Cited by 104Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderDevelopmental and Educational NeuropsychologyNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

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Methylphenidate vs Dextroamphetamine vs Caffeine in Minimal Brain Dysfunction: Controlled Comparison by Placebo Washout Design With Bayes' Analysis

Arnold, L. Eugene·1978·Archives of General Psychiatry

DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.1978.01770280073008

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Abstract

Double-blind crossover comparison of methylphenidate hydrochloride, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and caffeine after placebo washout in 29 children with minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) showed on six ratings that methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine were significantly (P less than .05 to P less than .001) better than placebo and caffeine, but not significantly (P less than .05) different from each other. Placebo, caffeine, and ratings before drug did not differ significantly. Of 26 drug responders, 12 responded best to dextroamphetamine, ten to methylphenidate, and one to caffeine. The latter child showed no improvement at all with either prescription stimulant. Methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine were each efficacious for six children who did not respond to the other stimulant. All three drugs showed significant (P less than .05) weight loss and cardiovascular side effects, the latter possibly spurious. Dextroamphetamine showed a significant (P less than .05) decrease from placebo in "tummyaches."

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Assessment of Hyperactive Children: Psychometric, Methodological, and Practical Considerations
Wallander, J. L., & Conger, J. C. (1981) · Progress in behavior modification · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-535611-4.50012-9 · Cited by 5
ASSESSMENT OF THE CLASSROOM BEHAVIOR OF HYPERACTIVE CHILDREN
Gittelman, R. (2009) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1986.tb07689.x · Cited by 4
Treatment of Children’s Problems
Peterson, L., & Roberts, M. C. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9715-2_12 · Cited by 3
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Grimes, L. M., Kennedy, A. E., Labaton, R. S., Hine, J. F., & Warzak, W. J. (2015) · Journal of Caffeine Research · doi:10.1089/jcr.2014.0032 · Cited by 1
A survey study of the use electropupillogram in predicting response to psychostimulants
Bhatara, V. S., Arnold, L. E., Knopp, W., & Smeltzer, D. J. (1978) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00426885 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
PHYSIOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERKINETIC CHILDREN
Abbie, M. (1982) · Australian Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/s0004-9514(14)60765-0 · Cited by 1
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Janknegt, R., Faber, A., Pereira, R. R., & Kalverdijk, L. J. (2009) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656560902765769 · Cited by 1
Bio-Social Influences on the Control of Aggression/Aggressive Behavior in Mental Health Settings
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Physician's Contribution to the Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disabilities
Coffey, D. (2003) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012256430-7/50014-4
Parent-Nominated Symptoms as an Outcome Measure in Autism Intervention Research
Dabel, V. (2010) · Scholarly Commons (University of Pennsylvania)
Use of drugs in child psychiatry
Sitholey, P. (1984) · The Indian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/bf02776435
Sonstige psychotrope Substanzen
Deckert, J., Gleiter, C. H., Schmidt, L., Huether, G., Rüther, E., Dietmaier, O., & Laux, G. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-211-37774-3_5
Late Component of Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) and Reaction Time (RT) in Hyperkinetic Children
Sasaki, T. (1983) · Okayama Igakkai Zasshi (Journal of Okayama Medical Association) · doi:10.4044/joma1947.95.11-12_1281
Disorder of Infancy and Childhood: A Review
Ashwlayan, V. D. (2018) · Global Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.19080/gjpps.2018.05.555675

Authors: Arnold, L. E.
Corresponding author: Arnold, L. Eugene
ORCID: Arnold, L. Eugene
Venue: Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1978-04-01
Volume: 35
Issue: 4
Pages: 463
ISSN: 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1978.01770280073008
OpenAlex: W2142349212
Cited by: 104
References: 23
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 2.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: methylphenidate, d-amphetamine, caffeine, minimal brain dysfunction, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, stimulants, children, drug efficacy, placebo response, weight loss, cardiovascular side effects
MeSH terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Caffeine, Child, Child, Preschool, Clinical Trials as Topic, Dextroamphetamine, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Hyperkinesis, Male, Methylphenidate

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Methylphenidate vs Dextroamphetamine vs Caffeine in Minimal Brain Dysfunction: Controlled Comparison by Placebo Washout Design With Bayes' Analysis

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