Plant-Based Diets and Their Role in Preventive Medicine: A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Insights for Reducing Disease Risk
Open accessAbstract
Plant-based diets have gained increasing attention for their potential role in preventive medicine, particularly in reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from 32 longitudinal studies to evaluate the impact of plant-based diets on disease prevention and health outcomes. The review identifies consistent patterns, including improved metabolic health, weight management, cardiovascular risk reduction, and positive effects on gut microbiome composition and inflammation. However, inconsistencies arise due to variability in diet definitions, mixed findings on specific outcomes, and heterogeneity in study populations. Critical gaps in the literature include the lack of long-term studies, limited mechanistic insights, underrepresentation of diverse populations, and a need for more rigorous intervention studies and personalized nutrition approaches. Identified research gaps highlight the need for long-term studies, deeper exploration of mechanistic pathways, and greater inclusivity of diverse populations. These insights underscore the significance of plant-based diets as a cornerstone of preventive medicine while emphasizing the necessity for targeted interventions and personalized approaches to maximize their benefits. The findings contribute to a growing body of evidence supporting the integration of plant-based dietary strategies into public health policies and clinical practices.
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Well-balanced, minimally processed plant-based diets are associated with lower incidence of type 2 diabetes, improved glycaemic control and reduced cardiometabolic risk.
“There is consistent evidence that links well-balanced, minimally processed plant-based diets with a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes, improved glycaemic control and reduced cardiometabolic risk [2,3,4].”
From Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
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“11,39,40,42 University of Oxford researchers, using a “ cost-of-illness ” approach to estimate the “ direct health-care costs and the indirect costs of informal care and lost work days that are associated with deaths from speci fi c diseases, ” reported that relative to a reference scenario based on…”
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Sustained Approaches to Prevent Recurrence and Support Ongoing Diabetes Health
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Evaluation of an Online One-Month Whole-Food Plant-Based Dietary Intervention
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- Authors
- Almuntashiri, S. A., Alsubaie, F. F., & Alotaybi, M.
- Affiliations
- King Abdulaziz Medical City (SA)
- Ministry of Health (SA)
- Corresponding author
- Almuntashiri, Sultan A
- Venue
- Cureus
- Published
- 2025-02-06
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e78629-e78629
- ISSN
- 2168-8184 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11890674
- OpenAlex
- W4407220421
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4
- FWCI
- 1.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Cureus (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Keywords
- plant-based diet, preventive medicine, chronic disease prevention, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, metabolic syndrome, gut microbiota, inflammation, weight management, metabolic health, personalized nutrition
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