The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 52 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Gait speed and survival in older adults.
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival. Physical performance measures, such as gait speed, might help account for variability, allowing clinicians to make more individualized estimates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between gait speed and survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies (collected between 1986 and 2000), using individual data from 34,485 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older with baseline gait speed data, followed up for 6 to 21 years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (5.9) years; 59.6%, women; and 79.8%, white; and had a mean (SD) gait speed of 0.92 (0.27) m/s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rates and life expectancy. RESULTS: There were 17,528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%-88.8%) and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.5%-70.6%). Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90; P < .001). Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s. At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women. Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.
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43 Own result · 15 Sources not found · 9 Own interpretation · 7 Own method
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“Stratification by sex-specific median height failed to show systematic differences in survival rates between short and tall participants, so results presented are not stratified by height.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“In some subsets of slow walkers of Hispanic descent, survival rates were 10% to 20% higher than in other groups (eTable 2).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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“Stratification by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic) suggested generally similar survival rates by gait speed among age and sex groups.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<. 001).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The overall HR for survival per each 0.1 m/s faster gait speed was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<.001) when pooled across all studies using a random-effects meta-analytic statistical approach”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · plain
“In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
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In the paper
“Gait speeds of 1.0 m/s or higher consistently demonstrated survival that was longer than expected by age and sex alone.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed added substantially37 to age and sex in 7 of the 9 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.734) that was not significantly different from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (0.732; (P=.95; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Three studies had sufficiently consistent data on functional status at baseline to allow pooling.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Although the sample size of very slow walkers was small, our data suggest that there may be a subpopulation who walk very slowly but survive for long periods.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
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In the paper
“Study follow-up time ranged from 6.0 to 21.0 years, with participants followed up for a mean of 12.2 and a median of 13.8 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Of the total, 59.6% were women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Predicted years of remaining life for each sex and age increased as gait speed increased, with a gait speed of about 0.8 m/s at the median life expectancy at most ages for both sexes (Figure 2; a PDF of enlarged graphs is available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Similarly, there was a wide range of gait speeds, from less than 0.4 m/s (n=1247) to more than 1.4 m/s (n=1491).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,491- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In this older adult population, the relationship of gait speed with remaining years of life was consistent across age groups, but the absolute number of expected remaining years of life was larger at younger ages.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“For 70-year-old men, life expectancy ranged from 7 to 23 years and for women, from 10 to 30 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“There were substantial numbers of African American (n=3852) and Hispanic (n=2650) participants.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 3,852- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Mortality rates appear to be related to length of follow-up (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92 and at age 80 years from 0.22 to 0.86 (eFigure 4B).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For the 3 levels of functional status (independent, difficulty with instrumental ADLs, and dependent in ADLs), the pooled HR per 0.1-m/s increase in gait speed for those who were independent was 0.92 (P= .005), for those with difficulty in instrumental activities was also 0.92 (P<.001) but was 0.94 (P=.02) among those dependent in ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The studies had a wide age range, including 1765 persons older than 85 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,765- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were consistent associations across studies, although given the large sample sizes, Q statistics were often statistically significant (details available in eFigure 1A–M available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Age-adjusted HRs by study ranged from 0.83 to 0.94 and all were significant (P<.001; Figure 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“When dichotomized at a score of 100 into low and high activity, MrOS had consistent and statistically significant HRs for low (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81–0.88) and high (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84–0.90) physical”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the pooled sample, median survival in years for the age groups 65 through 74 years was 12.6 for men and 16.8 for women; for 75 through 84 years, 7.9 for men and 10.5 for women; and for 85 years or older, 4.6 for men and 6.4 years for women (eTable 3 available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with differences in the probability of survival at all ages in both sexes, but was especially informative after age 75 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were 17 528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%–88.8%)and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95%CI, 46.5%–70.6%).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“Further adjustment for sex, BMI, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diseases, prior hospitalization, and self-reported health did not change the results (overall HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.89–0.91; P<.001).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“The 9 participating studies contributed a total of 34 485 participants (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 34,485- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were 17 528 total deaths across all studies, with rates varying from 18.40% to 91.87% in individual studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In the Hispanic EPESE, the HR for low physical activity was significant (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96) but the HR for higher physical activity was not (0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.04).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Pooled HRs for all subgroups except functional status were consistently in the range of 0.81 to 0.92 and all were significant (P<.002).