The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 52 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Gait speed and survival in older adults.
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival. Physical performance measures, such as gait speed, might help account for variability, allowing clinicians to make more individualized estimates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between gait speed and survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies (collected between 1986 and 2000), using individual data from 34,485 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older with baseline gait speed data, followed up for 6 to 21 years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (5.9) years; 59.6%, women; and 79.8%, white; and had a mean (SD) gait speed of 0.92 (0.27) m/s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rates and life expectancy. RESULTS: There were 17,528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%-88.8%) and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.5%-70.6%). Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90; P < .001). Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s. At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women. Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
43 Own result · 15 Sources not found · 9 Own interpretation · 7 Own method
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stratification by sex-specific median height failed to show systematic differences in survival rates between short and tall participants, so results presented are not stratified by height.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In some subsets of slow walkers of Hispanic descent, survival rates were 10% to 20% higher than in other groups (eTable 2).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stratification by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic) suggested generally similar survival rates by gait speed among age and sex groups.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<. 001).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The overall HR for survival per each 0.1 m/s faster gait speed was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<.001) when pooled across all studies using a random-effects meta-analytic statistical approach”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · plain
“In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelationaln = 9- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speeds of 1.0 m/s or higher consistently demonstrated survival that was longer than expected by age and sex alone.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed added substantially37 to age and sex in 7 of the 9 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.734) that was not significantly different from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (0.732; (P=.95; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three studies had sufficiently consistent data on functional status at baseline to allow pooling.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the sample size of very slow walkers was small, our data suggest that there may be a subpopulation who walk very slowly but survive for long periods.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 30
- It may state two separate claims as one. 40
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Study follow-up time ranged from 6.0 to 21.0 years, with participants followed up for a mean of 12.2 and a median of 13.8 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the total, 59.6% were women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Predicted years of remaining life for each sex and age increased as gait speed increased, with a gait speed of about 0.8 m/s at the median life expectancy at most ages for both sexes (Figure 2; a PDF of enlarged graphs is available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, there was a wide range of gait speeds, from less than 0.4 m/s (n=1247) to more than 1.4 m/s (n=1491).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,491- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this older adult population, the relationship of gait speed with remaining years of life was consistent across age groups, but the absolute number of expected remaining years of life was larger at younger ages.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For 70-year-old men, life expectancy ranged from 7 to 23 years and for women, from 10 to 30 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were substantial numbers of African American (n=3852) and Hispanic (n=2650) participants.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 3,852- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mortality rates appear to be related to length of follow-up (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92 and at age 80 years from 0.22 to 0.86 (eFigure 4B).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the 3 levels of functional status (independent, difficulty with instrumental ADLs, and dependent in ADLs), the pooled HR per 0.1-m/s increase in gait speed for those who were independent was 0.92 (P= .005), for those with difficulty in instrumental activities was also 0.92 (P<.001) but was 0.94 (P=.02) among those dependent in ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The studies had a wide age range, including 1765 persons older than 85 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,765- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were consistent associations across studies, although given the large sample sizes, Q statistics were often statistically significant (details available in eFigure 1A–M available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Age-adjusted HRs by study ranged from 0.83 to 0.94 and all were significant (P<.001; Figure 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When dichotomized at a score of 100 into low and high activity, MrOS had consistent and statistically significant HRs for low (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81–0.88) and high (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84–0.90) physical”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the pooled sample, median survival in years for the age groups 65 through 74 years was 12.6 for men and 16.8 for women; for 75 through 84 years, 7.9 for men and 10.5 for women; and for 85 years or older, 4.6 for men and 6.4 years for women (eTable 3 available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with differences in the probability of survival at all ages in both sexes, but was especially informative after age 75 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were 17 528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%–88.8%)and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95%CI, 46.5%–70.6%).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further adjustment for sex, BMI, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diseases, prior hospitalization, and self-reported health did not change the results (overall HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.89–0.91; P<.001).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The 9 participating studies contributed a total of 34 485 participants (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 34,485- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were 17 528 total deaths across all studies, with rates varying from 18.40% to 91.87% in individual studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the Hispanic EPESE, the HR for low physical activity was significant (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96) but the HR for higher physical activity was not (0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.04).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pooled HRs for all subgroups except functional status were consistently in the range of 0.81 to 0.92 and all were significant (P<.002).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“C statistics for age, sex, and gait speed were greater than those for age, sex, and chronic diseases in 4 of 9 studies, approximately equivalent in 5 studies and inferior in no studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For 10-year survival, 6 studies had sufficient follow-up time to perform many of the analyses (Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We assessed usual vs fast gait speed in the single study with both measures (Invecciare in Chianti18 study: usual, 0.727 [95% CI, 0.678–0.776]; fast, 0.684 [95% CI, 0.630–0.739]), suggesting that fast walks did not have an advantage in survival prediction over usual-paced walks.