The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 52 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Gait speed and survival in older adults.
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival. Physical performance measures, such as gait speed, might help account for variability, allowing clinicians to make more individualized estimates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between gait speed and survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies (collected between 1986 and 2000), using individual data from 34,485 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older with baseline gait speed data, followed up for 6 to 21 years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (5.9) years; 59.6%, women; and 79.8%, white; and had a mean (SD) gait speed of 0.92 (0.27) m/s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rates and life expectancy. RESULTS: There were 17,528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%-88.8%) and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.5%-70.6%). Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90; P < .001). Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s. At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women. Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.
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43 Own result · 15 Sources not found · 9 Own interpretation · 7 Own method
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“Stratification by sex-specific median height failed to show systematic differences in survival rates between short and tall participants, so results presented are not stratified by height.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“In some subsets of slow walkers of Hispanic descent, survival rates were 10% to 20% higher than in other groups (eTable 2).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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“Stratification by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic) suggested generally similar survival rates by gait speed among age and sex groups.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<. 001).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The overall HR for survival per each 0.1 m/s faster gait speed was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<.001) when pooled across all studies using a random-effects meta-analytic statistical approach”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · plain
“In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
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In the paper
“Gait speeds of 1.0 m/s or higher consistently demonstrated survival that was longer than expected by age and sex alone.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed added substantially37 to age and sex in 7 of the 9 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.734) that was not significantly different from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (0.732; (P=.95; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Three studies had sufficiently consistent data on functional status at baseline to allow pooling.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Although the sample size of very slow walkers was small, our data suggest that there may be a subpopulation who walk very slowly but survive for long periods.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
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In the paper
“Study follow-up time ranged from 6.0 to 21.0 years, with participants followed up for a mean of 12.2 and a median of 13.8 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Of the total, 59.6% were women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Predicted years of remaining life for each sex and age increased as gait speed increased, with a gait speed of about 0.8 m/s at the median life expectancy at most ages for both sexes (Figure 2; a PDF of enlarged graphs is available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Similarly, there was a wide range of gait speeds, from less than 0.4 m/s (n=1247) to more than 1.4 m/s (n=1491).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,491- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In this older adult population, the relationship of gait speed with remaining years of life was consistent across age groups, but the absolute number of expected remaining years of life was larger at younger ages.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“For 70-year-old men, life expectancy ranged from 7 to 23 years and for women, from 10 to 30 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“There were substantial numbers of African American (n=3852) and Hispanic (n=2650) participants.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 3,852- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Mortality rates appear to be related to length of follow-up (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92 and at age 80 years from 0.22 to 0.86 (eFigure 4B).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For the 3 levels of functional status (independent, difficulty with instrumental ADLs, and dependent in ADLs), the pooled HR per 0.1-m/s increase in gait speed for those who were independent was 0.92 (P= .005), for those with difficulty in instrumental activities was also 0.92 (P<.001) but was 0.94 (P=.02) among those dependent in ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The studies had a wide age range, including 1765 persons older than 85 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,765- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were consistent associations across studies, although given the large sample sizes, Q statistics were often statistically significant (details available in eFigure 1A–M available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Age-adjusted HRs by study ranged from 0.83 to 0.94 and all were significant (P<.001; Figure 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“When dichotomized at a score of 100 into low and high activity, MrOS had consistent and statistically significant HRs for low (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81–0.88) and high (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84–0.90) physical”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the pooled sample, median survival in years for the age groups 65 through 74 years was 12.6 for men and 16.8 for women; for 75 through 84 years, 7.9 for men and 10.5 for women; and for 85 years or older, 4.6 for men and 6.4 years for women (eTable 3 available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with differences in the probability of survival at all ages in both sexes, but was especially informative after age 75 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were 17 528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%–88.8%)and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95%CI, 46.5%–70.6%).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“Further adjustment for sex, BMI, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diseases, prior hospitalization, and self-reported health did not change the results (overall HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.89–0.91; P<.001).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“The 9 participating studies contributed a total of 34 485 participants (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 34,485- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were 17 528 total deaths across all studies, with rates varying from 18.40% to 91.87% in individual studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In the Hispanic EPESE, the HR for low physical activity was significant (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96) but the HR for higher physical activity was not (0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.04).