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“C statistics for age, sex, and gait speed were greater than those for age, sex, and chronic diseases in 4 of 9 studies, approximately equivalent in 5 studies and inferior in no studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For 10-year survival, 6 studies had sufficient follow-up time to perform many of the analyses (Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We assessed usual vs fast gait speed in the single study with both measures (Invecciare in Chianti18 study: usual, 0.727 [95% CI, 0.678–0.776]; fast, 0.684 [95% CI, 0.630–0.739]), suggesting that fast walks did not have an advantage in survival prediction over usual-paced walks.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For these studies, gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.741) that was not significantly different (P=.78) from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (P=.75; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed added predictive ability to age and sex in 4 of 6 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In our data, predicted life expectancy at the median for age and sex occurs at about 0.8 m/s; faster gait speeds predict life expectancy beyond the median.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed has been recommended as a potentially useful clinical indicator of well-being among the older adults.14”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because physical activity measures were not sufficiently consistent across studies, effects could not be pooled.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed could be considered a simple and accessible summary indicator of vitality because it integrates known and unrecognized disturbances in multiple organ systems, many of which affect survival.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Only a few models assess overall predictive capacity using C statistics; the reported values are in the range found in the present study (published area under the curve range, 0.66–0.8261 vs this study, 0.717 and 0.737).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because gait speed can be assessed by nonprofessional staff using a 4-m walkway and a stopwatch,21 it is relatively simple to measure compared with many medical assessments.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Several authors have proposed that gait speeds faster than 1.0 m/s suggest healthier aging while gait speeds slower than 0.6 m/s increase the likelihood of poor health and function.7,21”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The participating study cohorts, while large and diverse, do not represent the universe of possible data.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strengths of this study are the very large sample of individual participant data from multiple diverse populations of community-dwelling elders who were followed up for many years and use of consistent measures of performance and outcome.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed might help refine survival estimates in clinical practice or research because it is simple and informative.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the gait speed–survival relationship seems continuous across the entire range, cut points may help interpretation.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, participants in these studies had no prior knowledge about the meaning of walking speed.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Slowing gait may reflect both damaged systems and a high-energy cost of walking.13,39–54”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [40]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [43]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [44]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed, age, and sex may offer the clinician tools for assessing expected survival to contribute to tailoring goals of care in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We were unable to assess the association of physical activity with survival in pooled analyses because measures of activity were highly variable across studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, median years of survival in this study resemble estimates for US adults across the sex and age range assessed.62”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [62]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Prior analyses used single cohorts and presented results as relative rather than absolute risk, as done herein.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Some models use self-reported information but others also include physiological or performance data, for a total of 4 to more than 10 predictive factors.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study has the limitations of observational research; it cannot establish causal relationships and is vulnerable to various forms of healthy volunteer bias.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The research studies analyzed herein used trained staff to measure gait speed. Staffin clinical settings would need initial training and may produce more variable results.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Others propose one cutoff around 0.8 m/s.13”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Long-distance walks have become accepted in some medical fields and may contribute information beyond short walks.66–68”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [66]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [67]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [68]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results found herein suggest that gait speed appears to be especially informative in older persons who report either no function all imitations or only difficulty with instrumental ADLs and may be less helpful for older adults who already report dependence in basic ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Similarly, mortality prediction models have been developed.3–5,57–60”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the longer distance and time to perform the test may limit feasibility in many clinical settings.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function.
“There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function, although several models have been developed from individual data sources.3–5”
The paper relies on this without support.
Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients.
“Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Edmonton Frail Scale is a multi-dimensional assessment instrument that includes the TUGT, and a test for cognitive impairment (108). It is quick to administer (less than 5 minutes) and is valid, reliable and feasible for routine use by non-geriatricians”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, gait speed was associated with survival in pooled analysis of individual data from 9 cohort studies (pooled HR per 0.1 m/s: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87–0.90, P < 0.001) (78).”
From Health Consequences of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Narrative Review (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“including a significant association with survival at increments of 0.1 m/s.84”
In the citing paper
“accumulating evidence from both preclinical studies and recent human clinical trials strongly suggests that Mt have a key role in the pathogenesis of age-related functional decline, marked by slower walking speed.(Hiona and Leeuwenburgh 2008;Studenski, Perera, Patel, Rosano, Faulkner, Inzitari, Brach, Chandler, Cawthon, Connor, Nevitt, Visser, Kritchevsky, Badinelli, Harris, Newman, Cauley, Ferru”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Studenski et al. 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“SPPB, 0.738”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“95% CI, 0.690–0.735”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A). In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92”
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialQuantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialThe Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data.