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For these studies, gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.741) that was not significantly different (P=.78) from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (P=.75; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed added predictive ability to age and sex in 4 of 6 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In our data, predicted life expectancy at the median for age and sex occurs at about 0.8 m/s; faster gait speeds predict life expectancy beyond the median.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Gait speed has been recommended as a potentially useful clinical indicator of well-being among the older adults.14”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because physical activity measures were not sufficiently consistent across studies, effects could not be pooled.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed could be considered a simple and accessible summary indicator of vitality because it integrates known and unrecognized disturbances in multiple organ systems, many of which affect survival.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Only a few models assess overall predictive capacity using C statistics; the reported values are in the range found in the present study (published area under the curve range, 0.66–0.8261 vs this study, 0.717 and 0.737).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because gait speed can be assessed by nonprofessional staff using a 4-m walkway and a stopwatch,21 it is relatively simple to measure compared with many medical assessments.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Several authors have proposed that gait speeds faster than 1.0 m/s suggest healthier aging while gait speeds slower than 0.6 m/s increase the likelihood of poor health and function.7,21”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The participating study cohorts, while large and diverse, do not represent the universe of possible data.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strengths of this study are the very large sample of individual participant data from multiple diverse populations of community-dwelling elders who were followed up for many years and use of consistent measures of performance and outcome.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed might help refine survival estimates in clinical practice or research because it is simple and informative.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the gait speed–survival relationship seems continuous across the entire range, cut points may help interpretation.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, participants in these studies had no prior knowledge about the meaning of walking speed.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Slowing gait may reflect both damaged systems and a high-energy cost of walking.13,39–54”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [40]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [43]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [44]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed, age, and sex may offer the clinician tools for assessing expected survival to contribute to tailoring goals of care in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We were unable to assess the association of physical activity with survival in pooled analyses because measures of activity were highly variable across studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, median years of survival in this study resemble estimates for US adults across the sex and age range assessed.62”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [62]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Prior analyses used single cohorts and presented results as relative rather than absolute risk, as done herein.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Some models use self-reported information but others also include physiological or performance data, for a total of 4 to more than 10 predictive factors.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study has the limitations of observational research; it cannot establish causal relationships and is vulnerable to various forms of healthy volunteer bias.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The research studies analyzed herein used trained staff to measure gait speed. Staffin clinical settings would need initial training and may produce more variable results.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Others propose one cutoff around 0.8 m/s.13”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Long-distance walks have become accepted in some medical fields and may contribute information beyond short walks.66–68”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [66]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [67]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [68]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results found herein suggest that gait speed appears to be especially informative in older persons who report either no function all imitations or only difficulty with instrumental ADLs and may be less helpful for older adults who already report dependence in basic ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Similarly, mortality prediction models have been developed.3–5,57–60”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the longer distance and time to perform the test may limit feasibility in many clinical settings.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function.
“There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function, although several models have been developed from individual data sources.3–5”
The paper relies on this without support.
Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients.
“Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Edmonton Frail Scale is a multi-dimensional assessment instrument that includes the TUGT, and a test for cognitive impairment (108). It is quick to administer (less than 5 minutes) and is valid, reliable and feasible for routine use by non-geriatricians”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, gait speed was associated with survival in pooled analysis of individual data from 9 cohort studies (pooled HR per 0.1 m/s: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87–0.90, P < 0.001) (78).”
From Health Consequences of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Narrative Review (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“including a significant association with survival at increments of 0.1 m/s.84”
In the citing paper
“accumulating evidence from both preclinical studies and recent human clinical trials strongly suggests that Mt have a key role in the pathogenesis of age-related functional decline, marked by slower walking speed.(Hiona and Leeuwenburgh 2008;Studenski, Perera, Patel, Rosano, Faulkner, Inzitari, Brach, Chandler, Cawthon, Connor, Nevitt, Visser, Kritchevsky, Badinelli, Harris, Newman, Cauley, Ferru”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Studenski et al. 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“SPPB, 0.738”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“95% CI, 0.690–0.735”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A). In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92”
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialQuantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialThe Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data.
Aitkin, M. A., Kalbfleisch, J. D., & Prentice, R. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530581 · Cited by 9,875
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model
Therneau, T. M., & Grambsch, P. M. (2000) · Statistics for Biology and Health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3294-8 · Cited by 8,674
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380 · cited 5×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialStatistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data
Lawless, J. F. (2002) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118033005 · Cited by 4,521
The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale.