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Pooled HRs for all subgroups except functional status were consistently in the range of 0.81 to 0.92 and all were significant (P<.002).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“C statistics for age, sex, and gait speed were greater than those for age, sex, and chronic diseases in 4 of 9 studies, approximately equivalent in 5 studies and inferior in no studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For 10-year survival, 6 studies had sufficient follow-up time to perform many of the analyses (Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We assessed usual vs fast gait speed in the single study with both measures (Invecciare in Chianti18 study: usual, 0.727 [95% CI, 0.678–0.776]; fast, 0.684 [95% CI, 0.630–0.739]), suggesting that fast walks did not have an advantage in survival prediction over usual-paced walks.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For these studies, gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.741) that was not significantly different (P=.78) from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (P=.75; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed added predictive ability to age and sex in 4 of 6 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In our data, predicted life expectancy at the median for age and sex occurs at about 0.8 m/s; faster gait speeds predict life expectancy beyond the median.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed has been recommended as a potentially useful clinical indicator of well-being among the older adults.14”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because physical activity measures were not sufficiently consistent across studies, effects could not be pooled.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed could be considered a simple and accessible summary indicator of vitality because it integrates known and unrecognized disturbances in multiple organ systems, many of which affect survival.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Only a few models assess overall predictive capacity using C statistics; the reported values are in the range found in the present study (published area under the curve range, 0.66–0.8261 vs this study, 0.717 and 0.737).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because gait speed can be assessed by nonprofessional staff using a 4-m walkway and a stopwatch,21 it is relatively simple to measure compared with many medical assessments.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Several authors have proposed that gait speeds faster than 1.0 m/s suggest healthier aging while gait speeds slower than 0.6 m/s increase the likelihood of poor health and function.7,21”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The participating study cohorts, while large and diverse, do not represent the universe of possible data.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strengths of this study are the very large sample of individual participant data from multiple diverse populations of community-dwelling elders who were followed up for many years and use of consistent measures of performance and outcome.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed might help refine survival estimates in clinical practice or research because it is simple and informative.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the gait speed–survival relationship seems continuous across the entire range, cut points may help interpretation.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, participants in these studies had no prior knowledge about the meaning of walking speed.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Slowing gait may reflect both damaged systems and a high-energy cost of walking.13,39–54”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [40]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [43]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [44]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed, age, and sex may offer the clinician tools for assessing expected survival to contribute to tailoring goals of care in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We were unable to assess the association of physical activity with survival in pooled analyses because measures of activity were highly variable across studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, median years of survival in this study resemble estimates for US adults across the sex and age range assessed.62”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [62]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Prior analyses used single cohorts and presented results as relative rather than absolute risk, as done herein.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Some models use self-reported information but others also include physiological or performance data, for a total of 4 to more than 10 predictive factors.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study has the limitations of observational research; it cannot establish causal relationships and is vulnerable to various forms of healthy volunteer bias.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The research studies analyzed herein used trained staff to measure gait speed. Staffin clinical settings would need initial training and may produce more variable results.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Others propose one cutoff around 0.8 m/s.13”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Long-distance walks have become accepted in some medical fields and may contribute information beyond short walks.66–68”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [66]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [67]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [68]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results found herein suggest that gait speed appears to be especially informative in older persons who report either no function all imitations or only difficulty with instrumental ADLs and may be less helpful for older adults who already report dependence in basic ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Similarly, mortality prediction models have been developed.3–5,57–60”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the longer distance and time to perform the test may limit feasibility in many clinical settings.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function.
“There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function, although several models have been developed from individual data sources.3–5”
The paper relies on this without support.
Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients.
“Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Edmonton Frail Scale is a multi-dimensional assessment instrument that includes the TUGT, and a test for cognitive impairment (108). It is quick to administer (less than 5 minutes) and is valid, reliable and feasible for routine use by non-geriatricians”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, gait speed was associated with survival in pooled analysis of individual data from 9 cohort studies (pooled HR per 0.1 m/s: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87–0.90, P < 0.001) (78).”
