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Maintenance of age in human neurons generated by microRNA-based neuronal conversion of fibroblasts
Open accessAbstract
Aging is a major risk factor in many forms of late-onset neurodegenerative disorders. The ability to recapitulate age-related characteristics of human neurons in culture will offer unprecedented opportunities to study the biological processes underlying neuronal aging. Here, we show that using a recently demonstrated microRNA-based cellular reprogramming approach, human fibroblasts from postnatal to near centenarian donors can be efficiently converted into neurons that maintain multiple age-associated signatures. Application of an epigenetic biomarker of aging (referred to as epigenetic clock) to DNA methylation data revealed that the epigenetic ages of fibroblasts were highly correlated with corresponding age estimates of reprogrammed neurons. Transcriptome and microRNA profiles reveal genes differentially expressed between young and old neurons. Further analyses of oxidative stress, DNA damage and telomere length exhibit the retention of age-associated cellular properties in converted neurons from corresponding fibroblasts. Our results collectively demonstrate the maintenance of age after neuronal conversion.
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“emphasizing the necessity of partial de-differentiation for rejuvenation (Box 1) to occur [22][23][24][25] .”
From Mechanisms, pathways and strategies for rejuvenation through epigenetic reprogramming (2023) · cites this paper as [23]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Direct cellular reprogramming retains age-related signatures stored in pre-reprogrammed non-neural somatic cells such as fibroblasts, including the epigenetic age, telomere length, and gene expression changes (22, 23).”
From Modeling late-onset Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology via direct neuronal reprogramming (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
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“Conversely, other works have shown that aging-associated DNA methylation patterns and biomarkers persisted when cells were transdifferentiated (Box 1) to different cell types, emphasizing the necessity of partial de-differentiation for rejuvenation (Box 1) to occur [22][23][24][25] .”
From Mechanisms, pathways and strategies for rejuvenation through epigenetic reprogramming (2023) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Fibroblast-derived iNs preserve substantial signatures of human aging, including transcriptomic, nuclear pore, mitochondrial, epigenetic, and other aspects of aging (Herdy et al., 2019; Huh et al., 2016; Kim et al., 2018; Mertens et al., 2015a; Traxler et al., 2019).”
From Age-dependent instability of mature neuronal fate in induced neurons from Alzheimer’s patients (2021) · cites this paper as Huh et al., 2016
In the citing paper
“Clearly, iN DNAm ages reflect the adult and old chronological ages of their donors, whereas pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives reflect pre-natal DNAm ages (Figure 7H; Huh et al., 2016; Kim et al., 2014; Lo Sardo et al., 2017).”
From Age-dependent instability of mature neuronal fate in induced neurons from Alzheimer’s patients (2021) · cites this paper as Huh et al., 2016
In the citing paper
“Clearly, iN DNAm ages reflect the adult and old chronological ages of their donors, whereas pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives reflect pre-natal DNAm ages (Figure 7H; Huh et al., 2016; Kim et al., 2014; Lo Sardo et al., 2017).”
From Age-dependent instability of mature neuronal fate in induced neurons from Alzheimer’s patients (2021) · cites this paper as Huh et al., 2016
In the citing paper
“AD iNs did not display signs of accelerated epigenetic aging over control iNs (Figures 7I and 7J; Figure S6; Horvath, 2013; Huh et al., 2016).”
From Age-dependent instability of mature neuronal fate in induced neurons from Alzheimer’s patients (2021) · cites this paper as Huh et al., 2016
In the citing paper
“Cellular aging features (Huh et al., 2016; Mertens et al., 2015a, 2018; Tang et al., 2017; Victor et al., 2014) and adult-like neuronal identity of iNs (Luo et al., 2019) are likely critical for the emergence of such phenotypes in sporadic AD neurons, because erasure of aging signatures and re-gaining of fetal identity represents a potent rescue in this study (Miller et al., 2013; Ocampo et al., 2”
From Age-dependent instability of mature neuronal fate in induced neurons from Alzheimer’s patients (2021) · cites this paper as Huh et al., 2016
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Citations
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BackgroundMicroRNAs: small RNAs with a big role in gene regulation
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BackgroundDNA methylation age of blood predicts all-cause mortality in later life
Marioni, R. E., Shah, S., McRae, A. F., Chen, B. H., Colicino, E., Harris, S. E., Gibson, J., Henders, A. K., Redmond, P., Cox, S. R., et al. (2015) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0584-6 · Cited by 1,261
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Items 101–200 of 212
Kraskovskaya, N., Bolshakova, A. V., Георгиевич, Х. М., Борисович, Б. И., & Mikhailova, N. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24076799 · Cited by 13
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BackgroundMethodDynamic neuro-immune regulation of psychiatric risk loci in human neurons
Townsley, K. G., Lee, S. H., Williams, S., Cartwright, S., Cohen, S., Sen, A., Jia, M., Young, H. E., Dobbyn, L., Deans, M., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-77114-x · Cited by 14
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Fell, C. W., & Nagy, V. (2021) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2020.12.003 · Cited by 14
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“The number of population doublings (PDs) was calculated using the following formula: PD = log2 (cells harvested/ cells seeded) + previous PD (Huh et al., 2016; Kitajima et al., 2011).”
