The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 52 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Gait speed and survival in older adults.
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival. Physical performance measures, such as gait speed, might help account for variability, allowing clinicians to make more individualized estimates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between gait speed and survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies (collected between 1986 and 2000), using individual data from 34,485 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older with baseline gait speed data, followed up for 6 to 21 years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (5.9) years; 59.6%, women; and 79.8%, white; and had a mean (SD) gait speed of 0.92 (0.27) m/s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rates and life expectancy. RESULTS: There were 17,528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%-88.8%) and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.5%-70.6%). Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90; P < .001). Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s. At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women. Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.
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43 Own result · 15 Sources not found · 9 Own interpretation · 7 Own method
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“Stratification by sex-specific median height failed to show systematic differences in survival rates between short and tall participants, so results presented are not stratified by height.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“In some subsets of slow walkers of Hispanic descent, survival rates were 10% to 20% higher than in other groups (eTable 2).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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“Stratification by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic) suggested generally similar survival rates by gait speed among age and sex groups.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<. 001).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The overall HR for survival per each 0.1 m/s faster gait speed was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<.001) when pooled across all studies using a random-effects meta-analytic statistical approach”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · plain
“In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
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In the paper
“Gait speeds of 1.0 m/s or higher consistently demonstrated survival that was longer than expected by age and sex alone.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed added substantially37 to age and sex in 7 of the 9 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.734) that was not significantly different from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (0.732; (P=.95; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Three studies had sufficiently consistent data on functional status at baseline to allow pooling.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Although the sample size of very slow walkers was small, our data suggest that there may be a subpopulation who walk very slowly but survive for long periods.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
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In the paper
“Study follow-up time ranged from 6.0 to 21.0 years, with participants followed up for a mean of 12.2 and a median of 13.8 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Of the total, 59.6% were women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Predicted years of remaining life for each sex and age increased as gait speed increased, with a gait speed of about 0.8 m/s at the median life expectancy at most ages for both sexes (Figure 2; a PDF of enlarged graphs is available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Similarly, there was a wide range of gait speeds, from less than 0.4 m/s (n=1247) to more than 1.4 m/s (n=1491).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,491- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In this older adult population, the relationship of gait speed with remaining years of life was consistent across age groups, but the absolute number of expected remaining years of life was larger at younger ages.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“For 70-year-old men, life expectancy ranged from 7 to 23 years and for women, from 10 to 30 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“There were substantial numbers of African American (n=3852) and Hispanic (n=2650) participants.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 3,852- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Mortality rates appear to be related to length of follow-up (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92 and at age 80 years from 0.22 to 0.86 (eFigure 4B).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For the 3 levels of functional status (independent, difficulty with instrumental ADLs, and dependent in ADLs), the pooled HR per 0.1-m/s increase in gait speed for those who were independent was 0.92 (P= .005), for those with difficulty in instrumental activities was also 0.92 (P<.001) but was 0.94 (P=.02) among those dependent in ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The studies had a wide age range, including 1765 persons older than 85 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,765- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were consistent associations across studies, although given the large sample sizes, Q statistics were often statistically significant (details available in eFigure 1A–M available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Age-adjusted HRs by study ranged from 0.83 to 0.94 and all were significant (P<.001; Figure 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“When dichotomized at a score of 100 into low and high activity, MrOS had consistent and statistically significant HRs for low (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81–0.88) and high (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84–0.90) physical”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the pooled sample, median survival in years for the age groups 65 through 74 years was 12.6 for men and 16.8 for women; for 75 through 84 years, 7.9 for men and 10.5 for women; and for 85 years or older, 4.6 for men and 6.4 years for women (eTable 3 available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with differences in the probability of survival at all ages in both sexes, but was especially informative after age 75 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were 17 528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%–88.8%)and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95%CI, 46.5%–70.6%).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“Further adjustment for sex, BMI, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diseases, prior hospitalization, and self-reported health did not change the results (overall HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.89–0.91; P<.001).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“The 9 participating studies contributed a total of 34 485 participants (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 34,485- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were 17 528 total deaths across all studies, with rates varying from 18.40% to 91.87% in individual studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In the Hispanic EPESE, the HR for low physical activity was significant (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96) but the HR for higher physical activity was not (0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.04).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Pooled HRs for all subgroups except functional status were consistently in the range of 0.81 to 0.92 and all were significant (P<.002).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“C statistics for age, sex, and gait speed were greater than those for age, sex, and chronic diseases in 4 of 9 studies, approximately equivalent in 5 studies and inferior in no studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For 10-year survival, 6 studies had sufficient follow-up time to perform many of the analyses (Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We assessed usual vs fast gait speed in the single study with both measures (Invecciare in Chianti18 study: usual, 0.727 [95% CI, 0.678–0.776]; fast, 0.684 [95% CI, 0.630–0.739]), suggesting that fast walks did not have an advantage in survival prediction over usual-paced walks.