From Health Consequences of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Narrative Review (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“including a significant association with survival at increments of 0.1 m/s.84”
In the citing paper
“accumulating evidence from both preclinical studies and recent human clinical trials strongly suggests that Mt have a key role in the pathogenesis of age-related functional decline, marked by slower walking speed.(Hiona and Leeuwenburgh 2008;Studenski, Perera, Patel, Rosano, Faulkner, Inzitari, Brach, Chandler, Cawthon, Connor, Nevitt, Visser, Kritchevsky, Badinelli, Harris, Newman, Cauley, Ferru”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Studenski et al. 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“SPPB, 0.738”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“95% CI, 0.690–0.735”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A). In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92”
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialQuantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialThe Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data.
Aitkin, M. A., Kalbfleisch, J. D., & Prentice, R. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530581 · Cited by 9,875
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model
Therneau, T. M., & Grambsch, P. M. (2000) · Statistics for Biology and Health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3294-8 · Cited by 8,674
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380 · cited 5×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialStatistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data
Lawless, J. F. (2002) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118033005 · Cited by 4,521
The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale.
Fried, L. P., Borhani, N. O., Enright, P., Furberg, C. D., Gardin, J. M., Kronmal, R. A., Kuller, L. H., Manolio, T. A., Mittelmark, M. B., Newman, A., et al. (1991) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90005-w · Cited by 3,652
Survival Analysis Techniques for Censored and Truncated Data
Rao, M. B., Klein, J. P., & Moeschberger, M. L. (1998) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270658 · Cited by 3,617
The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation
Washburn, R. A., Smith, K. W., Jette, A. M., & Janney, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4 · Cited by 3,256 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 4,515
Sarcopenia: A Novel Clinical Condition or Still a Matter for Research?
Cesari, M., & Vellas, B. J. (2012) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2012.07.020 · Cited by 46
Vallejo, A. N., Hamel, D. L., Mueller, R. G., Ives, D. G., Michel, J. J., Boudreau, R. M., & Newman, A. B. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026558 · Cited by 45
Gait velocity and walking distance to predict community walking after stroke
An, S.-H., Lee, Y.-B., Shin, H., et al. (2015) · Nursing and Health Sciences · doi:10.1111/nhs.12234 · Cited by 46
Dong, R., Wang, X., Guo, Q., Wang, J., Zhang, W., Shen, S., Han, P., Ma, Y., Kang, L., Wang, M., et al. (2015) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glv168 · Cited by 46
Bindawas, S. M. (2016) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s100546 · Cited by 46
Fasel, B., Duc, C., Dadashi, F., Bardyn, F., Savary, M., Farine, P.-A., & Aminian, K. (2017) · Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing · doi:10.1007/s11517-017-1621-2 · Cited by 46
Perceived discrimination: Associations with physical and cognitive function in older adults.
Shankar, A., & Hinds, P. (2017) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000522 · Cited by 48
A practical step length algorithm using lower limb angular velocities
Allseits, E., Agrawal, V., Lučarević, J., GAILEY, R. S., GAUNAURD, I. A., & Bennett, C. (2017) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.11.010 · Cited by 47
Frailty and Its Correlates in Adults With Late Life Depression
Brown, P. J., Roose, S. P., O'Boyle, K., Ciarleglio, A., Maas, B., Igwe, K. C., Chung, S., Gomez, S., Naqvi, M., Brickman, A. M., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2019.10.005 · Cited by 50
Hoogendijk, E. O., Rijnhart, J. J. M., Skoog, J., Robitaille, A., van den Hout, A., Ferrucci, L., Huisman, M. A., Skoog, I. G., Piccinin, A. M., Hofer, S. M., et al. (2019) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2019.110783 · Cited by 46
“The relationship between gait speed and mortality in older adults is well-established (Studenski et al., 2011).”