Fried, L. P., Borhani, N. O., Enright, P., Furberg, C. D., Gardin, J. M., Kronmal, R. A., Kuller, L. H., Manolio, T. A., Mittelmark, M. B., Newman, A., et al. (1991) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90005-w · Cited by 3,652
Survival Analysis Techniques for Censored and Truncated Data
Rao, M. B., Klein, J. P., & Moeschberger, M. L. (1998) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270658 · Cited by 3,617
The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation
Washburn, R. A., Smith, K. W., Jette, A. M., & Janney, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4 · Cited by 3,256 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,101–1,200 of 4,515
Tsutsumimoto, K., Makizako, H., Doi, T., Hotta, R., Nakakubo, S., Shimada, H., & Suzuki, T. (2016) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4461 · Cited by 36
“, 2009), placement in long-term care, and all causes of mortality (Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundResultTransition Between the Timed up and Go Turn to Sit Subtasks: Is Timing Everything?
Weiss, A., Mirelman, A., Giladi, N., Barnes, L. L., Bennett, D. A., Buchman, A. S., & Hausdorff, J. M. (2016) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2016.06.025 · Cited by 38
GAIT SPEED AND OPERATIVE MORTALITY IN OLDER ADULTS FOLLOWING CARDIAC SURGERY
Afilalo, J., Kim, S., O'Brien, S., Brennan, J. M., Edwards, F. H., Mack, M. J., McClurken, J. B., Cleveland, J. C., Smith, P. K., Shahian, D. M., et al. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.394 · Cited by 36
The need of operational paradigms for frailty in older persons: the SPRINTT project
Cesari, M., Marzetti, E., Calvani, R., Vellas, B. J., Bernabei, R., Bordes, P., Roubenoff, R., Landi, F., & Cherubini, A. (2017) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-016-0712-5 · Cited by 35
Pulignano, G., Gulizia, M. M., Baldasseroni, S., Bedogni, F., Cioffi, G., Indolfi, C., Romeo, F., Murrone, A., Musumeci, F., Parolari, A., et al. (2017) · European Heart Journal Supplements · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/sux012 · Cited by 35
Keevil, V. L., Luben, R., Hayat, S. A., Sayer, A. A., Wareham, N. J., & Khaw, K. (2017) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2017.10.001 · Cited by 36
“In particular, the association between low physical capability and higher mortality has been well described in adults over 70 years old (Cooper, Kuh, & Hardy, 2010; Studenski et al., 2011) with results of a meta-analysis suggesting a linear dose-response relationship (Cooper et al.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialACTN3, Morbidity, and Healthy Aging
Pickering, C., & Kiely, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2018.00015 · Cited by 35
“…including grip strength, standing balance, and walking speed, with lower scores in these tests typically associated with increased all-cause mortality (Rantanen, 2003; Cooper et al., 2010; Frontiers in Genetics | www.frontiersin.org 1 January 2018 | Volume 9 | Article 15 Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundImpact of Frailty on Outcomes in Acute Type A Aortic Dissection
Gomibuchi, T., Seto, T., Komatsu, M., et al. (2018) · The Annals of Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.06.055 · Cited by 36
Gait speed and prognosis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a prospective cohort study
Nolan, C. M., Maddocks, M. M., Maher, T. M., BANYA, W. A. S., Patel, S., Barker, R. E., Jones, S. E., George, P. M., Cullinan, P., & Man, W. D. (2018) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.01186-2018 · Cited by 35
“Given the consistent demonstration of the predictive ability of gait speed in other populations [20, 21], the need for a validation cohort in this study is less pronounced.”
BackgroundLim, R., Ellett, L. M. K., Widagdo, I. S., Pratt, N. L., & Roughead, E. E. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029221 · Cited by 37
Gait Measurement at Home Using A Single RGB Camera
Yagi, K., Sugiura, Y., Hasegawa, K., & Saitô, H. (2019) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.10.006 · Cited by 36
Frailty as Tested by Gait Speed Is a Risk Factor for Liver Transplant Respiratory Complications
Salim, T. I., Nestlerode, L. C., Lucatorto, E., Wasserman‐Wincko, T., Din, H. A., Landsittel, D. P., Tevar, A. D., Johnson, J. T., Duarte‐Rojo, A., & Dunn, M. A. (2020) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000000609 · Cited by 36
Pau, M., Mulas, I., Putzu, V., Asoni, G., Viale, D., Mameli, I., Leban, B., & Allali, G. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20123577 · Cited by 37
“Mobility is not only an important co-factor that influences life expectancy [1,2], but also plays a relevant role in the self-perception of aging [3], social participation [4], independence and overall quality of life [5].”
BackgroundMoving prevention of functional impairment upstream: is middle age an ideal time for intervention?