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For these studies, gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.741) that was not significantly different (P=.78) from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (P=.75; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed added predictive ability to age and sex in 4 of 6 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In our data, predicted life expectancy at the median for age and sex occurs at about 0.8 m/s; faster gait speeds predict life expectancy beyond the median.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed has been recommended as a potentially useful clinical indicator of well-being among the older adults.14”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because physical activity measures were not sufficiently consistent across studies, effects could not be pooled.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed could be considered a simple and accessible summary indicator of vitality because it integrates known and unrecognized disturbances in multiple organ systems, many of which affect survival.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Only a few models assess overall predictive capacity using C statistics; the reported values are in the range found in the present study (published area under the curve range, 0.66–0.8261 vs this study, 0.717 and 0.737).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because gait speed can be assessed by nonprofessional staff using a 4-m walkway and a stopwatch,21 it is relatively simple to measure compared with many medical assessments.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Several authors have proposed that gait speeds faster than 1.0 m/s suggest healthier aging while gait speeds slower than 0.6 m/s increase the likelihood of poor health and function.7,21”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The participating study cohorts, while large and diverse, do not represent the universe of possible data.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strengths of this study are the very large sample of individual participant data from multiple diverse populations of community-dwelling elders who were followed up for many years and use of consistent measures of performance and outcome.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed might help refine survival estimates in clinical practice or research because it is simple and informative.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the gait speed–survival relationship seems continuous across the entire range, cut points may help interpretation.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, participants in these studies had no prior knowledge about the meaning of walking speed.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Slowing gait may reflect both damaged systems and a high-energy cost of walking.13,39–54”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [40]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [43]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [44]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed, age, and sex may offer the clinician tools for assessing expected survival to contribute to tailoring goals of care in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We were unable to assess the association of physical activity with survival in pooled analyses because measures of activity were highly variable across studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, median years of survival in this study resemble estimates for US adults across the sex and age range assessed.62”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [62]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Prior analyses used single cohorts and presented results as relative rather than absolute risk, as done herein.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Some models use self-reported information but others also include physiological or performance data, for a total of 4 to more than 10 predictive factors.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study has the limitations of observational research; it cannot establish causal relationships and is vulnerable to various forms of healthy volunteer bias.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The research studies analyzed herein used trained staff to measure gait speed. Staffin clinical settings would need initial training and may produce more variable results.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Others propose one cutoff around 0.8 m/s.13”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Long-distance walks have become accepted in some medical fields and may contribute information beyond short walks.66–68”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [66]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [67]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [68]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results found herein suggest that gait speed appears to be especially informative in older persons who report either no function all imitations or only difficulty with instrumental ADLs and may be less helpful for older adults who already report dependence in basic ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Similarly, mortality prediction models have been developed.3–5,57–60”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the longer distance and time to perform the test may limit feasibility in many clinical settings.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function.
“There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function, although several models have been developed from individual data sources.3–5”
The paper relies on this without support.
Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients.
“Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Edmonton Frail Scale is a multi-dimensional assessment instrument that includes the TUGT, and a test for cognitive impairment (108). It is quick to administer (less than 5 minutes) and is valid, reliable and feasible for routine use by non-geriatricians”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, gait speed was associated with survival in pooled analysis of individual data from 9 cohort studies (pooled HR per 0.1 m/s: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87–0.90, P < 0.001) (78).”
From Health Consequences of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Narrative Review (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“including a significant association with survival at increments of 0.1 m/s.84”
In the citing paper
“accumulating evidence from both preclinical studies and recent human clinical trials strongly suggests that Mt have a key role in the pathogenesis of age-related functional decline, marked by slower walking speed.(Hiona and Leeuwenburgh 2008;Studenski, Perera, Patel, Rosano, Faulkner, Inzitari, Brach, Chandler, Cawthon, Connor, Nevitt, Visser, Kritchevsky, Badinelli, Harris, Newman, Cauley, Ferru”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Studenski et al. 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“SPPB, 0.738”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“95% CI, 0.690–0.735”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A). In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92”
Citations
Cites
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DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialQuantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialThe Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data.
Aitkin, M. A., Kalbfleisch, J. D., & Prentice, R. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530581 · Cited by 9,875
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model
Therneau, T. M., & Grambsch, P. M. (2000) · Statistics for Biology and Health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3294-8 · Cited by 8,674
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380 · cited 5×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialStatistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data
Lawless, J. F. (2002) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118033005 · Cited by 4,521
The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale.