Wu, C., Geldhof, G. J., Xue, Q.-L., Kim, D. H., Newman, A. B., & Odden, M. C. (2018) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwy041 · Cited by 45
Lord, S., Moyes, S. A., Teh, R., Port, W., Muru‐Lanning, M., Bacon, C. J., WILKINSON, T. J., & Kerse, N. M. (2020) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-020-1420-8 · Cited by 45
Klinische Bedeutung der Erfassung von Frailty
Benzinger, P., Eidam, A., & Bauer, J. M. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie · doi:10.1007/s00391-021-01873-z · Cited by 45
Real-world gait speed estimation, frailty and handgrip strength: a cohort-based study
Soltani, A., Abolhassani, N., Marques-Vidal, P. M., Aminian, K., Vollenweider, P., & Paraschiv-Ionescu, A. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98359-0 · Cited by 46
Effect of Yoga on Frailty in Older Adults
Loewenthal, J., Innes, K. E., Mitzner, M. G., Mita, C., & Orkaby, A. R. (2023) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m22-2553 · Cited by 55
“However, the included frailty markers have the advantages of being objectivemeasures and linked to clinically meaningful outcomes in older adults: mortality, falls, fractures, disability, worsened mobility, and loss of independence (3, 6, 81, 82).”
BackgroundWerner, C., Hezel, N., Dongus, F., Spielmann, J., Mayer, J., Becker, C., & Bauer, J. M. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-32550-3 · Cited by 44
“), (2) adults between 18 and 64 years from the children’s parents, the acquaintances of the research team, and the staff of a German geriatric hospital, and (3) seniors ≥ 65 years from healthy populations of previous studies conducted at the study center.”
BackgroundOrr, M. E., Kotkowski, E., Ramirez, P., Bair‐Kelps, D., Liu, Q., Brenner, C., Schmidt, M. S., Fox, P. T., Larbi, A., Tan, C. T. Y., et al. (2023) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-023-00999-9 · Cited by 61
A wearable smartphone-enabled camera-based system for gait assessment
Kim, A., Kim, J., Rietdyk, S., & Ziaie, B. (2015) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.05.001 · Cited by 44
Functional capacity and fear of falling in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
Niederer, D., Schmidt, K., Vogt, L., Egen, J., Klingler, J., Hübscher, M., Thiel, C., Bernhörster, M., & Banzer, W. B. (2013) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.11.014 · Cited by 45
O’Dell, M. W., Dunning, K. K., Kluding, P. M., Wu, S. S., Feld, J., Ginosian, J., & McBride, K. (2014) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.01.001 · Cited by 45
Sabia, S., Elbaz, A., Rouveau, N., Brunner, E. J., Mika Kivimaki, B., & Singh‐Manoux, A. (2014) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.13071 · Cited by 44
Diagnosis and management of asthma in the elderly
Scichilone, N., Pedone, C., Battaglia, S. L., Sorino, C., & Bellia, V. (2014) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2014.01.004 · Cited by 44
Screening and Preventive Services for Older Adults
Nicholas, J. A., & Hall, W. J. (2011) · Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine · doi:10.1002/msj.20275 · Cited by 48
Gait Speed and Processing Speed as Clinical Markers for Geriatric Health Outcomes
Sanders, J. B., Bremmer, M. A., Comijs, H. C., van de Ven, P. M., Deeg, D. J. H., & Beekman, A. T. F. (2016) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2016.12.003 · Cited by 45
Ruiz-Cárdenas, J. D., Rodríguez-Juan, J. J., Smart, R. R., et al. (2017) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.10.029 · Cited by 45
Chronic kidney disease and acquired mitochondrial myopathy
Rao, M., Jaber, B. L., & Balakrishnan, V. S. (2017) · Current Opinion in Nephrology & Hypertension · doi:10.1097/mnh.0000000000000393 · Cited by 45
Effect of Sarcopenia Status on Disability Incidence Among Japanese Older Adults
Shimada, H., Tsutsumimoto, K., Doi, T., Lee, S., Bae, S., Nakakubo, S., Makino, K., & Arai, H. (2020) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2020.10.036 · Cited by 48
Swenor, B. K., Muñoz, B., & West, S. K. (2013) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwt257 · Cited by 45
Considerations concerning the definition of sarcopenia
Dawson-Hughes, B. F., & Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A. (2016) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-016-3674-8 · Cited by 49
“Selected components of the frailty definition, slow gait speed [5] and low grip strength [6], have been shown to predict mortality.”
Bohrer, R. C. D., Pereira, G., Beck, J. K. M., Lodovico, A., & Rodacki, A. (2019) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2018.2063 · Cited by 19
“42 Although the gait itself is considered an indicator of mobility and functional capacity, TUG test is one of the most widely used tests with seniors to evaluate functional capacity and has a high degree of reliability.”