Brown, R. T., & Covinsky, K. E. (2020) · Women s Midlife Health · doi:10.1186/s40695-020-00054-z · Cited by 40
Assessing physical activity and function in patients with chronic kidney disease: a narrative review
Bakker, E. A., Zoccali, C., Dekker, F. W., Eijsvogels, T. M. H., & Jager, K. J. (2020) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfaa156 · Cited by 39
“For example, the tests are especially useful in the risk prediction or stratification of older adults [59, 60], whereas gait speed <0.”
BackgroundIncreased Likelihood of Falling in Older Cannabis Users vs. Non-Users
Workman, C. D., Fietsam, A. C., Sosnoff, J. J., & Rudroff, T. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11020134 · Cited by 37
“Gait has been used as a marker for physical function and a predictor for falls and even mortality [55,56].”
BackgroundMethodTsoukalas, D., Zlatian, O. M., Mitroi, M. R., Renieri, E. A., Tsatsakis, A. M., Izotov, B. N., Burada, F., Sosoi, S. S., Burada, E., Bugă, A. M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10040624 · Cited by 36
“Deterioration in mobility performance and physical function are considered the main indicators of functional decline, health impairment and mortality in the elderly [5,6].”
BackgroundCai, M., Jacob, M. A., Norris, D. G., Duering, M., de Leeuw, F., & Tuladhar, A. M. (2021) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102667 · Cited by 39
“Gait disturbances are prevalent in the elderly and are associated with adverse consequences, including falls, institutionalization and death (Abellan Van Kan et al., 2009; Cesari et al., 2005; Studenski, 2011).”
BackgroundThioredoxin interacting protein regulates age-associated neuroinflammation
Ismael, S., Nasoohi, S., Li, L., Aslam, K., Khan, M. M., El‐Remessy, A. B., McDonald, M. P., Liao, F., & Ishrat, T. (2021) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105399 · Cited by 38
Sousa‐Santos, A. R., Barros, D. G. M., Montanha, T., Carvalho, J., & do Amaral, T. F. (2021) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2021.104517 · Cited by 36
Rosenblatt, N. J., Latash, M. L., Hurt, C. P., et al. (2015) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2015.05.039 · Cited by 36
Monteiro, R. L., Ferreira, J. S. S. P., Silva, É. Q., Cruvinel-Júnior, R. H., Veríssimo, J. L., Bus, S. A., & Sacco, I. D. C. N. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-11745-0 · Cited by 46
Langford, D., Ashe, M. C., Fleig, L., Panagiotopoulos, K., Cho, N., Ledoyen, M., Frost, M., Sharpe, N., Lehn, J., & Brown, K. (2015) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s86922 · Cited by 38
Factors to Inform Clinicians About the End of Life in Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Benzo, R., Siemion, W., Novotny, P. J., Sternberg, A., Kaplan, R. M., Ries, A. L., Wise, R. A., Martínez, F. J., Utz, J. P., & Sciurba, F. C. (2013) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.10.283 · Cited by 37
Wilson, C. A., & Saklofske, D. H. (2017) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2017.1292207 · Cited by 42
Kidney function, gait pattern and fall in the general population: a cohort study
Sedaghat, S., Darweesh, S. K. L., Verlinden, V. J. A., van der Geest, J. N., Dehghan, A., Franco, O. H., Hoorn, E. J., & Ikram, M. A. (2018) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfy043 · Cited by 36
Optimization of energy and time predicts dynamic speeds for human walking
Carlisle, R. E., & Kuo, A. D. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.81939 · Cited by 40
“As such, preferred speed is widely employed as a clinically useful indicator of overall mobility ( Afilalo et al., 2010 ; Studenski et al., 2011 ).”
Iwata, S., Hashizume, H., Yoshimura, N., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-64706-0 · Cited by 35
Correlates of Gait Speed in Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis
Marcum, Z. A., Zhan, H. L., Perera, S., Moore, C. G., Fitzgerald, G. K., & Weiner, D. K. (2014) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/pme.12478 · Cited by 35
Variables Explaining Health-Related Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Sartor‐Glittenberg, C., Lehmann, S., Okada, M., Rosen, D., Brewer, K., & Bay, R. C. (2013) · Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy · doi:10.1519/jpt.0b013e3182a4791b · Cited by 36
Evidence for dying‐back axonal degeneration in age‐associated skeletal muscle decline
Chung, T., Park, J. S., Kim, S., Montes, N., Walston, J. D., & Höke, A. (2016) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.25267 · Cited by 35
Multimorbidity, frailty and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Holland, A. E., Harrison, S. L., & Brooks, D. (2016) · Chronic Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1177/1479972316670104 · Cited by 35
“It is a component of Frieds’ five factors of frailty and has been associated with a number of important health outcomes in elderly individuals including hospitalizations,(56,57) falls(58) and mortality.(59) Usual gait speed over 4 m (4MGS) provides a global assessment of functional capacity in communitydwelling adults.”
