Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help: Factor Structure and Socio-Demographic Predictors
Open accessAbstract
Attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help (ATSPPH) are complex. Help seeking preferences are influenced by various attitudinal and socio-demographic factors and can often result in unmet needs, treatment gaps, and delays in help-seeking. The aims of the current study were to explore the factor structure of the ATSPPH short form (-SF) scale and determine whether any significant socio-demographic differences exist in terms of help-seeking attitudes. Data were extracted from a population-based survey conducted among Singapore residents aged 18-65 years. Respondents provided socio-demographic information and were administered the ATSPPH-SF. Weighted mean and standard error of the mean were calculated for continuous variables, and frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were performed to establish the validity of the factor structure of the ATSPPH-SF scale. Multivariable linear regressions were conducted to examine predictors of each of the ATSPPH-SF factors. The factor analysis revealed that the ATSPPH-SF formed three distinct dimensions: "Openness to seeking professional help," "Value in seeking professional help," and "Preference to cope on one's own." Multiple linear regression analyses showed that age, ethnicity, marital status, education, and income were significantly associated with the ATSPPH-SF factors. Population subgroups that were less open to or saw less value in seeking psychological help should be targeted via culturally appropriate education campaigns and tailored and supportive interventions.
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Picco et al.'s (2016) study had good internal consistency with composite reliability indices of .88, .88, .86 and an overall composite reliability index of .92.
“Picco et al.'s (2016) study had good internal consistency with a composite reliability index of .88, .88, .86 respectively and an overall composite reliability index of .92.”
From Maladaptive Perfectionism, Disguised Distress, and Help Seeking in the Culture of 'Saving Face': Links to Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Asian Youth (2019) · cites this paper as Picco et al.'s (2016)
The Results paragraph accompanying Table 2 reports composite reliability indices of 0.88, 0.88, and 0.86 for the three dimensions, as claimed. It reports 0.97—not 0.92—for the overall scale. No page number is provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPicco et al.'s (2016) study had good internal consistency with a composite reliability index of .88, .88, .86 respectively.
“Picco et al.'s (2016) study had good internal consistency with a composite reliability index of .88, .88, .86 respectively and an”
From Maladaptive Perfectionism, Disguised Distress, and Help Seeking in the Culture of 'Saving Face': Links to Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Asian Youth (2019) · cites this paper as Picco et al.'s (2016)
Picco et al.'s (2016) factor analyses revealed a 3-factor composite for ATSPPH-SF, which is used in the present study.
“Upon testing these two models, Picco and colleagues' (2016) factor analyses revealed a 3-factor composite, which is used in the present study: Openness to Seeking Professional Help, Value in Seeking Professional Help, and Preference to Cope on One's Own (PCO).”
From Maladaptive Perfectionism, Disguised Distress, and Help Seeking in the Culture of 'Saving Face': Links to Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Asian Youth (2019) · cites this paper as Picco et al.'s (2016)
Some researchers found good internal consistency for a unidimensional measure, a two-factor model, and a three-factor model with two studies using Asian populations in Singapore.
“Some researchers found good internal consistency for a unidimensional measure (Ang et al., 2007), a two-factor model (Elhai et al., 2008), and a threefactor model (Picco et al., 2016) with two studies using Asian populations in Singapore (Ang et al., 2007; Picco et al., 2016).”
From Maladaptive Perfectionism, Disguised Distress, and Help Seeking in the Culture of 'Saving Face': Links to Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Asian Youth (2019) · cites this paper as Picco et al., 2016
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- Authors
- Picco, L., Abdin, E., Chong, S. A., Pang, S., Shafie, S., Chua, B. Y., Vaingankar, J. A., Ong, L. P., Tay, J., & Subramaniam, M.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Mental Health (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Picco, Louisa
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2016-04-25
- Volume
- 7
- Pages
- 547-547
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4842935
- OpenAlex
- W2342407692
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 13.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ministry of Health -Singapore (HSRG/0036/2013)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Keywords
- help-seeking preferences, factor structure, sociodemographic predictors, treatment gap, mental health service utilization, culturally tailored interventions, Singapore residents
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