Characteristics of sarcopenia by European consensuses and a phenotype score
Jang, I., Lee, E., Lee, H., Park, H., Kim, S. Y., Kim, K., Jung, H., & Kim, D. H. (2019) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12507 · Cited by 43
Effects of experimentally induced fatigue on healthy older adults’ gait: A systematic review
dos Santos, P. C. R., Barbieri, F. A., Zijdewind, I., Gobbi, L. T. B., Lamoth, C. J. C., & Hortobágyi, T. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0226939 · Cited by 44
Langsetmo, L., Schousboe, J. T., Taylor, B. C., Cauley, J. A., Fink, H. A., Cawthon, P. M., Kado, D. M., & Ensrud, K. E. (2023) · JBMR Plus · doi:10.1002/jbm4.10757 · Cited by 44
“Usual walk speed was measured over a 6-m course in SOF and MrOS and a 4-m course in HABC with the latter recalibrated to match 6-m gait speed((23)) and grip strength was mea-”
MethodKeogh, J., Senior, H., Beller, E., & Henwood, T. R. (2015) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2015.06.021 · Cited by 44
Gait Speed and Dismobility in Older Adults
Ostir, G. V., Berges, I. M., Ottenbacher, K. J., Fisher, S. R., Barr, E. A., Hebel, J. R., & Guralnik, J. M. (2015) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2015.05.017 · Cited by 44
Doi, T., Makizako, H., Shimada, H., Yoshida, D., Tsutsumimoto, K., Sawa, R., Misu, S., & Suzuki, T. (2012) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2012.09.003 · Cited by 44
Huppert, T. J., Schmidt, B., Beluk, N., FURMAN, J. M. R., & Sparto, P. J. (2012) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22106 · Cited by 50
Romeu, M., Couchoud, C., Delarozière, J.-C., Burtey, S., Chiche, L., Harlé, J., Gondouin, B., Brunet, P., Berland, Y., & Jourde‐Chiche, N. (2014) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcu043 · Cited by 44
Inference for Shared-Frailty Survival Models with Left-Truncated Data
van den Berg, G. J., & Drepper, B. (2015) · Econometric Reviews · doi:10.1080/07474938.2014.975640 · Cited by 44
“Studenski et al. (2011), who study the effect of gait speed on survival among elderly individuals, provide another example.”
BackgroundCarter, C. S., Marzetti, E., Leeuwenburgh, C., Manini, T. M., Foster, T. C., Groban, L., Scarpace, P. J., & Morgan, D. (2011) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glr042 · Cited by 45
Tract-specific white matter microstructure and gait in humans
Verlinden, V. J. A., de Groot, M., Cremers, L. G. M., van der Geest, J. N., Albert Hofman, D., Niessen, W. J., van der Lugt, A., Vernooij, M. W., & Ikram, M. A. (2016) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.04.005 · Cited by 49
“Proper gait is essential for various reasons, including its strong relation with an increased risk of falling, fractures, and death (Abellan van Kan et al., 2009; Studenski et al., 2011; Verghese et al., 2009).”
InfluentialFragilidade e qualidade de vida de idosos usuários da atenção básica de saúde
Lenardt, M. H., Carneiro, N. H. K., Binotto, M. A., Willig, M. H., Lourenço, T. M., & Albino, J. (2016) · Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/0034-7167.2016690309i · Cited by 44
Frailty: the missing piece of the pre- hematopoietic cell transplantation assessment?
Hegde, A. M., & Murthy, H. S. (2017) · Bone Marrow Transplantation · doi:10.1038/bmt.2017.192 · Cited by 44
Mustafa, J., Ellison, R. C., Singer, M. R., Bradlee, M. L., Kalesan, B., Holick, M. F., & Moore, L. L. (2018) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwy014 · Cited by 44
Paillard, T. (2018) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2018.05.002 · Cited by 44
Integrating Frailty and Cognitive Phenotypes: Why, How, Now What?
Xue, Q., Buta, B. J., Ma, L., Ge, M., & Carlson, M. C. (2019) · Current Geriatrics Reports · doi:10.1007/s13670-019-0279-z · Cited by 44
“another example that is essential to the study of aging processes, to the varying degree of gait slowing with age—a strong and robust predictor of disability and mortality [25, 26].”