BackgroundToots, A., Littbrand, H., Holmberg, H., Nordström, P., Lundin‐Olsson, L., Gustafson, Y., & Rosendahl, E. (2016) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2016.09.003 · Cited by 35
Management of Hypertension in the Elderly and Frail Elderly
Ferri, C., Ferri, L., & Desideri, G. (2017) · High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention · doi:10.1007/s40292-017-0185-4 · Cited by 36
“other trials and sound as simple and reliable [41, 42].”
BackgroundDementia, Comorbidity, and Physical Function in the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly
Falvey, J. R., Gustavson, A. M., Price, L., Papazian, L. A., & Stevens‐Lapsley, J. E. (2017) · Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy · doi:10.1519/jpt.0000000000000131 · Cited by 35
Simon, C. B., & Hicks, G. E. (2018) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzy028 · Cited by 35
Updated Geriatric Cardiology Guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology - 2019
Moreira, A. A. C. D. M., Costa, E. F. D. A., Miranda, R. D., Wajngarten, M., Galera, S. C., Filho, A. C. D. A., Toledo, M. A. D. V., Alves, J. D. C., Moriguchi, E. H., Rodrigues, N. L., et al. (2019) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.5935/abc.20190086 · Cited by 39
Demarteau, J., Jansen, B., Keymolen, B. V., Mets, T. F., & Bautmans, I. (2019) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.05.027 · Cited by 35
Mobile Gait Analysis Using Foot-Mounted UWB Sensors
Anderson, B., Shi, M., Tan, V. Y. F., & Wang, Y. (2019) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3351231 · Cited by 35
“Variability of these gait parameters is an important diagnostic indicator of health [27], correlating with both quality of life and mortality [36], and is of great interest to both clinicians, and researchers.”
BackgroundMobbs, R. J., Mobbs, R. E., & Choy, W. J. (2019) · Journal of Spine Surgery · doi:10.21037/jss.2019.09.06 · Cited by 36
“gait speed (velocity), has been shown to be correlate with survival among older adults in various epidemiological cohort studies and has been shown to reflect health and functional status (31-34).”
BackgroundGray, S. L., Marcum, Z. A., Dublin, S., Walker, R. L., Golchin, N., Rosenberg, D. E., Bowles, E. J. A., Crane, P. K., & Larson, E. B. (2019) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glz270 · Cited by 39
Spatio-temporal gait variables predicted incident disability
Doi, T., Nakakubo, S., Tsutsumimoto, K., Kim, M., Kurita, S., Ishii, H. H., & Shimada, H. (2020) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-020-0643-4 · Cited by 34
Zhao, X., Jin, L., & Sun, S. B. (2020) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.1177/0091415020940214 · Cited by 39
KOBASHIGAWA, J. A., Shah, P. M., Joseph, S. M., Olymbios, M., Bhat, G., Dhital, K. K., Eisen, H. J., Kransdorf, E. P., Patel, J. K., Skorka, R., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ajt.16207 · Cited by 39
Kumar, P., Liu, C., Suliburk, J. W., Minard, C. G., Muthupillai, R., Chacko, S. K., Hsu, J. W.-C., Jahoor, F., & Sekhar, R. V. (2020) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines8100390 · Cited by 35
“Meta-analyses in geriatric populations have strongly linked gait speed to survival [37], and PWH aged > 40 years are reported to have increased functional decline, especially in gait speed [8].”
BackgroundTimed up and go test predicts mortality in older adults in Peru: a population-based cohort study
Ascencio, E. J., Cieza-Gómez, G. D., Carrillo-Larco, R. M., & Ortiz, P. J. (2022) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-022-02749-6 · Cited by 35
“The mean Gait Speed was slower in older people who died (1.03 vs 0.87 m/seconds; p < 0.001) versus those who survived (Table 1).”