Fried, L. P., Borhani, N. O., Enright, P., Furberg, C. D., Gardin, J. M., Kronmal, R. A., Kuller, L. H., Manolio, T. A., Mittelmark, M. B., Newman, A., et al. (1991) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90005-w · Cited by 3,652
Survival Analysis Techniques for Censored and Truncated Data
Rao, M. B., Klein, J. P., & Moeschberger, M. L. (1998) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270658 · Cited by 3,617
The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation
Washburn, R. A., Smith, K. W., Jette, A. M., & Janney, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4 · Cited by 3,256 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 4,515
Identification of Sarcopenia Components That Discriminate Slow Walking Speed: A Pooled Data Analysis
Manini, T. M., Patel, S., Newman, A. B., Travison, T. G., Kiel, D. P., Shardell, M. D., Pencina, K. M., Wilson, K. E., Kelly, T. L., Massaro, J. M., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.16524 · Cited by 60
“These were performed as sensitivity analyses and to address the variability of walk speed cut points noted in the literature.(17,20,21)”
MethodStudy of Longitudinal Aging in Mice: Presentation of Experimental Techniques
Palliyaguru, D. L., Teixeira, C. V. L., Duregon, E., Germanio, C. D., Alfaras, I., Mitchell, S. J., Navas‐Enamorado, I., Shiroma, E. J., Studenski, S. A., Bernier, M., et al. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glaa285 · Cited by 62
“Aging is also associated with progressive comorbidities such as frailty (6) and reduced gait speed (7) that play an important role in age-related functional decline in older adults.”
BackgroundSelf-citationComparing the prognostic value of geriatric health indicators: a population-based study
Zucchelli, A., Vetrano, D. L., Grande, G., Calderón-Larrañaga, A., Fratiglioni, L., Marengoni, A., & Rizzuto, D. (2019) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1418-2 · Cited by 55
Tatangelo, T., Muollo, V., Ghiotto, L., Schena, F. F., & Rossi, A. P. (2022) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2022.111902 · Cited by 67
Lyons, J. G., Heeren, T., Stuver, S. O., & Fredman, L. (2014) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264314556987 · Cited by 59
Association of Frailty With Body Composition Among Patients on Hemodialysis
Delgado, C., Doyle, J., & Johansen, K. L. (2013) · Journal of Renal Nutrition · doi:10.1053/j.jrn.2013.02.010 · Cited by 59
Quality of life among menopausal women
Mohamed, H. A. E., Lamadah, S. M., & Zamil, L. G. A. (2014) · International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.5455/2320-1770.ijrcog20140906 · Cited by 60
Buford, T. W., Manini, T. M., Hsu, F., Cesari, M., Anton, S. D., Nayfield, S., Stafford, R. S., Church, T. S., Pahor, M., & Carter, C. S. (2012) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04045.x · Cited by 60
Regression Model-Based Walking Speed Estimation Using Wrist-Worn Inertial Sensor
Zihajehzadeh, S., & Park, E. J. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165211 · Cited by 59
Diabetic Myopathy: current molecular understanding of this novel neuromuscular disorder
Monaco, C. M. F., Perry, C. G. R., & Hawke, T. J. (2017) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000000479 · Cited by 62
Ardle, R. M., on behalf of the Deep and Frequent Phenotyping study team (http://www.dementiastudy.co.uk), Morris, R., Hickey, A., Din, S. D., Koychev, I. G., Gunn, R. N., Lawson, J., Zamboni, G., Ridha, B. H., et al. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-171116 · Cited by 59
“Reduced gait speed is linked to falls, mortality, and cognitive decline [5].”
Gait modification when decreasing double support percentage
Williams, D. S., & Martin, A. E. (2019) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.05.028 · Cited by 59
Nutrition and frailty: Current knowledge
Féart, C. (2019) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109703 · Cited by 63
Wilson, K. A., Beck, J. N., Nelson, C. S., Hilsabeck, T. A. U., Promislow, D., Brem, R. B., & Kapahi, P. (2020) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.020 · Cited by 63
Relationship Between Renal Function and Physical Performance in Elderly Hospitalized Patients
Lattanzio, F., Corsonello, A., Abbatecola, A. M., Volpato, S., Pedone, C., Pranno, L., Laino, I., Garasto, S., Corica, F., Passarino, G., et al. (2012) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2012.1329 · Cited by 57
Personality and Walking Speed Across Adulthood
Stéphan, Y., Sutin, A. R., Bovier-Lapierre, G., & Terracciano, A. (2017) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550617725152 · Cited by 59
Huang, Y.-P., Peng, H., Wang, X., Chen, Z., & Song, C. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237382 · Cited by 60
“It was suggested that the arch-support insole provided better support for the midfoot, which effectively shortened the stance time when walking on a level treadmill and may increase the gait speed when walking on the level ground [34].”