MethodMechanisms of cellular rejuvenation
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Toward Generating Subtype-Specific Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neurons in vitro
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“The great advantage of this methodology is that converted neurons have been shown to retain aging signatures when compared to neurons obtained via the intermediate pluripotent stage (Mertens et al., 2015; Huh et al., 2016; Tang et al., 2017).”
ResultCurrent Development of iPSC-Based Modeling in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Guo, X., Wang, X., Wang, J., Ma, M., & Ren, Q. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26083774 · Cited by 15
“In addition to protocols that recapitulate developmental differentiation processes in vitro, functional induced neurons (iNs) can also be obtained through direct conversion methods from iPSCs, or even directly from somatic cells [64–74].”
McInvale, J. J., Canoll, P., & Hargus, G. (2024) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.13231 · Cited by 11
“These protocols generate cells which retain epigenetic signatures similar to those of donor somatic cells [208].”
BackgroundDirect fibroblast reprogramming: an emerging strategy for treating organic fibrosis
Lin, H., Wang, X., Chung, M., Cai, S., & Pan, Y. (2025) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-024-06060-3 · Cited by 13
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Cell Reprogramming Preserving Epigenetic Age: Advantages and Limitations
Samoylova, E. M., & Baklaushev, V. P. (2020) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297920090047 · Cited by 12
Epigenetic regulation of neural lineage elaboration: Implications for therapeutic reprogramming
Stricker, S. H., & Götz, M. (2020) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105174 · Cited by 10
“…the molecular correlate of cellular age, a DNA methylation signature (Horvath 2013), is readily reset in iPSCs (Bell et al. 2019), but not in induced neurons (Huh et al. 2016; Mertens et al. 2015), demonstrating the limitations in resetting epi-genomic marks in direct somatic reprogramming.”
Ng, N. S., Newbery, M., Maksour, S., Dottori, M., Sluyter, R., & Ooi, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.858432 · Cited by 11
Amorós, M. A., Choi, E. S., Cofré, A. H. R., Dokholyan, N. V., & Duzzioni, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.962881 · Cited by 13
“profile, and DNA-methylation status (Huh et al., 2016).”
Cates, K., Yuan, L., Yang, Y., & Yoo, A. S. J. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115153 · Cited by 11
“15 Direct neuronal conversion using human cells offers advantages for the study of human-specific neurological diseases, 2,3,8,16–19 which requires the high-efficiency conversion of adult human somatic cells into neurons.”
Pohane, M. R., Dafre, R., & Sontakke, N. G. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.46135 · Cited by 11
“As a result, transferrin receptor mRNA becomes more stable, and ferritin mRNA translation is hindered [14].”
BackgroundLiu, M., Ma, S., Tai, W., Zhong, X., Ni, H., Zou, Y., Wang, J., & Zhang, C. (2024) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-023-06395-7 · Cited by 10
Luo, C., & Yang, J. (2024) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.14285 · Cited by 9
“…retaining age-related biological changes such as increased ROS, accumulated DNA damage, shortened telomeres, increased DNA- methylation-based “epigenetic age,” age-dependent transcriptomic signatures and microRNA profiles from the donors' skin fibroblasts (Huh et al., 2016; Mertens et al., 2015).”