MethodInfluentialPercutaneous coronary intervention in the elderly
Sandhu, K., & Nadar, S. K. (2015) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.188 · Cited by 37
The effects of knee arthroplasty on walking speed: A meta-analysis
Abbasi, H., Yakhdani, H. R. F., Meijer, O. G., de Vet, H. C. W., Bruijn, S. M., Yang, L., Knol, D. L., van Royen, B. J., & van Dieën, J. H. (2012) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-13-66 · Cited by 35
Racial Differences in Gait Velocity in an Urban Elderly Cohort
Blanco, I., Verghese, J., Lipton, R. B., Putterman, C., & Derby, C. A. (2012) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03927.x · Cited by 38
Shardell, M. D., Semba, R. D., Kalyani, R. R., Hicks, G. E., Bandinelli, S., & Ferrucci, L. (2015) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glv017 · Cited by 35
Quadriceps Impairment Is Associated with Gait Mechanics in Young Adults with Obesity
Vakula, M. N., Fisher, K. L., Garcia, S. A., Holmes, S. C., Post, B. K., Costa, P. B., & Pamukoff, D. N. (2019) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001891 · Cited by 35
Balance and mobility in geriatric patients
Jahn, K., Freiberger, E., Eskofier, B. M., Bollheimer, C., & Klucken, J. (2019) · Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie · doi:10.1007/s00391-019-01561-z · Cited by 35
Gait Assessment Using Smartphone Applications in Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Brognara, L. (2024) · Geriatrics · doi:10.3390/geriatrics9040095 · Cited by 34
“In particular, a gait speed lower than 0.8 m/s is a reliable cut-off for identifying subjects at increased risk of disability, and a stride length of 0.64 m accurately predicts major adverse events such as physical disability, falls, institutionalization and mortality [6,7].”
BackgroundInfluentialBrazilian Guidelines of Hypertension – 2025
Brandão, A. A., Rodrigues, C. I. S., Bortolotto, L. A., Armstrong, A. D. C., Mulinari, R. A., Feitosa, A. D. M., Gomes, M. A. M., Barbosa, E. C. D., Moura-Neto, J. A., Neves, M. F., et al. (2025) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.36660/abc.20250624 · Cited by 102
The renin–angiotensin system and prevention of age-related functional decline: where are we now?
Simon, C. B., Lee‐McMullen, B., Phelan, D. M., Gilkes, J. A., Carter, C. S., & Buford, T. W. (2015) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-015-9753-5 · Cited by 34
Lower limb function and 10-year survival in population aged 75 years and older
Arnau, A., Espaulella, J., Méndez, T., Serrarols, M., Canudas, J., Formiga, F., & Ferrer, M. (2015) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmv088 · Cited by 34
Bleker, L. S., de Rooij, S. R., Painter, R. C., van der Velde, N., & Roseboom, T. J. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glw081 · Cited by 34
“In pooled analysis, gait speed has been shown to be associated with incident disability (12) and survival in older adults (13), which was supported by systematic reviews, showing consistent associations between grip strength, walking speed, chair rising, and standing balance with subsequent morbidity (14) and mortalit…”
BackgroundGait Is Associated with Cognitive Flexibility: A Dual-Tasking Study in Healthy Older People
Hobert, M. A., Meyer, S. I., Hasmann, S. E., Metzger, F. G., Suenkel, U., Eschweiler, G. W., Berg, D., & Maetzler, W. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00154 · Cited by 35
Master, H., Thoma, L. M., Christiansen, M. B., Polakowski, E., Schmitt, L., & White, D. K. (2017) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.23448 · Cited by 34
“Walking speed is a well-established marker of health, a predictor of morbidity and mortality in older adults (33),”
BackgroundCosentino, S., Devanand, D. P., & Gurland, B. J. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170495 · Cited by 34
“Gait is an important functional marker predictive of a variety of key outcomes in older adults including disability [64] and mortality [37].”
Curcumin supplementation and motor-cognitive function in healthy middle-aged and older adults
Santos‐Parker, J. R., Lubieniecki, K. L., Rossman, M. J., Ark, H. V., Bassett, C. J., Strahler, T. R., Chonchol, M. B., Justice, J. N., & Seals, D. R. (2018) · Nutrition and Healthy Aging · doi:10.3233/nha-170029 · Cited by 35
How soon will digital endpoints become a cornerstone for future drug development?