BackgroundGait Abnormalities and the Risk of Falls in CKD
Tran, J., Ayers, E. I., Verghese, J., & Abramowitz, M. K. (2019) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.13871118 · Cited by 45
“These include measures of lower extremity function and overall physical performance, as well as simple metrics such as gait speed (9,10).”
BackgroundPolhemus, A. M., Bergquist, R., de Basea, M. B., Brittain, G., Buttery, S. C., Chynkiamis, N., Costa, G. D., Delgado‐Ortiz, L., Demeyer, H., Emmert, K., et al. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038704 · Cited by 44
Sarcopenia measurement in research and clinical practice
Dent, E., Woo, J., Scott, D. S., & Hoogendijk, E. O. (2021) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2021.06.003 · Cited by 46
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Schrack, J. A., Gresham, G. K., & Wanigatunga, A. A. (2017) · Molecular Case Studies · doi:10.1101/mcs.a001933 · Cited by 43
“…and disease-related changes in speed of movement and metabolic function (Demark-Wahnefried et al. 1997; Ferrucci et al. 2012; Schrack et al. 2012; Studenski et al. 2011) or that METs of energy expenditure in a young, healthy 40-yr-old may not be equivalent to METs of energy expenditure in an…”
BackgroundLongitudinal association between brain volume change and gait speed in a general population
Lee, S., Kim, R. E. Y., & Shin, C. (2019) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2019.01.004 · Cited by 43
Yi, D., & Yim, J. (2021) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.935496 · Cited by 45
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Mild Cognitive Impairment, Slow Gait, and Risk of Disability: A Prospective Study
Doi, T., Shimada, H., Makizako, H., Tsutsumimoto, K., Hotta, R., Nakakubo, S., & Suzuki, T. (2015) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2015.07.007 · Cited by 42
Vellas, B. J., Pahor, M., Manini, T. M., Rooks, D., Guralnik, J. M., Morley, J. E., Studenski, S. A., Evans, W. J., Asbrand, C., Fariello, R. G., et al. (2013) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-013-0362-7 · Cited by 46
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Reduced walking speed and distance as harbingers of the approaching grim reaper.
Franklin, B., Brinks, J., Sacks, R., Trivax, J., & Friedman, H. (2015) · American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.04.024 · Cited by 35
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Multimodal Exercise Benefits Mobility in Older Adults With Visual Impairment: A Preliminary Study
Hackney, M. E., Hall, C. D., Echt, K. V., et al. (2015) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2014-0008 · Cited by 43
Jor’dan, A. J., Poole, V. N., Iloputaife, I., Milberg, W., Manor, B. D., Esterman, M. S., & Lipsitz, L. A. (2017) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glx063 · Cited by 42
Fougère, B., Daumas, M., Lilamand, M., Sourdet, S., Delrieu, J., Vellas, B. J., & van Kan, G. A. (2017) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.06.024 · Cited by 45
RetractedAbe, T., Kitamura, A., Taniguchi, Y., Amano, H., Seino, S., Yokoyama, Y., Nishi, M., Narita, M., Ikeuchi, T., Fujiwara, Y., et al. (2019) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.02.002 · Cited by 47
Kim, S. Y., Kim, M., Jung, H., & Won, C. W. (2019) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2019.08.028 · Cited by 43
Koivunen, K., Sillanpää, E., Munukka, M., Portegijs, E., & Rantanen, T. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glaa224 · Cited by 43
Personalised treatment for older adults with cancer: The role of frailty assessment
O’Donovan, A., & Leech, M. (2020) · Technical Innovations & Patient Support in Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.tipsro.2020.09.001 · Cited by 45
“In particular, gait speed is a significant predictor of mortality across numerous studies [59], and is a relatively simple assessment to complete.”
BackgroundAarden, J. J., Reijnierse, E. M., van der Schaaf, M., van der Esch, M., Reichardt, L. A., van Seben, R., Bosch, J. A., Twisk, J. W. R., Maier, A. B., Engelbert, R. H. H., et al. (2021) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2020.12.006 · Cited by 43
Johnson, S. T., Anens, E., Johansson, A., & Hellström, K. (2020) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/0733464820902652 · Cited by 42
“Selfselected walking speed is associated with survival (Studenski et al., 2011), risk of future falls (Middleton, Fulk, Herter, et al., 2016), and daily ambulatory activity in older adults (Middleton, Fulk, Beets, et al., 2016).”