Aitkin, M. A., Kalbfleisch, J. D., & Prentice, R. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530581 · Cited by 9,875
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model
Therneau, T. M., & Grambsch, P. M. (2000) · Statistics for Biology and Health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3294-8 · Cited by 8,674
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380 · cited 5×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialStatistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data
Lawless, J. F. (2002) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118033005 · Cited by 4,521
The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale.
Fried, L. P., Borhani, N. O., Enright, P., Furberg, C. D., Gardin, J. M., Kronmal, R. A., Kuller, L. H., Manolio, T. A., Mittelmark, M. B., Newman, A., et al. (1991) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90005-w · Cited by 3,652
Survival Analysis Techniques for Censored and Truncated Data
Rao, M. B., Klein, J. P., & Moeschberger, M. L. (1998) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270658 · Cited by 3,617
The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation
Washburn, R. A., Smith, K. W., Jette, A. M., & Janney, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4 · Cited by 3,256 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 4,515
MRI atrophy of the caudate nucleus and slower walking speed in the elderly
Dumurgier, J., Crivello, F., Mazoyer, B. M., Ahmed, I., Tavernier, B., Grabli, D., François, C., Tzourio‐Mazoyer, N., Tzourio, C., & Elbaz, A. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.102 · Cited by 72
The clinical relevance of outcomes used in late-onset Pompe disease: can we do better?
Lachmann, R., & Schoser, B. G. H. (2013) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/1750-1172-8-160 · Cited by 70
Rosen, S. L., & Reuben, D. B. (2011) · Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine · doi:10.1002/msj.20277 · Cited by 71
Impact of Aging on Endurance and Neuromuscular Physical Performance: The Role of Vascular Senescence
Mendonça, G. V., Pezarat‐Correia, P., Vaz, J. R., Silva, L., & Heffernan, K. S. (2016) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0596-8 · Cited by 78
Driving and Incidence of Functional Limitation in Older People: A Prospective Population-Based Study
Shimada, H., Makizako, H., Tsutsumimoto, K., Hotta, R., Nakakubo, S., & Doi, T. (2016) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000448036 · Cited by 67
Randomized, Controlled Trial of the Effect of Dietary Potassium Restriction on Nerve Function in CKD
Arnold, R., Pianta, T. J., Pussell, B. A., Kirby, A. C., O’Brien, K. M., Sullivan, K. A., Holyday, M., Cormack, C., Kiernan, M. C., & Krishnan, A. V. (2017) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.00670117 · Cited by 70
“Age, yr 66 (52–68) 67 (57–69) Women, n (%) 7 (29) 10 (43) Body mass index 33.”
Gait Speed and Dependence in Activities of Daily Living in Older Adults With Severe Aortic Stenosis
Green, P., Woglom, A. E., Généreux, P., Maurer, M. S., Kirtane, A. J., Hawkey, M., Schnell, S., Sohn, J., Moses, J. W., Leon, M. B., et al. (2012) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.21974 · Cited by 69
Platelet bioenergetics correlate with muscle energetics and are altered in older adults
Braganza, A., Corey, C. G., Santanasto, A. J., Distéfano, G., Coen, P. M., Glynn, N. W., Nouraie, M. S., Goodpaster, B. H., Newman, A. B., & Shiva, S. (2019) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.128248 · Cited by 68
“strongly predictive of morbidity and mortality (3).”
van der Vlies, E., Smits, A. B., Los, M., van Hengel, M., Bos, W. J. W., Dijksman, L. M., van Dongen, E. P. A., & Noordzij, P. G. (2020) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2020.04.011 · Cited by 68
Lee, S. Y., Choo, P. L., Pang, B. W. J., Lau, L. K., Jabbar, K. B. A., Seah, W. T., Chen, K. K., Ng, T. P., & Wee, S. L. (2021) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-021-02147-4 · Cited by 72
What can biomarkers tell us about cognition in Parkinson's disease?