BackgroundWhy is living alone in older age related to increased mortality risk? A longitudinal cohort study
Abell, J. G., & Steptoe, A. (2021) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afab155 · Cited by 64
“Impaired mobility was another important factor accounting in part for the links between living alone and mortality risk [27].”
BackgroundUnexplained anemia of aging: Etiology, health consequences, and diagnostic criteria
Guralnik, J. M., Ershler, W. B., Artz, A. S., Lazo‐Langner, A., Walston, J. D., Pahor, M., Ferrucci, L., & Evans, W. J. (2021) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.17565 · Cited by 63
“independently associated with health-related outcomes and mortality risk.(30) This simple assessment is so strongly linked to health-related outcomes in geriatric patients that it has been termed the “sixth vital sign.”
BackgroundNovak, V., Mantzoros, C. S., Novák, P., McGlinchey, R. E., Dai, W., Lioutas, V., Buss, S. S., Fortier, C. B., Khan, F. A., Becerra, L. A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-022-11119-6 · Cited by 63
Scott, D. S., Stuart, A. L., Kay, D., Ebeling, P. R., Nicholson, G. C., & Sanders, K. M. (2013) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2013.11.004 · Cited by 59
Hearing, mobility, and pain predict mortality: a longitudinal population-based study
Feeny, D. H., Huguet, N., McFarland, B. H., Kaplan, M. S., Orpana, H., & Eckstrom, E. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.01.003 · Cited by 58
Walking Cadence and Mortality Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Brown, J. C., Harhay, M. O., & Harhay, M. N. (2014) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-014-2926-6 · Cited by 58
Tessier, A., Wing, S. S., Rahme, E., Morais, J. A., & Chevalier, S. (2019) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12462 · Cited by 60
“Studies have found gait speed to be strongly associated with adverse outcomes including disability, falls, and mortality.(24,25) Subjects were asked to walk a 4 m distance at their regular pace.”
Backgroundde Lima, T. A., Ferreira, R. M., Alves, W. M. G. D. C., Alves, T. G. G., Pimentel, C. P., de Sousa, E. C., Abrahin, O., & Cortinhas‐Alves, E. A. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13528 · Cited by 67
“Group F(2, 31); P‐value Time F(2, 31); P‐value Group x Time F(2, 31); P‐value”
UWB/BLE Tracking System for Elderly People Monitoring
Kołakowski, J., Djaja-Jośko, V., Kołakowski, M., & Broczek, K. M. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20061574 · Cited by 61
Viceconti, M., Penna, S. H., Dartee, W., Mazzà, C., Caulfield, B., Becker, C., Maetzler, W., García‐Aymerich, J., Davico, G., & Rochester, L. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20205920 · Cited by 57
Ramirez-Campillo, R., Díaz, D., Martínez, C., Valdés-Badilla, P., Delgado-Floody, P., Méndez-Rebolledo, G., Cañas-Jamet, R., Cristi-Montero, C., García-Hermoso, A., Celis-Morales, C., et al. (2016) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s121313 · Cited by 56
Measuring markers of aging and knee osteoarthritis gait using inertial measurement units
Hafer, J. F., Provenzano, S. G., Kern, K. L., Agresta, C. E., Grant, J. A., & Zernicke, R. F. (2019) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109567 · Cited by 58
Cardiac Rehabilitation in Frail Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease
Flint, K. M., Stevens‐Lapsley, J. E., & Forman, D. E. (2020) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000492 · Cited by 57
Wilson, K. A., Chamoli, M., Hilsabeck, T. A. U., Pandey, M., Bansal, S., Chawla, G., & Kapahi, P. (2021) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.018 · Cited by 57
“, 2002), though its role as a predictor of mortality is questionable (Studenski et al., 2011) because most aged humans have multiple disabilities, imposing frailty by different means (Clegg et al.”