BackgroundCellular Models: HD Patient-Derived Pluripotent Stem Cells
Smith-Geater, C., Hernandez, S. J., Thompson, L. M., & Mattis, V. B. (2018) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7825-0_4 · Cited by 10
A quantitative model of cellular decision making in direct neuronal reprogramming
Merlevede, A., Legault, E. M., Drugge, V., Barker, R. A., Drouin‐Ouellet, J., & Olariu, V. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81089-8 · Cited by 10
Opportunities and Challenges in Stem Cell Aging
Larijani, B. A., Heravani, N. F., Alaei, S., Rezaei–Tavirani, M., Alavi-Moghadam, S., Payab, M., Goodarzi, P., Tayanloo-Beik, A., Aghayan, H. R., & Arjmand, B. (2021) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/5584_2021_624 · Cited by 10
Interpreting Gene Expression Effects of Disease-Associated Variants: A Lesson from SNCA rs356168
Glenn, O.-C., Tagliafierro, L., Beach, T. G., Woltjer, R. L., & Chiba‐Falek, O. (2017) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2017.00133 · Cited by 10
“…as expression of progerin in iPSC-derived neurons (Miller et al., 2013), and direct conversion into induced Neurons (iNs) (Mertens et al., 2015; Huh et al., 2016), have been established to differentiate neurons that retain aging-related signatures including epigenetic state and transcriptomic…”
BackgroundHuman iPSCs from Aged Donors Retain Their Mitochondrial Aging Signature
Lejri, I., Cader, M. Z., Grimm, A., & Eckert, A. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252011199 · Cited by 9
“Especially, the process of inducing pluripotency appears to reset age-related gene expression [14,38].”
BackgroundSierra-Delgado, J. A., Ray, S. S., Kaleem, A., Ganjibakhsh, M., Parvate, M., Powers, S., Zhang, X., Likhite, S. B., & Meyer, K. (2023) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology12060867 · Cited by 9
Hierarchy and control of ageing-related methylation networks
Palla, G., Pollner, P., Börcsök, J., Major, A., Molnar, B. A., & Csabai, I. (2021) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009327 · Cited by 11
“DNA methylation-related markers are also important in endocrinology [8], cell biology [9], biodemography [10], lifestyle factors [11], and medicine [12].”
BackgroundIn vitro human cell culture models in a bench‐to‐bedside approach to epilepsy
Danačíková, Š., Straka, B., Daněk, J., Kořínek, V., & Otáhal, J. (2024) · Epilepsia Open · doi:10.1002/epi4.12941 · Cited by 7
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“The iN method also permits neuron-induction while retaining age-related epigenetic signatures [14].”
MethodVarghese, N., Szabo, L., Cader, M. Z., Lejri, I., Grimm, A., & Eckert, A. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-08152-2 · Cited by 17
“Moreover, previous research suggests that inducing pluripotency resets age-related gene expression, while direct conversion retains aging-associated donor signatures 12,22 .”
Oh, Y. M., & Lee, S. W. (2024) · Molecules and Cells · doi:10.1016/j.mocell.2024.100046 · Cited by 7
“…rejuvenation observed in induced pluripotent stem cells (Horvath, 2013; Miller and Grant, 2013), neurons directly converted using this method retain the age-associated transcriptomic, miRNA, and epigenetic characteristics of their fibroblast donors (Huh et al., 2016; Mertens et al., 2015, 2016).”
Bcl-2-Assisted Reprogramming of Mouse Astrocytes and Human Fibroblasts into Induced Neurons
Falco, A., Bartolomé-Cabrero, R., & Gascón, S. (2021) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1601-7_5 · Cited by 7
Álvarez-Córdoba, M., Talaverón-Rey, M., Povea-Cabello, S., Cilleros-Holgado, P., Gómez-Fernández, D., Piñero-Pérez, R., Reche-López, D., Munuera-Cabeza, M., Suárez-Carrillo, A., Romero-González, A., et al. (2023) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph16101359 · Cited by 6
“Furthermore, iNs unlike iPSCs, maintain the ageing [108] and epigenetic marks of the donor [109,110], making them attractive models for the investigation of neuronal pathophysiology in age-associated disorders.”