BackgroundAyoubi, F., Launay, C. P., Kabeshova, A., et al. (2014) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/1743-0003-11-128 · Cited by 42
Gobbens, R. J. J., van Assen, M. A. L. M., & Schalk, R. (2014) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2014.06.008 · Cited by 41
Geriatric perspective: how to assess fitness for chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia
Klepin, H. D. (2014) · Hematology · doi:10.1182/asheducation-2014.1.8 · Cited by 42
Liébana, L. R., Orfila, F., Segura, J. M., Ramirez, A., Möller, M., Fabra, M. L., Lancho, S. L., Bastús, N. B., Foz, G., Fabregat, M. A., et al. (2014) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2318-14-125 · Cited by 42
Hornyak, V., VanSwearingen, J. M., & Brach, J. S. (2012) · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/tgr.0b013e318233e75b · Cited by 42
Aging, the Central Nervous System, and Mobility in Older Adults: Interventions
Varma, V. R., Hausdorff, J. M., Studenski, S. A., Rosano, C., Camicioli, R. M., Alexander, N. B., Chen, W., Lipsitz, L. A., & Carlson, M. C. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glw080 · Cited by 41
Self-citationLayne, A. S., Hsu, F., Blair, S. N., Chen, S.-H., Dungan, J., Fielding, R. A., Glynn, N. W., Hajduk, A. M., King, A. C., Manini, T. M., et al. (2016) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2016.07.019 · Cited by 47
Fairhall, N., Sherrington, C., Cameron, I. D., Kurrle, S. E., Lord, S. R., Lockwood, K. A., & Herbert, R. (2016) · Journal of physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2016.11.007 · Cited by 42
Lund, C. M., Vistisen, K. K., Dehlendorff, C., Rønholt, F., Johansen, J. S., & Nielsen, D. L. (2017) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3445-8 · Cited by 42
Lau, L. K., Wee, S. L., Pang, B. W. J., Chen, K. K., Jabbar, K. B. A., Yap, P. L. K., Mallya, J. U., Ng, D. H. M., Tan, Q. L. L., Seah, W. T., et al. (2020) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s270407 · Cited by 51
“Hence, gait impairment predicts institutionalization and early mortality.(5) Gait assessment is not only applicable to rehabilitation settings, but also relevant to population health screening for early identification of gait abnormality so as to institute interventions to delay functional impairment.”
Using hand grip strength to detect slow walking speed in older adults: the Yilan study
Lin, Y.-H., Chen, H., Hsu, N., & Chou, P. (2021) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-021-02361-0 · Cited by 49
Kitai, T., Shimogai, T., Tang, W. H. W., IWATA, K., Xanthopoulos, A. V., Otsuka, S., Nakada, F., Yokoyama, R., Kamiya, K., Saito, H., et al. (2021) · European Heart Journal Open · doi:10.1093/ehjopen/oeab006 · Cited by 43
Park, W., Lee, V. J., Ku, B., & Tanaka, H. (2014) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2014.01.003 · Cited by 42
Reduced gait stability in high-functioning poststroke individuals
Krasovsky, T., Lamontagne, A., Feldman, A. G., et al. (2012) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00552.2012 · Cited by 42
Sekhar, R. V. (2021) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxab309 · Cited by 42
Effects of concurrent aerobic and resistance exercise in frail and pre-frail older adults
Meng, N., Li, C., Liu, C.-S., Lin, C., Chang, C.-K., Chang, H.-W., Yang, C., Li, T., & Lin, C. (2020) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000021187 · Cited by 41
“Walking speed is associated with survival and considered an important indicator of health and functional status.([31]) In the present study, the walking speed improved in both groups.”
BackgroundNishijima, T. F., Shimokawa, M., Esaki, T., Morita, M., Toh, Y., & Muss, H. B. (2021) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1002/onco.13894 · Cited by 45
“” Mobility was assessed by gait speed measured using a 4-m course and a stopwatch [25].”