BackgroundDenfeld, Q. E., Jha, S. R., Fung, E., Jaarsma, T., Maurer, M. S., Reeves, G. R., Afilalo, J., Beerli, N., Bellumkonda, L., Geest, S. D., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation · doi:10.1016/j.healun.2023.09.013 · Cited by 71
Improvements in Sleep Quality and Gait Speed After Cataract Surgery
Ayaki, M., Muramatsu, M., Negishi, K., & Tsubota, K. (2012) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2012.1369 · Cited by 58
Fragoso, C. A. V., Beavers, D. P., Hankinson, J., Flynn, G. M., Berra, K. A., Kritchevsky, S. B., Liu, C., McDermott, M. M., Manini, T. M., Rejeski, W. J., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12738 · Cited by 56
Taveggia, G., Villafañe, J. H., Vavassori, F., et al. (2014) · Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2013.09.007 · Cited by 57
Egerton, T., Thingstad, P., & Helbostad, J. L. (2014) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-542 · Cited by 58
Mignardot, J.-B., Deschamps, T., Barrey, É., Auvinet, B., Berrut, G., Cornu, C., Constans, T., & de Decker, L. (2014) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00022 · Cited by 62
Makiura, D., Ono, R., Inoue, J., Fukuta, A., Kashiwa, M., Miura, Y., Oshikiri, T., Nakamura, T., Kakeji, Y., & Sakai, Y. (2017) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-017-6294-4 · Cited by 57
Tarantini, S., Yabluchanksiy, A., Fülöp, G. Á., Hertelendy, P., Valcarcel‐Ares, M. N., Kiss, T., Bagwell, J. M., O’Connor, D., Farkas, E., Sorond, F. A., et al. (2017) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-017-0003-x · Cited by 55
Gait Speed and Mobility Disability: Revisiting Meaningful Levels in Diverse Clinical Populations
Miller, M. E., Magaziner, J., Marsh, A. P., Fielding, R. A., Gill, T. M., King, A. C., Kritchevsky, S. B., Manini, T. M., McDermott, M. M., Neiberg, R. H., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15331 · Cited by 56
Dvoretskiy, S., Lieblein‐Boff, J. C., Jonnalagadda, S. S., Atherton, P. J., Phillips, B. E., & Pereira, S. L. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12030715 · Cited by 60
Coelho‐Júnior, H. J., Uchida, M. C., Picca, A., Bernabei, R., Landi, F., Calvani, R., Cesari, M., & Marzetti, E. (2021) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-021-01802-5 · Cited by 66
Cella, A., Luca, A. D., Squeri, V., Parodi, S., Vallone, F., Giorgeschi, A., Senesi, B., Zigoura, E., Guerrero, K. L. Q., Siri, G., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234904 · Cited by 55
“Physical performance was evaluated by means of Tinetti’s Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) [19], the Timed Up & Go (TUG) [20], Gait Speed (GS) [21] and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) tests [22].”
MethodStewart, R., Szalewska, D., She, L., Lee, K. L., Drazner, M. H., Lubiszewska, B., Kosevic, D., Ruengsakulrach, P., Nicolau, J. C., Coutu, B., et al. (2014) · JACC Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2014.02.009 · Cited by 58
Operationalizing frailty among older residents of assisted living facilities
Freiheit, E., Hogan, D. B., Strain, L. A., Schmaltz, H. N., Patten, S. B., Eliasziw, M., & Maxwell, C. J. (2011) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2318-11-23 · Cited by 56
Albert, S. M., Bear‐Lehman, J., & Anderson, S. (2014) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glu088 · Cited by 56
Stansfield, B. W., Hajarnis, M., & Sudarshan, R. (2014) · Medical Engineering & Physics · doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2014.10.003 · Cited by 60
Optimizing the Benefits of Exercise on Physical Function in Older Adults
Buford, T. W., Anton, S. D., Clark, D. J., Higgins, T. J., & Cooke, M. B. (2013) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2013.11.009 · Cited by 60
Role of APOE Genotype in Gait Decline and Disability in Aging
Verghese, J., Holtzer, R., Wang, C., Katz, M., Barzilai, N., & Lipton, R. B. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glt115 · Cited by 56
Krall, J. R., Carlson, M. C., Fried, L. P., & Xue, Q. (2014) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwu198 · Cited by 61
Instruments to Assess Mobility Limitation in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Chung, J., Demiris, G., & Thompson, H. J. (2014) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2013-0181 · Cited by 57
Effect of age and sex on jumping mechanography and other measures of muscle mass and function.
Siglinsky, E., Krueger, D. C., Ward, R. E., Caserotti, P., Strotmeyer, E. S., Harris, T. B., Binkley, N., & Buehring, B. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 55
Determination of the Minimal Important Change in the Life‐Space Assessment
Kennedy, R., ALMUTAIRI, M. K., Williams, C., Sawyer, P., Allman, R. M., & Brown, C. J. (2018) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15707 · Cited by 56
“Loss of mobility is associated with higher rates of functional decline, institutionalization, and mortality.(2,3) Mobility is also strongly correlated with quality of life,(4) and many older adults view mobility as an important component of successful aging.”
