Effects of 7 days on an ad libitum low-fat vegan diet: the McDougall Program cohort
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BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic evidence, reinforced by clinical and laboratory studies, shows that the rich Western diet is the major underlying cause of death and disability (e.g, from cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes) in Western industrialized societies. The objective of this study is to document the effects that eating a low-fat (≤10% of calories), high-carbohydrate (~80% of calories), moderate-sodium, purely plant-based diet ad libitum for 7 days can have on the biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of measurements of weight, blood pressure, blood sugar, and blood lipids and estimation of cardiovascular disease risk at baseline and day 7 from 1615 participants in a 10-day residential dietary intervention program from 2002 to 2011. Wilcoxon's signed-rank test was used for testing the significance of changes from baseline. RESULTS: The median (interquartile range, IQR) weight loss was 1.4 (1.8) kg (p < .001). The median (IQR) decrease in total cholesterol was 22 (29) mg/dL (p < .001). Even though most antihypertensive and antihyperglycemic medications were reduced or discontinued at baseline, systolic blood pressure decreased by a median (IQR) of 8 (18) mm Hg (p < .001), diastolic blood pressure by a median (IQR) of 4 (10) mm Hg (p < .001), and blood glucose by a median (IQR) of 3 (11) mg/dL (p < .001). For patients whose risk of a cardiovascular event within 10 years was >7.5% at baseline, the risk dropped to 5.5% (>27%) at day 7 (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: A low-fat, starch-based, vegan diet eaten ad libitum for 7 days results in significant favorable changes in commonly tested biomarkers that are used to predict future risks for cardiovascular disease and metabolic diseases.
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Very low-fat patterns are characterized predominantly by having ≤10% energy from fat.
“Very low-fat patterns are characterized predominantly by having ≤10% energy from fat. 37,[39][40][41]57,58”
From Popular dietary patterns: alignment with American Heart Association 2021 dietary guidance: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. (2023) · cites this paper as [39]
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Plant-based Diets and Diabetes
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Evaluation of an Online One-Month Whole-Food Plant-Based Dietary Intervention
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- Authors
- McDougall, J., Thomas, L. E., McDougall, C., Moloney, G., Saul, B., Finnell, J. S., Richardson, K., & Petersen, K. M.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- AOMA Graduate School of Integrative Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- McDougall, John
- Venue
- Nutrition Journal
- Published
- 2014-10-14
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 99-99
- ISSN
- 1475-2891 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4209065
- OpenAlex
- W2105616443
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 8.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2017-02-10)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrition Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Keywords
- ad libitum feeding, short-term dietary intervention, cardiovascular risk, type 2 diabetes risk, weight loss, blood pressure, blood glucose, serum lipids, total cholesterol, Western diet, plant-based diet
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Body Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Triglycerides, Diet, Vegetarian, Cohort Studies, Biomarkers, Diet, Fat-Restricted
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