The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Coffee Consumption and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: In small, short-term studies, acute administration of caffeine decreases insulin sensitivity and impairs glucose tolerance. OBJECTIVE: To examine the long-term relationship between consumption of coffee and other caffeinated beverages and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: The Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals' Follow-up Study. PARTICIPANTS: The authors followed 41 934 men from 1986 to 1998 and 84 276 women from 1980 to 1998. These participants did not have diabetes, cancer, or cardiovascular disease at baseline. MEASUREMENTS: Coffee consumption was assessed every 2 to 4 years through validated questionnaires. RESULTS: The authors documented 1333 new cases of type 2 diabetes in men and 4085 new cases in women. The authors found an inverse association between coffee intake and type 2 diabetes after adjustment for age, body mass index, and other risk factors. The multivariate relative risks for diabetes according to regular coffee consumption categories (0, <1, 1 to 3, 4 to 5, or > or =6 cups per day) in men were 1.00, 0.98, 0.93, 0.71, and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.26 to 0.82; P = 0.007 for trend), respectively. The corresponding multivariate relative risks in women were 1.00, 1.16, 0.99, 0.70, and 0.71 (CI, 0.56 to 0.89; P < 0.001 for trend), respectively. For decaffeinated coffee, the multivariate relative risks comparing persons who drank 4 cups or more per day with nondrinkers were 0.74 (CI, 0.48 to 1.12) for men and 0.85 (CI, 0.61 to 1.17) for women. Total caffeine intake from coffee and other sources was associated with a statistically significantly lower risk for diabetes in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that long-term coffee consumption is associated with a statistically significantly lower risk for type 2 diabetes.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Salazar-Martinez et al. (12) reported that the consumption of $6 cups of coffee per day decreased the relative risk of developing type 2 diabetes in both men and women by 54 and 29%, respectively.”
From The Glucose Intolerance Induced by Caffeinated Coffee Ingestion Is Less Pronounced than That Due to Alkaloid Caffeine in Men (2006) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“In addition, a similar, albeit less pronounced, relation was observed when data were analyzed on the basis of caffeine ingestion, suggesting that the reduction in risk observed with coffee intake is not simply due to the consumption of caffeine, and that other components of coffee must contribute to the reduction in risk (12).”
From The Glucose Intolerance Induced by Caffeinated Coffee Ingestion Is Less Pronounced than That Due to Alkaloid Caffeine in Men (2006) · cites this paper as [12]
Citations
Cites
Cox, D. R., & Oakes, D. (2018) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315137438 · Cited by 6,269
Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance.
National Diabetes Data Group (1979) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.28.12.1039 · Cited by 4,909
Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women.
Hu, F. B., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G., Liu, S., Solomon, C. G., & Willett, W. C. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa010492 · Cited by 2,901
Self-citationHarris, M. I., Flegal, K. M., Cowie, C. C., Eberhardt, M. S., Goldstein, D. E., Little, R. R., Wiedmeyer, H.-M., & Byrd-Holt, D. D. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.4.518 · Cited by 2,703
Dietary Fiber, Glycemic Load, and Risk of Non—insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Women
Salmerón, J. (1997) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540300040031 · Cited by 1,804
Dietary Fat Intake and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women
Hu, F. B., Stampfer, M. J., Manson, J. E., Rimm, E. B., Colditz, G. A., ROSNER, B. A., Hennekens, C. H., & Willett, W. C. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199711203372102 · Cited by 1,774
Self-citationImpact of Overweight on the Risk of Developing Common Chronic Diseases During a 10-Year Period
Field, A. E., Coakley, E. H., Must, A., Spadano, J. L., Laird, N., Dietz, W. H., Rimm, E., & Colditz, G. A. (2001) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.161.13.1581 · Cited by 1,694
Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and incident type 2 diabetes in older women
Meyer, K. A., Kushi, L. H., Jacobs, D. R., Slavin, J., Sellers, T. A., & Folsom, A. R. (2000) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.4.921 · Cited by 1,271
Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women.
Hu, F., Manson, J., Stampfer, M., Colditz, G. A., Liu, S.-M., Solomon, C., & Willett, W. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006254-200203000-00018 · Cited by 1,151
Self-citationSalvini, S., Hunter, D. J., SAMPSON, L., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., ROSNER, B. A., & Willett, W. C. (1989) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/18.4.858 · Cited by 1,038
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Bracco D, 1995, Am J Physiol, 269, 671
- Astrup A, 1992, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 16, 269
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Schulze, M. B. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.292.8.927 · Cited by 1,639
Coffee and Health: A Review of Recent Human Research
Higdon, J. V., & Frei, B. (2006) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408390500400009 · Cited by 1,090
Coffee Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
van Dam, R. M., & Hu, F. B. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.1.97 · Cited by 662
Self-citationChlorogenic Acids from Green Coffee Extract Are Highly Bioavailable in Humans
Farah, A., Monteiro, M., Donangelo, C. M., & Lafay, S. (2008) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.108.095554 · Cited by 578
Ding, M., Bhupathiraju, S. N., Chen, M., van Dam, R. M., & Hu, F. B. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-1203 · Cited by 511
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Salazar-Martinez, E., Willett, W. C., Ascherio, A., Manson, J. E., Leitzmann, M. F., Stampfer, M. J., & Hu, F. B.
- Affiliations
- From Harvard School of Public Health, Channing Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Mexican Institute of Social Security, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annals of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American College of Physicians
- Published
- 2004-01-06
- Volume
- 140
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-8
- ISSN
- 0003-4819 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-3704
- OpenAlex
- W2084085461
- Cited by
- 462
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 26.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nrs.harvard.edu
- Locations
- Annals of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA-11181, R01AA011181)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL035464, HL35464)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-87969, CA-55075, P01CA087969)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK058845, DK58845)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- coffee consumption, type 2 diabetes, caffeine consumption, decaffeinated coffee, caffeinated beverages, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, diabetes risk, Nurses' Health Study, Health Professionals Follow-up Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Caffeine, Coffee, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Smoking, United States, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Incidence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