Mollenhauer, B., Rochester, L., Chen‐Plotkin, A. S., & Brooks, D. J. (2014) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.25846 · Cited by 69
Walking tests during the exercise training: Specific use for the cardiac rehabilitation
Casillas, J.-M., Hannequin, A., Besson, D., Benaïm, S., Krawcow, C., Laurent, Y., & Grémeaux, V. (2013) · Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2013.09.003 · Cited by 71
Effects of aging on mechanical efficiency and muscle activation during level and uphill walking
Ortega, J. D., & Farley, C. T. (2014) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.09.003 · Cited by 70
Predicting Survival in Oldest Old People
Taekema, D. G., Gussekloo, J., Westendorp, R. G. J., de Craen, A. J. M., & Maier, A. B. (2012) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.01.034 · Cited by 68
Bargiotas, I., Wang, D., Mantilla, J. J., Quijoux, F., Moreau, A., Vidal, C., Barrois, R., Nicolaï, A., Audiffren, J., Labourdette, C., et al. (2022) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-022-11251-3 · Cited by 71
“Also, it should be remembered that walking speed is a predictor of survival in the elderly [17] (See Mobilise-D initiative outcomes1) and conversely a good indicator of future falls.”
BackgroundBonanad, S., de la Rubia, J., Gironella, M., Persona, E. P., González, B., Fernández-Lago, C., Arnán, M., Zudaire, I., Hernández‐Rivas, J., Soler, A., et al. (2015) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2015.03.003 · Cited by 67
Owusu, C., & Berger, N. A. (2014) · Clinical Practice · doi:10.2217/cpr.14.72 · Cited by 70
Sanders, J. B., Bremmer, M. A., Deeg, D. J. H., & Beekman, A. T. F. (2012) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04114.x · Cited by 67
Chen, P., Lin, M.-H., Peng, L., Liu, C., Chang, C.-W., Lin, Y.-T., & Chen, L. (2012) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2012.02.002 · Cited by 69
Choi, J., Cho, K.-J., Kim, S., Yoon, S.-J., Kang, M., Kim, K., Lee, Y., Koo, K., & Kim, C. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep42966 · Cited by 68
Locomotive syndrome: clinical perspectives
Ikemoto, T., & Arai, Y.-C. P. (2018) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s148683 · Cited by 71
“walking difficulty, which is a common disability shared by patients with the three syndromes, a large body of evidence has suggested that gait speed is associated with mortality in older adults.(32,33) Moreover, mental disorders among elderly people were recently found to be associated with sarcopenia(34,35) and LoS.”
Spatiotemporal gait analysis of older persons in clinical practice and research
Lindemann, U. (2019) · Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie · doi:10.1007/s00391-019-01520-8 · Cited by 67
Prevalence of Psychological Frailty in Japan: NCGG-SGS as a Japanese National Cohort Study
Shimada, H., Lee, S., Doi, T., Bae, S., Tsutsumimoto, K., & Arai, H. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8101554 · Cited by 67
The silent war of CMV in aging and HIV infection
Effros, R. B. (2016) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2015.09.003 · Cited by 63
A Healthy Lifestyle in Old Age and Prospective Change in Four Domains of Functioning
Visser, M., Wijnhoven, H. A. H., Comijs, H. C., Thomése, F., Twisk, J. W. R., & Deeg, D. J. H. (2018) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264318774430 · Cited by 72
“Furthermore, every 0.1 m/s slower gait speed is associated with a 12% higher mortality (Studenksi et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe importance of physical function as a clinical outcome: Assessment and enhancement
O’Neill, D., & Forman, D. E. (2019) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.23311 · Cited by 77
“While many variations on gait speed assessments have been utilized, a well-validated protocol entails a 4-m course from a standing start.(28) Patients are instructed to walk at their normal pace, using an assistive device if needed.”
MethodPavic, M., Klaas, V., Theile, G., Kraft, J., Tröster, G., Blum, D., & Gückenberger, M. (2019) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2019.0342 · Cited by 65
“39 Our results show significantly faster steps in patients with readmissions.”
Consensus based framework for digital mobility monitoring
Kluge, F., Din, S. D., Cereatti, A., Gaßner, H., Hansen, C., Helbostad, J. L., Klucken, J., Küderle, A., Müller, A., Rochester, L., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0256541 · Cited by 73
“Related functional mobility impairments present a great burden to patients, severely limiting quality of life [7–9], alongside an increased fall risk [10–12], and mortality [13, 14].”
