CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 627Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesAlcohol Consumption and Health EffectsPrenatal Substance Exposure Effects

An 8-year follow-up of 450 sons of alcoholic and control subjects

Schuckit, Marc A.·1996·Archives of General Psychiatry
DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830030020005
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Between 1978 and 1988, 453 sons (age range, 18-29 years) of alcoholic and control subject were evaluated for their level of reaction (LR) to alcohol. This article presents the results of the 8.2-year follow-up of 450 of these men. The three goals were (1) to attempt to replicate results of the follow-up of the first 223 subjects, (2) to evaluate the potential impact of the quantity and frequency of drinking at the time of the original study on the relationship between LR and alcoholic outcome (ALC), and, most importantly, (3) to test if the relationship between family history (FH) and ALC might be mediated by LR in a subset of the sample. METHODS: Face-to-face structured follow-up interviews were carried out with the subjects and separately with an additional informant, and blood samples, as well as urine specimens, were obtained for determination of state markers of heavy drinking and drug toxicology screens. RESULTS: First, the rate of development of DSM-III-R abuse and dependence on alcohol was 14.1% and 28.6%, respectively, for family history positive (FHP) subjects, compared with 6.6% and 10.8%, respectively, for family history negative (FHN) men. Second, neither consideration of the quantity nor the frequency of drinking at the time of the original study, nor their combination, effectively diminished the relationships between LR and ALC. Third, among men who drank and demonstrated the 15% highest and lowest scores of LR at about the age of 20 years (ie, 30% of the relevant population), the correlation between FH and ALC was greatly reduced when LR was considered, but the correlation between LR and ALC was not greatly diminished when the impact of FH was evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of moderately functional white men, the development of alcoholism occurred in relationship to an FH of alcoholism, but alcohol abuse or dependence was unrelated to prior psychiatric disorders. For this group, LR at the age of 20 years was associated with future alcoholism in a manner that was independent of the drinking practices at the time of the original study. At least among those men with clearly high and low LR scores, these data are consistent with the conclusion that LR might be a mediator of the alcoholism risk.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830030020005

Cites

37 of 37 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Human studies in this area have been limited to retrospective patient reports, post mortem brain tissue methods, or cross-sectional laboratory paradigms, none of which directly measure alcohol responses in the same individuals over time.

    “Human studies in this area have been limited to retrospective patient reports(23), post mortem brain tissue methods(24), or cross-sectional laboratory paradigms(2, 3, 25–29), none of which directly measure alcohol responses in the same individuals over time.”

    From A Prospective 5-Year Re-examination of Alcohol Response in Heavy Drinkers Progressing in Alcohol Use Disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [28]

  • Previous studies relying on proxy measures of brain-behavior relationships to alcohol response have not been able to address within-person changes or stabilization in alcohol response over time.

    “Previous studies relying on proxy measures of brain-behavior relationships to alcohol response(2, 3, 23–29) have not been able to address within-person changes or stabilization in alcohol response over time.”

    From A Prospective 5-Year Re-examination of Alcohol Response in Heavy Drinkers Progressing in Alcohol Use Disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [28]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Schuckit, M. A.
Affiliations
University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author
Schuckit, Marc A.
ORCID
Schuckit, Marc A.
Venue
Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
1996-03-01
Volume
53
Issue
3
Pages
202
ISSN
0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830030020005
OpenAlex
W2071961991
Cited by
627
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 21
FWCI
20.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA-05526, AA08401, R01AA005526, U10AA008403, AA08403, U10AA008401)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
Keywords
alcoholism, family history of alcoholism, alcohol abuse, sons of alcoholics, young men, mental illness
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Alcohol Drinking, Ethanol, Alcoholism, Family, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychomotor Performance, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Substance Abuse Detection, Substance-Related Disorders

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review