BackgroundHospitalization-Associated Change in Gait Speed and Risk of Functional Limitations for Older Adults
Duan‐Porter, W., Vo, T., Ullman, K. E., Langsetmo, L., Strotmeyer, E. S., Taylor, B. C., Santanasto, A. J., Cawthon, P. M., Newman, A. B., Simonsick, E. M., et al. (2019) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glz027 · Cited by 56
“For community-dwelling older adults, slower gait speed predicts increased risk for death, hospitalization, and the need for long-term nursing care (15,23,31,34).”
BackgroundMethodHuffman, D. M., Justice, J. N., Stout, M. B., Kirkland, J. L., Barzilai, N., & Austad, S. N. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glw106 · Cited by 52
Harper, S. A., Bassler, J. R., Peramsetty, S., Yang, Y., Roberts, L. M., Drummer, D. J., Mankowski, R. T., Leeuwenburgh, C., Ricart, K. C., Patel, R. P., et al. (2020) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2020.111111 · Cited by 56
Wallengren, O., Bosaeus, I. G., Frändin, K., Lissner, L., Falk, H., Wetterberg, H., Sterner, T. R., Rydén, L., Rothenberg, E. M., & Skoog, I. G. (2021) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-021-02533-y · Cited by 59
“4 to 6 m) and usually with a standing start [43, 46].”
BackgroundPortegijs, E., Edgren, J., Salpakoski, A., Kallinen, M., Rantanen, T., Alén, M., Kiviranta, I., Sihvonen, S. E., & Sipilä, S. (2012) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2012.05.022 · Cited by 56
Chen, M. A. (2015) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2015.01.006 · Cited by 53
Warren, M., Ganley, K., & Pohl, P. S. (2016) · Preventive medicine reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.06.005 · Cited by 53
“It wasproposed that this link has a physiologic basis (Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialOdden, M. C., Peralta, C. A., Berlowitz, D. R., Johnson, K., Whittle, J., Kitzman, D. W., Beddhu, S., Nord, J. W., Papademetriou, V., Williamson, J. D., et al. (2017) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.9104 · Cited by 56
Maekawa, K., Ikeuchi, T., Shinkai, S., et al. (2020) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.13911 · Cited by 55
Jankovic, J. J. (2014) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2014.09.007 · Cited by 55
Shpakov, A. O., Zorina, I. I., & Derkach, K. V. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24043278 · Cited by 59
“A decrease in walking speed, including in elderly patients with T2DM, positively correlates with impaired cerebral circulation (brain hypoperfusion) [283] and can be considered as a predictor of cognitive impairment and senile dementia [284].”
BackgroundMeaningful Improvement in Gait Speed in Hip Fracture Recovery
Alley, D. E., Hicks, G. E., Shardell, M., Hawkes, W., Miller, R., Craik, R. L., Mangione, K. K., Orwig, D., Hochberg, M., Resnick, B., et al. (2011) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03560.x · Cited by 54
Plasma heat shock protein 72 as a biomarker of sarcopenia in elderly people
Ogawa, K., Kim, H.-K., Shimizu, T., Abe, S., Shiga, Y., & Calderwood, S. K. (2011) · Cell Stress and Chaperones · doi:10.1007/s12192-011-0310-6 · Cited by 58
Fear Avoidance Beliefs Predict Disability in Older Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain
Camacho‐Soto, A., Sowa, G., Perera, S., & Weiner, D. K. (2012) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.01.017 · Cited by 54
Dodson, J. A., Arnold, S. V., GOSCH, K. L., Gill, T. M., Spertus, J. A., Krumholz, H. M., Rich, M. W., Chaudhry, S. I., Forman, D. E., Masoudi, F. A., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.14016 · Cited by 55
Physical Behavior in Older Persons during Daily Life: Insights from Instrumented Shoes
el Achkar, C. M., Lenoble-Hoskovec, C., Paraschiv-Ionescu, A., Major, K., Büla, C., & Aminian, K. (2016) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s16081225 · Cited by 55
“Gait parameters such as stride velocity and cadence have been associated with mortality [28,29], whereas foot clearance might reveal different obstacle avoidance strategies in young and elderly subjects [30].”
BackgroundMañas, A., Cruz, B. D. P., Ekelund, U., Losa‐Reyna, J., Rodríguez‐Gómez, I., Carnicero, J. A. C., Rodríguez‐Mañas, L., García‐García, F. J., & Ara, I. (2021) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2021.05.004 · Cited by 56
“Previous investigations have reported that higher walking speeds performed through field tests were associated with a lower risk of mortality.(27,28) However, these studies were not conducted in free-living conditions.”