BackgroundPredictors of gait velocity among community-dwelling stroke survivors
Taylor‐Piliae, R. E., Latt, L. D., Hepworth, J. T., & Coull, B. M. (2011) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.10.358 · Cited by 66
Promoting access to innovation for frail old persons
Berrut, G., Andrieu, S., de Carvalho, I. A., Baeyens, J., Bergman, H., Cassim, B., Cerreta, F., Cesari, M., Cha, H. B., Chen, L., et al. (2013) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-013-0039-2 · Cited by 67
Sutorius, F. L., Hoogendijk, E. O., Prins, B. A. H., & van Hout, H. P. J. (2016) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-016-0487-y · Cited by 68
“Gait speed was validated for predicting adverse health outcomes and has shown to have high diagnostic value for monitoring frailty in community-dwelling older people [26].”
Frailty and sarcopenia: From theory to clinical implementation and public health relevance
Cesari, M., Nobili, A., & Vitale, G. (2016) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2016.07.021 · Cited by 67
Altered spatiotemporal characteristics of gait in older adults with chronic low back pain
Hicks, G. E., Sions, J. M., Coyle, P. C., et al. (2017) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.04.027 · Cited by 66
Guidelines for Gait Assessments in the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA)
Cullen, S., Montero‐Odasso, M., Bherer, L., et al. (2018) · Canadian Geriatrics Journal · doi:10.5770/cgj.21.298 · Cited by 66
“Gait Velocity Gait velocity provides important information on the risk of future adverse events, as a slowing in gait velocity has been associated with future falls, hospitalizations, disability, cognitive impairment, progression to dementia, and mortality.(33,43-45) It can be measured, as described above, in the pref…”
BackgroundMotor function in the elderly: Evidence for the reserve hypothesis
Elbaz, A., Vicente-Vytopilova, P., Tavernier, B., Sabia, S., Dumurgier, J., Mazoyer, B., Singh-Manoux, A., & Tzourio, C. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31829d8761 · Cited by 65
Gait, balance, mobility and muscle strength in people with anxiety compared to healthy individuals
Feldman, R., Schreiber, S., Pick, C. G., & Been, E. (2019) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2019.102513 · Cited by 74
Williams, G. R., Hopkins, J. O., Klepin, H. D., Lowenstein, L. M., MacKenzie, A. R., Mohile, S. G., Somerfield, M. R., & Dale, W. (2023) · JCO Oncology Practice · doi:10.1200/op.23.00263 · Cited by 67
Gait initiation: The first four steps in adults aged 20–25 years, 65–79 years, and 80–91 years
Muir, B. C., Rietdyk, S., & Haddad, J. M. (2013) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.08.037 · Cited by 65
Idland, G., Pettersen, R., Avlund, K., & Bergland, A. (2013) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2012.12.005 · Cited by 64
Dias, J. P., Melvin, D., Simonsick, E. M., Carlson, O., Shardell, M. D., Ferrucci, L., Chia, C. W., Basaria, S., & Egan, J. M. (2016) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/andr.12126 · Cited by 65
Inflammation, Depression, and Slow Gait: A High Mortality Phenotype in Later Life
Brown, P. J., Roose, S. P., Zhang, J., Wall, M. W., Rutherford, B. R., Ayonayon, H. N., Butters, M. A., Harris, T. B., Newman, A. B., Satterfield, S., et al. (2015) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glv156 · Cited by 66
Prenton, S., Hollands, K. L., & Kenney, L. P. J. (2016) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/16501977-2136 · Cited by 65
“These factors have been associated with an increased risk of falls (7), reduced quality of life (7, 9) and increased levels of mortality (10).”
Increasing fall risk awareness using wearables: a fall risk awareness protocol
Danielsen, A., Olofsen, H., & Bremdal, B. A. (2016) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2016.08.016 · Cited by 66
Dingwell, J. B., Salinas, M. M., & Cusumano, J. P. (2017) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.03.018 · Cited by 65
Levinger, P., Panisset, M. G., Dunn, J., Haines, T. P., Dow, B., Batchelor, F., Biddle, S., Duque, G., & Hill, K. (2020) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-020-01824-0 · Cited by 67
Dynapenic Obesity and Lower Extremity Function in Elderly Adults
Yang, M., Jiang, J., Hao, Q., Luo, L., & Dong, B. (2015) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2014.06.019 · Cited by 61
Figgins, E., Pieruccini‐Faria, F., Speechley, M. R., & Montero‐Odasso, M. (2021) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101253 · Cited by 67
Falls among hemodialysis patients: potential opportunities for prevention?