Boehme, P., Hansen, A., Roubenoff, R., Scheeren, J., Herrmann, M., Mondritzki, T., Ehlers, J. P., & Truebel, H. (2018) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2018.07.001 · Cited by 35
Kofler, M., Reinstadler, S. J., Mayr, A., et al. (2018) · European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezy244 · Cited by 34
Recent Progress in Sarcopenia Research: a Focus on Operationalizing a Definition of Sarcopenia
Cawthon, P. M. (2018) · Current Osteoporosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11914-018-0484-2 · Cited by 37
Bair, W.-N., Petr, M. A., Alfaras, I., Mitchell, S. J., Bernier, M., Ferrucci, L., Studenski, S. A., & de Cabo, R. (2019) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glz015 · Cited by 35
“In humans, gait speed is strongly associated with mortality (4,5), current and future functional status (6–9), adverse health outcomes (10–12), and health care costs (13).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBueno, G. A. S., Gervásio, F. M., Ribeiro, D. M., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00283 · Cited by 34
Levinger, P., Panisset, M. G., Dunn, J., Haines, T. P., Dow, B., Batchelor, F., Biddle, S., Duque, G., & Hill, K. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7125-2 · Cited by 35
Kawai, H., Obuchi, S. P., Watanabe, Y., Hirano, H., Fujiwara, Y., Ihara, K., Kim, H., Kobayashi, Y., Mochimaru, M., Tsushima, E., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17082707 · Cited by 33
“Moreover, previous studies have reported that walking speed predicts disability regarding instrumental and basic activities of daily living [9–12], cognitive decline [13], institutionalization [14], and even survival rates [15,16]; therefore, walking speed is a reliable predictor of adverse health outcomes among commu…”
BackgroundViljanen, A. M., Salminen, M. J., Irjala, K. M. A., Korhonen, P. E., Wuorela, M., Isoaho, R. E., Kivelä, S., Vahlberg, T. J., Viitanen, M. H., Löppönen, M. K., et al. (2020) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01551-x · Cited by 34
Farsijani, S., Santanasto, A. J., Miljkovic, I., Boudreau, R. M., Goodpaster, B. H., Kritchevsky, S. B., & Newman, A. B. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glaa161 · Cited by 33
Frison, É., Boirie, Y., Peuchant, E., Tabué-Teguo, M., Barberger‐Gateau, P., & Féart, C. (2015) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2015.12.008 · Cited by 38
Precipitous Dehydroepiandrosterone Declines Reflect Decreased Physical Vitality and Function
Rendina, D. N., Ryff, C. D., & Coe, C. L. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glw135 · Cited by 34
Zhang, T., Brinkley, T. E., Liu, K., Feng, X., Marsh, A. P., Kritchevsky, S. B., Zhou, X., & Nicklas, B. J. (2017) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.101199 · Cited by 33
Wei, M., Meng, D., Guo, H., He, S., Tian, Z., Wang, Z., Yang, G., & Wang, Z. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19169952 · Cited by 40
Classifying Step and Spin Turns Using Wireless Gyroscopes and Implications for Fall Risk Assessments
Fino, P. C., Frames, C. W., & Lockhart, T. E. (2015) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s150510676 · Cited by 33
Stenholm, S., Shardell, M. D., Bandinelli, S., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2015) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glv004 · Cited by 34
Health-Related Quality of Life as a Predictor of Mortality among Survivors of AKI
Joyce, V. R., Smith, M. W., Johansen, K. L., et al. (2012) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.00450112 · Cited by 33
Patel, K. V., Cochrane, B. B., Turk, D. C., Bastian, L. A., Haskell, S. G., Woods, N. F., Zaslavsky, O., Wallace, R. B., & Kerns, R. D. (2016) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnv670 · Cited by 33
Gschwind, Y. J., Bridenbaugh, S. A., Reinhard, S., Granacher, U., Monsch, A. U., & Kressig, R. W. (2017) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-016-0699-y · Cited by 33
“Older people with slow gait velocity have higher rates of morbidity and mortality than those of the same age with normal gait velocity [36, 40].”
BackgroundVidoni, M. L., Gabriel, K. P., Luo, S., Simonsick, E. M., & Day, R. S. (2017) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-017-0893-4 · Cited by 33
“In older adults, gait speed assessed at a single time point is a powerful predictor of many adverse health outcomes, including: disability, falls, hospitalization, cognitive impairment (1), mobility limitations (2), and mortality (3).”
Best, J. R., Liu-Ambrose, T. Y. L., Metti, A. L., Rosso, A. L., Satterfield, S., Studenski, S. A., Newman, A. B., Rosano, C., & Health, A. A. B. C. S. (2017) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glx129 · Cited by 33
“Epidemiological studies of older adults show that walking more slowly predicts development of disability (1,2), cognitive impairment (3,4), and death (5,6).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationSeldeen, K. L., Redae, Y. Z., Thiyagarajan, R., Berman, R. N., Leiker, M. M., & Troen, B. R. (2019) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2019.04.001 · Cited by 32
Kawai, H., Taniguchi, Y., Seino, S., et al. (2019) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s213216 · Cited by 33
Aas, S. N., Hamarsland, H., Cumming, K. T., Rognlien, S. H., Aase, O. J., Nordseth, M., Karsrud, S., Godager, S., Tømmerbakke, D., Handegard, V., et al. (2019) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2019.110687 · Cited by 34
Lamberti, N., López‐Soto, P. J., Guerzoni, F., Napoli, N., Gasbarro, V., Zamboni, P., Tsolaki, E., Taddia, M. C., Rodríguez‐Borrego, M. A., Manfredini, R., et al. (2019) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-019-02176-3 · Cited by 34
Risk Factors for Frailty and Cardiovascular Diseases: Are They the Same?
