Cited by 2,155Heart Failure Treatment and ManagementBlood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesCardiovascular Function and Risk Factors

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Progression From Hypertension to Congestive Heart Failure

Levy, Daniel·1996·JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association

DOI 10.1001/jama.1996.03530440037034

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES: - To study the relative and population-attributable risks of hypertension for the development of congestive heart failure (CHF), to assess the time course of progression from hypertension to CHF, and to identify risk factors that contribute to the development of overt heart failure in hypertensive subjects. DESIGN: - Inception cohort study. SETTING: - General community. PARTICIPANTS: - Original Framingham Heart Study and Framingham Offspring Study participants aged 40 to 89 years and free of CHF. To reflect more contemporary experience, the starting point of this study was January 1, 1970. EXPOSURE MEASURES: - Hypertension (blood pressure of at least 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic or current use of medications for treatment of high blood pressure) and other potential CHF risk factors were assessed at periodic clinic examinations. OUTCOME MEASURE: - The development of CHF. RESULTS: - A total of 5143 eligible subjects contributed 72422 person-years of observation. During up to 20.1 years of follow-up (mean, 14.1 years), there were 392 new cases of heart failure; in 91% (357/392), hypertension antedated the development of heart failure. Adjusting for age and heart failure risk factors in proportional hazards regression models, the hazard for developing heart failure in hypertensive compared with normotensive subjects was about 2-fold in men and 3-fold in women. Multivariable analyses revealed that hypertension had a high population-attributable risk for CHF, accounting for 39% of cases in men and 59% in women. Among hypertensive subjects, myocardial infarction, diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy, and valvular heart disease were predictive of increased risk for CHF in both sexes. Survival following the onset of hypertensive CHF was bleak; only 24% of men and 31% of women survived 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: - Hypertension was the most common risk factor for CHF, and it contributed a large proportion of heart failure cases in this population-based sample. Preventive strategies directed toward earlier and more aggressive blood pressure control are likely to offer the greatest promise for reducing the incidence of CHF and its associated mortality.

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World Heart Federation Roadmap for Heart Failure
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“Vascular risk factors can also result in myocardial damage, often without overt myocardial infarction, thereby altering cardiac function [7,8].”
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Result
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“In fact, the LVH in hypertensive patients correlated to higher risk of developing systolic heart failure [187].”
Background
Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in hypertension
Marchesi, C., Dentali, F., Nicolini, E., Maresca, A. M., Tayebjee, M., Franz, M., Guasti, L., Venco, A., Schiffrin, E. L., Lip, G. Y. H., et al. (2011) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e32834d249a · Cited by 109
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Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
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“13 The present investigation focused on systolic BP, diastolic BP, pulse pressure, and BMI because these variables: (1) are major risk factors for heart failure, (2) are modifiable with lifestyle or pharmacological interventions, (3) are easily measured, (4) were repeatedly measured at biennial Heart Study visits, and…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
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“Although population-attributable risk estimates are more commonly reported in studies examining the population burden of heart failure (12,36), we chose to present PIFs, as these estimates do not presume complete elimination of a given risk factor.”
Background
Clinical predictors of heart failure in patients with first acute myocardial infarction
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“We had expected that regression models adjusted for CAC score would negate the effects of LV hypertrophy in relationship Radiology: Volume 293: Number 1—October 2019 n radiology.rsna.org 113 a mean of 3.5 years, Aronow and Ahn (36) found a higher incidence of HF in participants with ECG-diagnosed LV hypertrophy than i…”
MethodInfluential
Heart Failure in the Twenty-First Century: Is it a Coronary Artery Disease or Hypertension Problem?
Velagaleti, R. S., & Vasan, R. S. (2007) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2007.08.010 · Cited by 106
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Ultrastructural uncoupling between T-tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum in human heart failure
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Pfister, R., Michels, G., Sharp, S. J., Luben, R., Wareham, N. J., & Khaw, K.-T. (2014) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.56 · Cited by 100
Prevalence and risk factors of heart failure in the USA: NHANES 2013 – 2014 epidemiological follow-up study
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“1 years of follow-up, analysis of the study revealed that hypertension had a high attributable risk for HF, responsible for 59% of cases in women and 39% of cases in men [18].”
Background
Sleep‐Disordered Breathing and Cardiovascular Disease in Children and Adolescents
Baker-Smith, C. M., Isaiah, A., Melendres, M. C., Mahgerefteh, J., Lasso‐Pirot, A., Mayo, S., Gooding, H. C., & Zachariah, J. P. V. (2021) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.121.022427 · Cited by 111
New insights into diastolic heart failure: role of diabetes mellitus
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Hepatocyte Growth Factor Reduces Cardiac Fibrosis by Inhibiting Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition
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Relation of Baseline Systolic Blood Pressure and Long-Term Outcomes in Ambulatory Patients With Chronic Mild to Moderate Heart Failure
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Left ventricular hypertrophy offsets the sex difference in cardiovascular risk (the Campania Salute Network)
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Authors: Levy, D.
Affiliations: Framingham Heart Study (US)
Corresponding author: Levy, Daniel
ORCID: Levy, Daniel
Venue: JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1996-05-22
Volume: 275
Issue: 20
Pages: 1557
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.1996.03530440037034
OpenAlex: W2023515446
Cited by: 2,155
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 85 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 86 · 2018: 70 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 68 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 86 · 2013: 102 · 2012: 108
FWCI: 27.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (n01hc038038-022)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-38038)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Keywords: hypertension, congestive heart failure, population attributable risk, heart failure risk factors, myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular hypertrophy, valvular heart disease, blood pressure control, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham Offspring Study
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Diastole, Female, Heart Failure, Humans, Hypertension, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Systole, Cohort Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Proportional Hazards Models, Survival Analysis, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular, Disease Progression, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

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The Progression From Hypertension to Congestive Heart Failure

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