Kutner, N. G., Zhang, R., Huang, Y., & Wasse, H. (2014) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfu034 · Cited by 64
Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure, Incident Cardiovascular Events, and Death in Elderly Persons
Peralta, C. A., Katz, R., Newman, A. B., Psaty, B. M., & Odden, M. C. (2014) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03831 · Cited by 64
Julius, L. M., Brach, J. S., Wert, D. M., & VanSwearingen, J. M. (2012) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20110326 · Cited by 63
Park, J., Mancini, M., Carlson‐Kuhta, P., Nutt, J. G., & Horak, F. B. (2016) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2016.09.018 · Cited by 64
“In fact, gait speed is related to life expectancy and cognitive impairments (Buracchio et al., 2011; Mielke et al., 2012; Studenski et al., 2011; Taekema et al., 2012; Watson et al., 2010).”
Haaf, D. T., van Dongen, E. J. I., Nuijten, M. A. H., Eijsvogels, T. M. H., de Groot, C. P. G. M., & Hopman, M. T. E. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10040506 · Cited by 68
“Gait speed in an elderly population is a strong predictor of survival [41] and is therefore an important marker of overall health.”
BackgroundDigital assessment of falls risk, frailty, and mobility impairment using wearable sensors
Greene, B. R., McManus, K., Redmond, S. J., Caulfield, B., & Quinn, C. C. (2019) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-019-0204-z · Cited by 63
Step accumulation per minute epoch is not the same as cadence for free-living adults
DALL, P. M., MCCRORIE, P. R. W., GRANAT, M. H., & STANSFIELD, B. W. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3182955780 · Cited by 62
Fall-related gait characteristics on the treadmill and in daily life
Rispens, S. M., van Dieën, J. H., van Schooten, K. S., et al. (2016) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-016-0118-9 · Cited by 63
Kano, S., Yamamoto, M., Shimura, T., Kagase, A., Tsuzuki, M., Kodama, A., Koyama, Y., Kobayashi, T., Shibata, K., Tada, N., et al. (2017) · Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions · doi:10.1161/circinterventions.117.005088 · Cited by 62
Zou, L., Sasaki, J. E., Zeng, N., Wang, C., & Sun, L. (2018) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2018.04.010 · Cited by 64
Bernhard, F. P., Sartor‐Pfeiffer, J., Bettecken, K., Hobert, M. A., Arnold, C., Weber, Y. G., Poli, S., Margraf, N. G., Schlenstedt, C., Hansen, C., et al. (2018) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-018-1111-7 · Cited by 63
Maynard, L. G., de Menezes, D. L., Lião, N. S., de Jesus, E. M., Andrade, N. L. S., Santos, J. C. D., Júnior, W. M. D. S., Bastos, K. D. A., & Barreto-Filho, J. A. S. (2019) · Games for Health Journal · doi:10.1089/g4h.2018.0066 · Cited by 72
Park, S., Kim, S. G., Lee, S., Kim, Y., Cho, S., Kim, K., Kim, Y. C., Han, S. S., Lee, H., Lee, J. P., et al. (2023) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.13174 · Cited by 64
“cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome) and mortality.(4,5) The velocity of ageing differs among individuals, and those with accelerated ageing”
BackgroundHoogendijk, E. O., van Kan, G. A., Guyonnet, S., Vellas, B. J., & Cesari, M. (2015) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2015.04.007 · Cited by 68
Tao, X., Chow, S. K. Y., & Wong, F. K. Y. (2015) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.03.013 · Cited by 63
Elbaz, A., Sabia, S., Brunner, E. J., Shipley, M. J., Marmot, M. G., Mika Kivimaki, B., & Singh‐Manoux, A. (2012) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-012-9387-9 · Cited by 70
Brach, J. S., Swearingen, J. M. V., Perera, S., Wert, D. M., & Studenski, S. A. (2013) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12506 · Cited by 65
Self-citationRoberts, M. H., & Mapel, D. W. (2012) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwr503 · Cited by 65
Yokoyama, Y., Nishi, M., Murayama, H., Amano, H., Taniguchi, Y., Nofuji, Y., Narita, M., Matsuo, E., Seino, S., Kawano, Y., et al. (2015) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-015-0632-7 · Cited by 65
Predicting Mortality up to 14 Years Among Community‐Dwelling Adults Aged 65 and Older
Schonberg, M. A., Li, V., Marcantonio, E. R., Davis, R. B., & McCarthy, E. P. (2017) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.14805 · Cited by 64
“Studenski et al.25 recommend clinicians assess older adults’ gait speed since gait speeds <1.0 and <0.6 m/s are associated with >50% 10-year mortality in men and women 75–84 years, respectively.”