Piotrowicz, K., & Gąsowski, J. (2020) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33330-0_5 · Cited by 36
Kazanski, M. E., Cusumano, J. P., & Dingwell, J. B. (2020) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109714 · Cited by 33
“OH adults exhibited slower preferred overground walking speeds and Four Square Step Test times than YH adults (Table 2), but these were both still well within their respective healthy ranges (Dite and Temple, 2002; Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundZhou, X., Zhang, C., Li, L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, W., Yin, W., Yu, X., Zhu, X., Qian, Y., & Sun, Z. (2020) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2020.00234 · Cited by 34
“Gait speed has been consistently treated as the most important factor regarding gait disorders in previous studies, which may be directly associated with incident disability, mortality, and hospitalizations (Studenski et al., 2011; Jung et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMobility of Older Adults: Gait Quality Measures Are Associated With Life-Space Assessment Scores
Suri, A., Rosso, A. L., VanSwearingen, J. M., et al. (2021) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glab151 · Cited by 33
Perceived Physical Fatigability Predicts All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults
Glynn, N. W., Gmelin, T. A., Renner, S. W., Qiao, Y., Boudreau, R. M., Feitosa, M. F., Wojczynski, M. K., Cosentino, S., Andersen, S. L., Christensen, K., et al. (2021) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glab374 · Cited by 33
Cai, Y., Tian, Q., Gross, A. L., Wang, H., Jian‐Yu, E., Agrawal, Y., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., & Schrack, J. A. (2022) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glac001 · Cited by 34
Sanders, J. B., Comijs, H. C., Bremmer, M. A., Deeg, D. J. H., & Beekman, A. T. F. (2014) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4224 · Cited by 33
Walking speed in elderly outpatients depends on the assessment method
Pasma, J. H., Stijntjes, M., Ou, S. S., Blauw, G. J., Meskers, C. G. M., & Maier, A. B. (2014) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-014-9736-y · Cited by 33
Reinders, I., Murphy, R. A., Song, X., Visser, M., Cotch, M. F., Lang, T., Garcia, M., Launer, L. J., Siggeirsdóttir, K., Eiríksdóttir, G., et al. (2015) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.277 · Cited by 33
Valores normativos de instrumentos de valoración funcional en ancianos españoles: estudio FRADEA
Abizanda, P., Hidalgo, J. D. L.-T., Rizos, L. R., Jurado, P. M. S., García-Nogueras, I., & Requena, J. L. E. (2011) · Atención Primaria · doi:10.1016/j.aprim.2011.02.007 · Cited by 31
Instrumented gait assessment with a single wearable: an introductory tutorial
Din, S. D., Hickey, A., Ladha, C., Stuart, S., Bourke, A. K., Esser, P., Rochester, L., & Godfrey, A. (2016) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.9591.1 · Cited by 32
Blood and urine cadmium concentrations and walking speed in middle-aged and older U.S. adults
Kim, J., García‐Esquinas, E., Navas‐Acién, A., & Choi, Y. (2017) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.022 · Cited by 34
Kim, J., & Yim, J. (2017) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.904723 · Cited by 40
“An analysis of nine cohort studies found walking speed to be correlated with survival in the elderly [15].”
BackgroundMehdipour, A., Malouka, S., Beauchamp, M. K., Richardson, J. A., & Kuspinar, A. (2024) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afae055 · Cited by 37
“Although both speeds have been reported to correlate well ( r = 0.96) [6] and be comparable in terms of predicting survival in older adults [7], there is evidence to suggest that they may have different psychometric properties and clinical utility [8, 9].”
BackgroundInfluentialEriksson, J. G., Osmond, C., Perälä, M.-M., Salonen, M. K., Simonen, M., Pohjolainen, P., Kajantie, E., Rantanen, T., & von Bonsdorff, M. B. (2015) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-015-9846-1 · Cited by 32
Metadata
- Authors
- Studenski, S.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Studenski, Stephanie
- ORCID
- Studenski, Stephanie
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-01-05
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC3080184
- OpenAlex
- W2159296038
- Semantic Scholar
- 25de2f67035336224c9f1e37f58c5b531d34b9ed
- Cited by
- 4,558
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 377 · 2025: 333 · 2024: 267 · 2023: 311 · 2022: 355 · 2021: 399 · 2020: 389 · 2019: 358 · 2018: 272 · 2017: 301 · 2016: 255 · 2015: 273 · 2014: 243 · 2013: 184 · 2012: 166
- FWCI
- 100.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute on Aging (AG023641, AG 024827, K07AG023641, P30AG024827, P30AG021332)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- walking speed, survival, older adults, life expectancy, physical performance, mortality prediction, goals of care, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Gait, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, United States, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Survival Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