MethodListening to the patients’ voice: a conceptual framework of the walking experience
Delgado‐Ortiz, L., Polhemus, A. M., Keogh, A., Sutton, N., Remmele, W., Hansen, C., Kluge, F., Sharrack, B., Becker, C., Troosters, T., et al. (2023) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afac233 · Cited by 41
“…ageing population and the rise of chronic and disabling health conditions worldwide [3] forecast an increase in the proportion of people living with walking impairment, as people tend to slow down and walk less with increasing age [4, 5] and in the presence of diverse health conditions [6–9].”
Chung, E., Lee, S., Lee, H.-J., et al. (2023) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-023-04088-6 · Cited by 41
“Among studies dealing with changes in older adults due to aging, gait studies are important because they can identify or predict clinical abnormalities related to aging [10].”
BackgroundPhysical Performance and Radiographic and Clinical Vertebral Fractures in Older Men
Cawthon, P. M., BLACKWELL, T. L., Marshall, L. M., Fink, H. A., Kado, D. M., Ensrud, K. E., Cauley, J. A., Black, D. M., ORWOLL, E. S., Cummings, S. R., et al. (2014) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.2239 · Cited by 41
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Walking Speed, Risk Factors, and Cardiovascular Events in Older Adults—Systematic Review
Alves, D. J. F., Neto, J. B., Júnior, E. R., Zarricueta, B. S. R., Nóbrega, O. D. T., & Córdova, C. (2017) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002182 · Cited by 44
Clark, D. J., Manini, T. M., Ferris, D. P., Hass, C. J., Brumback, B., Cruz‐Almeida, Y., Pahor, M., Reuter‐Lorenz, P. A., & Seidler, R. D. (2020) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2019.00358 · Cited by 40
Barber, S. J., Hamel, K. A., Ketcham, C., Lui, K., & Taylor-Ketcham, N. R. (2020) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/pag0000440 · Cited by 49
“…impairment (e.g., Buracchio, Dodge, Howieson, Wasserman, & Kaye, 2010; Ojagbemi, D’Este, Verdes, Chatterji, & Gureje, 2015), quality of life (e.g., Hirvensalo, Rantanen, & Heikkinen, 2000), and even mortality (e.g., Hardy, Perera, Roumani, Chandler, & Studenski, 2007; Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialFu, J., Jiang, Z., Hong, Y. A., Liu, S., Kong, D., Zhong, Z., & Luo, Y. (2020) · International Journal of Older People Nursing · doi:10.1111/opn.12349 · Cited by 39
Martínez-Olmos, F. J., Gómez‐Conesa, A., García‐Testal, A., de Villar, L. O., Valtueña‐Gimeno, N., Gil‐Gómez, J., Maset, R. G., & Segura‐Ortí, E. (2021) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfab213 · Cited by 42
Tom, S. E., Cooper, R., Patel, K. V., & Guralnik, J. M. (2011) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e3182292b06 · Cited by 41
Henwood, T. R., Keogh, J., Reid, N., Jordan, W., & Senior, H. (2014) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1007/s13539-014-0144-z · Cited by 40
The effect of different test protocols and walking distances on gait speed in older persons
Krumpoch, S., Lindemann, U., Rappl, A., Becker, C., Sieber, C. C., & Freiberger, E. (2020) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01703-z · Cited by 40
Newman, A. B., Visser, M., Kritchevsky, S. B., Simonsick, E. M., Cawthon, P. M., & Harris, T. B. (2023) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glad167 · Cited by 47
Metadata
- Authors
- Studenski, S.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Studenski, Stephanie
- ORCID
- Studenski, Stephanie
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-01-05
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC3080184
- OpenAlex
- W2159296038
- Semantic Scholar
- 25de2f67035336224c9f1e37f58c5b531d34b9ed
- Cited by
- 4,558
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 377 · 2025: 333 · 2024: 267 · 2023: 311 · 2022: 355 · 2021: 399 · 2020: 389 · 2019: 358 · 2018: 272 · 2017: 301 · 2016: 255 · 2015: 273 · 2014: 243 · 2013: 184 · 2012: 166
- FWCI
- 100.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute on Aging (AG023641, AG 024827, K07AG023641, P30AG024827, P30AG021332)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- walking speed, survival, older adults, life expectancy, physical performance, mortality prediction, goals of care, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Gait, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, United States, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Survival Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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