BackgroundInfluentialCooper, A., Simmons, R. K., Kuh, D. J., Brage, S., Cooper, R., & NSHD scientific and data collection team (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126465 · Cited by 62
Symptom Burden Among Community‐Dwelling Older Adults in the United States
Patel, K. V., Guralnik, J. M., Phelan, E. A., Gell, N., Wallace, R. B., Sullivan, M. D., & Turk, D. C. (2018) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15673 · Cited by 63
Validation of an IMU Gait Analysis Algorithm for Gait Monitoring in Daily Life Situations
Zhou, L., Tunca, C., Fischer, E., Brahms, C. M., Ersoy, C., Granacher, U., & Arnrich, B. (2020) · 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176827 · Cited by 63
“Gait is an important indicator of a person’s cognitive and physical health, and gait speed has been found to correlate with a person’s health status, functional decline, and even mortality [1][2].”
BackgroundMakizako, H., Nakai, Y., Tomioka, K., Taniguchi, Y., Sato, N., Wada, A., Kiyama, R., Tsutsumimoto, K., Ohishi, M., Kiuchi, Y., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9051386 · Cited by 73
“Gait speed, chair stand, and TUG tests, is also associated with future adverse outcomes including disability [31,32], hospitalization [33], and mortality [34,35].”
BackgroundDeep Phenotyping of Parkinson’s Disease
Dorsey, E. R., Omberg, L., Waddell, E. M., Adams, J., Adams, R., Ali, M. R., Amodeo, K., Arky, A., Augustine, E. F., Dinesh, K., et al. (2020) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-202006 · Cited by 65
“In geriatric medicine, “gait speed” is the “sixth vital sign” [63], and reductions are associated with increased mortality [64, 65].”
BackgroundDommershuijsen, L. J., Ragunathan, J., Ruiter, R., Groothof, D., Mattace-Raso, F. U. S., Ikram, M. A., & Polinder‐Bos, H. A. (2021) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111646 · Cited by 63
“8 m/s as an indicator of sarcopenia and increased mortality risk [4, 5], may be of benefit to identifying the most at-risk groups across a population.”
Background“Feeling younger, walking faster”: subjective age and walking speed in older adults
Stéphan, Y., Sutin, A. R., & Terracciano, A. (2015) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-015-9830-9 · Cited by 63
Tian, Q., Glynn, N. W., Erickson, K. I., Aizenstein, H. J., Simonsick, E. M., Yaffe, K. S., Harris, T. B., Kritchevsky, S. B., Boudreau, R. M., Newman, A. B., et al. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.01.045 · Cited by 61
Determinants of Gait Speed in COPD
Karpman, C., DePew, Z. S., LeBrasseur, N. K., Novotny, P. J., & Benzo, R. P. (2014) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.13-2017 · Cited by 65
Age- and speed-related differences in harmonic ratios during walking
Lowry, K. A., Lokenvitz, N., & Smiley‐Oyen, A. L. (2011) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.09.019 · Cited by 62
Creatinine Clearance, Walking Speed, and Muscle Atrophy: A Cohort Study
Roshanravan, B., Patel, K. V., Robinson‐Cohen, C., de Boer, I. H., O’Hare, A. M., Ferrucci, L., Himmelfarb, J., & Kestenbaum, B. R. (2014) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.10.016 · Cited by 65
An Evaluation of Commercial Pedometers for Monitoring Slow Walking Speed Populations
Beevi, F. H. A., Miranda, J., Pedersen, C. F., & Wagner, S. (2015) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2015.0120 · Cited by 62
“A recent review 16 on gait speed in ambulant older people in long-term care reported gait speed between 0.5 and 3.3 km/h. Studenski et al. 17 reviewed nine studies with mean gait speed between 2 km/h to 4.3 km/h that had participants with a mean age of 73.5 years who were followed up for 6–21 years.”