BackgroundEpigenome erosion in Alzheimer’s disease brain cells and induced neuronsPreprint
Wang, B.-A., Jones, J. R., Zhou, J., Tian, W., Wu, Y., Wang, W., Berube, P., Bartlett, A., Castanon, R., Nery, J. R., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.10.15.562394 · Cited by 8
Next-generation direct reprogramming
Keshri, R., Detraux, D., Phal, A., McCurdy, C., Jhajharia, S., Chan, T. C., Mathieu, J., & Ruohola‐Baker, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2024.1343106 · Cited by 7
Huang, K.-C., Gomes, C., & Meyer, J. S. (2023) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2023_642 · Cited by 6
Insights and applications of direct neuronal reprogramming
Schaukowitch, K., Janas, J. A., & Wernig, M. (2023) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2023.102128 · Cited by 8
Kollstrøm, A. M., Christiansen, N., Sandvig, A., & Sandvig, I. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00725.2024 · Cited by 7
Functional genomics, genetic risk profiling and cell phenotypes in neurodegenerative disease
Finkbeiner, S. M. (2020) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105088 · Cited by 8
Disease Modeling of Neurodegenerative Disorders Using Direct Neural Reprogramming
Legault, E. M., Bouquety, J., & Drouin‐Ouellet, J. (2022) · Cellular Reprogramming · doi:10.1089/cell.2021.0172 · Cited by 7
“…in the transcriptome, epigenetic modifi-cations, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, DNA damage, and mitochondrial function (Bo¨hnke et al., 2018; Huh et al., 2016; Kim et al., 2018; Mertens et al., 2015, 2018; Tang et al., 2017), providing a system in which to study the pathophenotypes…”
Povea-Cabello, S., Paz, M. V., Villalón-García, I., Talaverón-Rey, M., Álvarez-Córdoba, M., Suarez-Rivero, J. M., Montes, M. Á., Moreno, A. R., Andrade‐Talavera, Y., Armengol, J. A., et al. (2022) · Cellular Reprogramming · doi:10.1089/cell.2022.0055 · Cited by 6
“In addition, unlike iPSCs, iNs maintain the age and the epigenetic marks of the donor (Drouin-Ouellet et al., 2017; Huh et al., 2016; Mertens et al., 2015).”
Deconstructing age reprogramming
Singh, P. B., Laktionov, P. P., & Newman, A. G. (2019) · Journal of Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12038-019-9923-1 · Cited by 7
Kim, K. M., Thaqi, M., Peterson, D. A., & Marr, R. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.658498 · Cited by 6
Carr, L. M., Mustafa, S., Care, A., & Collins‐Praino, L. E. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.023 · Cited by 5
“Promisingly, these cells display retention of age after differentiation, with epigenetic age of the original donor cell, measured by DNA methylation, displaying a high correlation with epigenetic age of the iN (Huh et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMoving CNS axon growth and regeneration research into human model systems
Lear, B. P., & Moore, D. L. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1198041 · Cited by 5
“, 2019), overexpression of microRNAs (Yoo et al., 2011; Victor et al., 2014; Huh et al., 2016; Abernathy et al., 2017; Cates et al., 2021), genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9 (Chakraborty et al.”
BackgroundThe Role of Systemic Filtrating Organs in Aging and Their Potential in Rejuvenation Strategies
Kassab, A., Rizk, N. M., & Prakash, S. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23084338 · Cited by 5
Transcription Factors of Direct Neuronal Reprogramming in Ontogenesis and Ex Vivo
Samoilova, E. M., Викторович, Б. В., & Baklaushev, V. P. (2021) · Molecular Biology · doi:10.1134/s0026893321040087 · Cited by 5
Транскрипционные факторы прямого пронейронального репрограммирования в онтогенезе и ex vivo
Samoilova, E. M., Викторович, Б. В., & Baklaushev, V. P. (2021) · Molecular Biology · doi:10.31857/s0026898421050086 · Cited by 4
Fountain of youth—Targeting autophagy in aging
Danics, L., Abbas, A. A., Kis, B., & Pircs, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1125739 · Cited by 4
“This novel technique allowed the generation of in vitro physiologically aged human cells which can recapitulate some key aspects of the donors age, such as DNA methylation, transcriptomic aging, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, accelerated ROS production and oxidized proteins, impaired proteostasis, cellular com…”
MethodDirect conversion of fibroblast into neurons for Alzheimer's disease research: a systematic review
Sattarov, R., Toresson, H., Orbjörn, C., & Mattsson-Carlgren, N. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-230119 · Cited by 4
“This makes the production process faster and easier and also allows the resulting iNs, unlike iPSCs, to maintain the donor’s ageing signature [42, 43].”
