poor sleep quality and symptoms of sleep disorders (11, 12).”
Distributed data-privacy preserving federated learning method for sleep stage classification
Li, H., Zhao, X., Liu, H., Wang, Z., Cai, Y., Yang, C., & Cong, F. (2025) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2025.108032 · Cited by 4
Sawdon, O. L., Elder, G. J., Santhi, N., Alfonso‐Miller, P., & Ellis, J. G. (2021) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05888-0 · Cited by 4
“A recent meta-analysis has demonstrated that the global prevalence of sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic is high, where approximately 40% of the general population and healthcare workers are affected by sleep disturbances [17].”
BackgroundAlqifari, S. F., Aldawish, R., Binsaqr, M. A., Khojah, A. A., Alshammari, M. R., Esmail, A. K., & AL‐Rasheedi, M. (2022) · World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.5742/mewfm.2022.9525130 · Cited by 4
Association between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Neuropsychiatric Manifestations
Vidrio, A. L., Nicolini, H., Tovilla‐Zárate, C. A., González‐Castro, T. B., Juárez‐Rojop, I. E., Martínez‐Magaña, J. J., López, N. M., & Mendoza, A. D. G. (2022) · COVID · doi:10.3390/covid2090094 · Cited by 4
“In the general population, studies have revealed a delay in bedtime and waking time, as well as a reduction in the duration and general quality of sleep during the night and an increase in daytime naps [4,33].”
BackgroundKhalaila, R., & Shiovitz‐Ezra, S. (2022) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/jnu.12830 · Cited by 5
Yu, Y.-K., Yao, Z.-Y., Wei, Y.-X., Kou, C., Yao, B., Sun, W., Li, S., Fung, K. P.-L., & Jia, C.-X. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192316334 · Cited by 4
“Possible causes include COVID-19 stressors [34], poor economic status, mental health issues such as anxiety [35,36], and lockdown [25].”
BackgroundSleep Disorders in Post-COVID Syndrome: A Psychiatric or Neurological Problem?
Котова, О. В., Medvedev, V. E., Poluektov, M. G., Belyaev, A. A., & Akarachkova, E. S. (2023) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-023-01385-w · Cited by 4
do Carmo, S. G., Oliveira, J. P. T., Aragão, B. D. A., & Botelho, P. B. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15092148 · Cited by 4
“This assumption was reinforced by a meta-analysis that evaluated data from individuals with COVID-19 in 13 countries and demonstrated a negative effect on sleep [37].”
MethodThe structure of post/long COVID fatigue syndrome. Prospects for correction
Игоревна, К. П., Tanashyan, M. М., Раскуражев, А. А., & Zaslavskaya, K. Y. (2023) · Terapevticheskii arkhiv · doi:10.26442/00403660.2023.05.202224 · Cited by 6
“Данные собирались в том числе с использованием опросника PSQI, который охватывает широкий спектр нарушений, таких как ночные кошмары, храп, прием снотворных (в отличие от, например, афинской шкалы бессонницы) [12].”
Sleep Disorders in Patients with Neurologic Disease
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Gibbons, J. A., Harris, K. D., Friedmann, E. D., Pappalardo, E. A., Rocha, G. R., Traversa, M. J., Nolan, M. J., & Lee, S. A. (2023) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.4144 · Cited by 5
Pre-sleep routines in adult typical sleepers
Koketsu, J., & Pierce, D. (2023) · Journal of Occupational Science · doi:10.1080/14427591.2023.2271485 · Cited by 5
“Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, insu ffi cient sleep was considered a global concern (Chattu et al., 2018) and the pandemic has increased sleep and mental health issues (Jahrami et al., 2021; Kumar & Gupta, 2022; Neculicioiu et al., 2022).”
Peixoto, V. G. D. M. N. P., Facci, L. A., Barbalho, T. C. D. S., Souza, R. N., Duarte, A. M., & de Almondes, K. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1305945 · Cited by 5
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Effects of COVID-19 on Sleep Services Use and Its Recovery
Ramezani, A., Sharafkhaneh, A., BaHammam, A. S., Kuna, S. T., & Razjouyan, J. (2024) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s456214 · Cited by 4
Self-citationValidation of the Korean version of the Sleep Hygiene Practice Scale in a Non-Clinical Population
Kim, D., Yun, J. Y., Lee, H. A., Song, P., Ahn, H., Yang, C., & Kim, J. H. (2024) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2024.2367461 · Cited by 5
“These have led to increased sleep issues and consequential psychiatric problems such as depression (Jahrami et al., 2021; Lemola et al., 2015; Salfi et al., 2023).”
Gabet, S., Levasseur, A., Thierry, B., Wasfi, R., Kestens, Y., Moullec, G., & Simonelli, G. (2024) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2024.05.008 · Cited by 4
“1,12 An important observation from early studies on COVID-19 and sleep health was a potential differential impact across age and gender groups and socioeconomic factors.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Jahrami, H., BaHammam, A. S., Bragazzi, N. L., Saif, Z., Faris, M., & Vitiello, M. V.
- Affiliations
- Ministry of Health (BH)
- King Saud University (SA)
- York University (CA)
- University of Sharjah (AE)
- University of Washington (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 299-313
- ISSN
- 1550-9389 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9397
- PMC
- PMC7853219
- OpenAlex
- W3097605919
- Cited by
- 751
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 180 · 2022: 268 · 2021: 124
- FWCI
- 11.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Keywords
- sleep disorders, COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers, COVID-19 patients, general population
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Humans, Quarantine, Sleep Wake Disorders, Pandemics
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