BackgroundTrajectories of frailty in aging: Prospective cohort study
Verghese, J., Ayers, E. I., Sathyan, S., Lipton, R. B., Milman, S., Barzilai, N., & Wang, C. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253976 · Cited by 53
“The clinical relevance of identifying frailty trajectories versus a single timepoint measure of frailty is supported by the higher mortality seen with worsening trajectories, even after accounting for baseline frailty level and several well-established survival predictors such as age, chronic illnesses and walking spe…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialReference Values for 7 Different Protocols of Simple Functional Tests: A Multicenter Study
Furlanetto, K. C., Correia, N. S., Mesquita, R., Morita, A. A., do Amaral, D. P., Mont’Alverne, D. G. B., Pereira, D. M., Pitta, F. D. O., & Corso, S. D. (2021) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2021.08.009 · Cited by 67
Aubert, C. E., Kabeto, M. U., Kumar, N., & Wei, M. Y. (2022) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03548-9 · Cited by 53
Files, D. C., Sanchez, M. A., & Morris, P. E. (2015) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-015-0979-5 · Cited by 53
Gait characteristics in individuals with intellectual disabilities: A literature review
Almuhtaseb, S., Oppewal, A., & Hilgenkamp, T. I. M. (2014) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.07.017 · Cited by 53
Pohl, P., Nordin, E., Lundquist, A., Bergström, U., & Lundin‐Olsson, L. (2014) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2318-14-120 · Cited by 52
Change in Fast Walking Speed Preceding Death: Results From a Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study
Sabia, S., Dumurgier, J., Tavernier, B., Head, J. A., Tzourio, C., & Elbaz, A. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glt114 · Cited by 56
A comparison of straight- and curved-path walking tests among mobility-limited older adults.
Odonkor, C., Thomas, J., Holt, N. E., Latham, N., VanSwearingen, J., Brach, J., Leveille, S. G., Jette, A., & Bean, J. (2013) · The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glt060 · Cited by 49
Temporal Relationship Between Cognitive and Physical Performance in Middle-Aged to Oldest Old People
Stijntjes, M., Aartsen, M., Taekema, D. G., Gussekloo, J., Huisman, M. A., Meskers, C. G. M., de Craen, A. J. M., & Maier, A. B. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glw133 · Cited by 53
“This was particularly shown in gait speed, which emphasizes the role of gait speed as important indicator of health status (31,32).”
BackgroundKrasovsky, T., Weiss, P. L., & Kizony, R. (2016) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.12.027 · Cited by 53
Urbanek, J. K., Zipunnikov, V., Harris, T. B., Crainiceanu, C. M., Harezlak, J., & Glynn, N. W. (2017) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glx174 · Cited by 52
Prenton, S., Hollands, K. L., Kenney, L. P. J., & Onmanee, P. (2017) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/16501977-2289 · Cited by 53
“via restoration of motor function or compensation (56).”
BackgroundJayaraman, C., Hoppe-Ludwig, S., Deems-Dluhy, S., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00134 · Cited by 53
“Higher walking speed/endurance is generally related to higher quality of living in older adults (Studenski et al., 2011; Busch Tde et al., 2015).”
BackgroundPicca, A., Mankowski, R. T., Kamenov, G. D., Anton, S. D., Manini, T. M., Buford, T. W., Saini, S. K., Calvani, R., Landi, F., Bernabei, R., et al. (2019) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells8121525 · Cited by 55
Nyúl‐Tóth, Á., Tarantini, S., Kiss, T., Tóth, P., Galván, V., Tarantini, A., Yabluchanskiy, A., Csiszár, A., & Ungvari, Z. I. (2020) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-020-00256-3 · Cited by 52
Houston, D. K., Neiberg, R. H., Miller, M. E., Hill, J. O., Jakicic, J. M., Johnson, K. C., Gregg, E. W., Hubbard, V. S., Pi-Sunyer, X., Rejeski, W. J., et al. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology: Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glx204 · Cited by 52
Bodilsen, A. C., Klausen, H. H., Petersen, J., Beyer, N., Andersen, O., Jørgensen, L. M., Juul‐Larsen, H. G., & Bandholm, T. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154350 · Cited by 52
“For HGS and GS, prognostic accuracy was quantified according to cut-offs from the literature used to identify older communityliving adults at risk of various adverse health events, including functional decline [11,27], mobility limitations [13,15,17,18,46] and death [11,13,27,47].”
