Caffeinated and Decaffeinated Coffee Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and a Dose-Response Meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Previous meta-analyses identified an inverse association of coffee consumption with the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, an updated meta-analysis is needed because new studies comparing the trends of association for caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee have since been published. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: PubMed and Embase were searched for cohort or nested case-control studies that assessed the relationship of coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes from 1966 to February 2013. A restricted cubic spline random-effects model was used. RESULTS: Twenty-eight prospective studies were included in the analysis, with 1,109,272 study participants and 45,335 cases of type 2 diabetes. The follow-up duration ranged from 10 months to 20 years. Compared with no or rare coffee consumption, the relative risk (RR; 95% CI) for diabetes was 0.92 (0.90–0.94), 0.85 (0.82–0.88), 0.79 (0.75–0.83), 0.75 (0.71–0.80), 0.71 (0.65–0.76), and 0.67 (0.61–0.74) for 1–6 cups/day, respectively. The RR of diabetes for a 1 cup/day increase was 0.91 (0.89–0.94) for caffeinated coffee consumption and 0.94 (0.91–0.98) for decaffeinated coffee consumption (P for difference = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS: Coffee consumption was inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in a dose-response manner. Both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee was associated with reduced diabetes risk.
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Both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee associate with lower onset of diabetes in a dose-dependent fashion.
“Both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee associate with lower onset of diabetes in a dose-dependent fashion (Figure 6).269”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [269]
Coffee intake associates with lower risk of CHD and stroke in a nonlinear fashion: compared with no intake, lowest risk is seen at 3-4 cups/day, with increasing risk at higher intakes.
“Coffee intake also associates with lower risk of CHD and stroke but in a nonlinear fashion: compared with no intake, lowest risk is seen at 3-4 cups/day, with increasing risk at higher intakes.270”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [270]
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“0129 be inversely associated with the risk of T2DM in a dose-response manner.(156) The mechanism of action is thought to be largely mediated by an ester of caffeic acid named chlorogenic acid, which improves glucose metabolism by inhibiting gut absorption of glucose and hepatic gluconeogenesis.”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Ding, M., Bhupathiraju, S. N., Chen, M., van Dam, R. M., & Hu, F. B.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, Frank B.
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2014-01-11
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 569-586
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC3898757
- OpenAlex
- W2100404723
- Cited by
- 511
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 6.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK058845, DK58845)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- coffee consumption, type 2 diabetes, caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, dose-response relationship
- MeSH terms
- Caffeine, Coffee, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors
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