BackgroundKnock, E., & Julian, L. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.767457 · Cited by 5
Böhnke, L., Zhou-Yang, L., Pelucchi, S., Kogler, F., Frantal, D., Schön, F., Lagerström, S., Borgogno, O., Baltazar, J., Herdy, J. R., et al. (2022) · Cellular Reprogramming · doi:10.1089/cell.2021.0200 · Cited by 5
“…fibroblasts (FBs) retain many transcriptomic, molecular, metabolic, and epigenetic aging signatures (Böhnke et al., 2018; Chambers et al., 2009; Huh et al., 2016; Kim et al., 2018; Mertens et al., 2015; Pang et al., 2011), and they thus represent an attractive model system to study…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBury, A. G., Olejnik, A., Tocco, C., Saurat, N. G., Stephen, E., Hockemeyer, D. F., Schwamborn, J. C., Studer, L., Mastroberardino, P. G., Bolognin, S., et al. (2025) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-025-01137-2 · Cited by 4
“Neurons and astrocytes directly or semi-directlyreprogrammedfrompatient-derivedskin fi broblastsmaintain the ageing signature of the donor 143,186,187 .”
Emerging directions in tauopathy research
Buée, L., Wildsmith, K. R., Alladi, S., Bertucci, T. B., Boche, D., Bowles, K. R., Boxer, A. L., Brummet, J., DeVos, S. L., Diaz, K., et al. (2026) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.71431 · Cited by 3
“56,57 58–60 Importantly, directly reprogrammed neurons express all six human tau isoforms in a physiological 1-to-1 ratio of 3R-to 4R-tau, thus mirroring the adult human brain.”
Short Peptides Protect Fibroblast-Derived Induced Neurons from Age-Related Changes
Kraskovskaya, N., Linkova, N. S., Sakhenberg, E. I., Kriger, D. V., Polyakova, V. O., Медведев, Д. С., Krasichkov, A. S., Георгиевич, Х. М., & Ryzhak, G. A. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252111363 · Cited by 4
“Sci. 2024 , 25 , x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 15 [18].”
MethodTalaverón-Rey, M., Reche-López, D., Povea-Cabello, S., Álvarez-Córdoba, M., Gómez-Fernández, D., Romero-González, A., Cilleros-Holgado, P., Romero-Domínguez, J. M., López-Cabrera, A., Piñero-Pérez, R., et al. (2025) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-025-03990-z · Cited by 5
“…as # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, ns: not significant (See figure on previous page.) offer a unique advantage, as they allow us to study the pathophysiology of the disease in a neuronal model that maintains the same genetic mutation and epigenetics makers as the patient [40, 94, 95].”
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“One distinct feature of these directly converted human neurons is that they maintain aging-associated features, in contrasts to those that are derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) which are age-reset to an embryonic stage (13-18).”
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“This conversion process retains both the genetic diversity and cellular age of the human donor (Huh et al. , 2016; Mertens et al. , 2015).”
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“human fibroblast to neurons and production of neurons that maintain age-associated epigenetic marks (Huh et al., 2016).”
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“, 2012), direct conversion propagates age-associated signatures in reprogrammed neurons (Huh et al., 2016; Mertens et al., 2015) offering an advantage for modeling cellular processes that occur with aging (Liu et al.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Huh, C. J., Zhang, B., Victor, M. B., Dahiya, S., Batista, L. F., Horvath, S., & Yoo, A. S.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yoo, Andrew S
- Venue
- eLife
- Publisher
- eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
- Published
- 2016-09-20
- Volume
- 5
- ISSN
- 2050-084X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5067114
- OpenAlex
- W2521543069
- Cited by
- 213
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 11
- FWCI
- 9.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- eLife (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R25 DA027995)
- National Institutes of Health (K99/R00, 4R00HL114732-03, 1U34AG051425-01, 5R01, AG042511-02, DP2NS083372-01)
- Washington University in St. Louis (DDRCC, NIDDK P30 DK052574)
- Ellison Medical Foundation (AG-NS-0878-12)
- Cure Alzheimer's Fund
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Keywords
- neuronal aging, fibroblast-to-neuron conversion, epigenetic clocks, DNA methylation, age-related gene expression, oxidative stress, DNA damage, telomere length, neurodegenerative diseases, human neurons
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Cytological Techniques, DNA Damage, Fibroblasts, Humans, Neurons, Telomere, Oxidative Stress, Gene Expression Profiling, MicroRNAs, Epigenesis, Genetic, Cell Transdifferentiation
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