MethodBerthelot, G., Johnson, S., Noirez, P., Antero, J., Marck, A., Desgorces, F.-D., Pifferi, F., Carter, P. A., Spedding, M., Singh‐Manoux, A., et al. (2019) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-019-0375-8 · Cited by 57
Tamulevičiūtė-Prascienė, E., Beigienė, A., Thompson, M. J., Balnė, K., Kubilius, R., & Bjarnason‐Wehrens, B. (2021) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-020-01964-3 · Cited by 54
Bytyçi, I., & Henein, M. Y. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10122670 · Cited by 52
“among older adults and to reflect health and functional status [9,10].”
BackgroundGait Impairment in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Dever, A., Powell, D., Graham, L., Mason, R., Das, J., Marshall, S. J., Vitório, R., Godfrey, A., & Stuart, S. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22041480 · Cited by 56
“Gait provides a simple marker for an individual’s overall health and is a widely accepted predictor of quality of life, decline of cognitive proficiency and falls [51].”
BackgroundArshad, M. Z., Jamsrandorj, A., Kim, J., & Mun, K.-R. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22218226 · Cited by 60
“THE gait of the elderly is abundant with health information on not only their current status but also the potential health risk they are at [1].”
BackgroundTian, Y., & Shi, Z. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11216514 · Cited by 52
“In addition, impaired physical function was strongly associated with individual disability [6] and increased risk of mortality [7,8] and can also affect the ability of middle-aged and older adults to care for themselves and live independently [9], as they often require more daily assistance and health care [10,11].”
BackgroundBaptista, G., Dupuy, A., Jaussent, A., Durant, R., Ventura, E., Sauguet, P., Picot, M., Jeandel, C., & Cristol, J. (2012) · Free Radical Research · doi:10.3109/10715762.2012.692784 · Cited by 52
Lumbar lordosis angle (LLA) and leg strength predict walking ability in elderly males
Miyazaki, J., Murata, S., Horie, J., Uematsu, A., Hortobágyi, T., & Suzuki, S. (2012) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2012.09.004 · Cited by 52
Peters, D. M., Middleton, A., Donley, J. W., Blanck, E. L., & Fritz, S. L. (2013) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.3109/09593985.2013.845805 · Cited by 52
Barbour, K. E., Lui, L., McCulloch, C. E., Ensrud, K. E., Cawthon, P. M., Yaffe, K. S., Barnes, D. E., Fredman, L., Newman, A. B., Cummings, S. R., et al. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glw071 · Cited by 52
“In regards to mortality, two large meta-analyses found that slower walking speed and chair stand time, respectively, were associated with an increased risk of mortality (7,8).”
BackgroundSuire, C. N., Eitan, E., Shaffer, N. C., Tian, Q., Studenski, S. A., Mattson, M. P., & Kapogiannis, D. (2017) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.024 · Cited by 55
“Walking speed has been shown to predict mortality, disability, cognitive decline, dementia and health care utilization (Artaud et al., 2015; Best et al., 2016; Dumurgier et al., 2016; Perera et al., 2016; Studenski et al., 2011; Studenski et al., 2003; White et al., 2013).”
Self-citationBuehring, B., Siglinsky, E., Krueger, D. C., Evans, W. J., Hellerstein, M. K., Yamada, Y., & Binkley, N. (2017) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-017-4315-6 · Cited by 57
Real-Time Gait Analysis Using a Single Head-Worn Inertial Measurement Unit
Hwang, T., Reh, J., Effenberg, A. O., & Blume, H. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics · doi:10.1109/tce.2018.2843289 · Cited by 52
“Gait speed is regarded as a vital sign, such as temperature, blood pressure and heart-beat rate [1], because of the strong correlation between the gait speed and seniors’ motility [2].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Studenski, S.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Studenski, Stephanie
- ORCID
- Studenski, Stephanie
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-01-05
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC3080184
- OpenAlex
- W2159296038
- Semantic Scholar
- 25de2f67035336224c9f1e37f58c5b531d34b9ed
- Cited by
- 4,558
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 377 · 2025: 333 · 2024: 267 · 2023: 311 · 2022: 355 · 2021: 399 · 2020: 389 · 2019: 358 · 2018: 272 · 2017: 301 · 2016: 255 · 2015: 273 · 2014: 243 · 2013: 184 · 2012: 166
- FWCI
- 100.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute on Aging (AG023641, AG 024827, K07AG023641, P30AG024827, P30AG021332)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- walking speed, survival, older adults, life expectancy, physical performance, mortality prediction, goals of care, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Gait, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, United States, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Survival Analysis
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