InfluentialFactors Associated With 8-Year Mortality in Older Patients With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
van der Holst, H. M., van Uden, I. W. M., Tuladhar, A. M., de Laat, K. F., van Norden, A. G. W., Norris, D. G., van Dijk, E. J., Rutten‐Jacobs, L. C. A., & de Leeuw, F. (2016) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.4560 · Cited by 64
Identifying frailty in primary care: A systematic review
Lee, L. S., Patel, T., Hillier, L. M., Maulkhan, N., Slonim, K., & Costa, A. P. (2017) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.12955 · Cited by 67
Ovarian Cancer Management in the Oldest Old: Improving Outcomes and Tailoring Treatments
Tortorella, L., Vizzielli, G., Fusco, D., Cho, W. C. S., Bernabei, R., Scambia, G., & Colloca, G. A. (2017) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2017.0607 · Cited by 64
“[15] Studenski S, Perera S, Patel K, Rosano C, Faulkner K,”
BackgroundMueller, A., Hoefling, H., Muaremi, A., Præstgaard, J., Walsh, L. C., Bunte, O., Huber, R. M., Fürmetz, J., Keppler, A. M., Schieker, M., et al. (2019) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/15191 · Cited by 60
“Gait speed is considered a key prognostic marker of survival [1] and adverse events [2] in older adults and has been shown to decline over time with healthy aging [3].”
BackgroundHerssens, N., Criekinge, T. V., Saeys, W., et al. (2020) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2020.0194 · Cited by 61
“Previous studies have demonstrated that changes in gait performance correlate with an increased risk of falling [13], certain cognitive impairments [14] and even risk of early mortality [15].”
BackgroundAutomated Technology to Speed Recognition of Signs of Illness in Older Adults
Rantz, M., Skubic, M., Koopman, R. J., Alexander, G. L., Phillips, L. J., Musterman, K., Back, J., Aud, M. A., Galambos, C. M., Guevara, R. D., et al. (2012) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/00989134-20120307-01 · Cited by 62
Gait patterns in COPD: the Rotterdam Study
Lahousse, L., Verlinden, V. J. A., van der Geest, J. N., Joos, G., Albert Hofman, D., Stricker, B. H. C., Brusselle, G., & Ikram, M. A. (2015) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00213214 · Cited by 65
Relationship of physical function and quality of life among persons aging with HIV infection
Erlandson, K. M., Allshouse, A. A., Jankowski, C. M., MaWhinney, S., Kohrt, W. M., & Campbell, T. (2014) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000000384 · Cited by 61
Practical approach on frail older patients attended for acute heart failure
Martín‐Sánchez, F. J., Christ, M., Miró, Ò., Peacock, W. F., McMurray, J. J. V., Bueno, H., Maisel, A. S., Cullen, L., Cowie, M., Somma, S. D., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.151 · Cited by 62
Screening for frailty: older populations and older individuals
Santos‐Eggimann, B., & Sirven, N. (2016) · Public health reviews · doi:10.1186/s40985-016-0021-8 · Cited by 60
“selected performance tests for mortality [43] or incidence of disability [44] in samples”
BackgroundEden, M. M., Tompkins, J., & Verheijde, J. L. (2017) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2017.1390803 · Cited by 62
“The 10MWT provides a measure of gait speed (meters/second), and if measured repeatedly over time can demonstrate improvements in walking, function, and the overall status of one’s health (Fritz and Lusardi, 2009; Hardy et al., 2007; Peel et al., 2013; Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundPal, R., Aggarwal, A., Singh, T., Sharma, S., Khandelwal, N. K., Garg, A., Bhansali, A. K., Kumar, A., Yadav, U., Singh, P., et al. (2020) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1007/s41999-020-00332-z · Cited by 61
“Cut-offs to define low gait speed are based on prospective studies that predict disability and reduced overall survival [67].”
BackgroundMitochondrial DNA deletion mutations increase exponentially with age in human skeletal muscle
Herbst, A. J., Lee, C. C., Vandiver, A. R., Aiken, J. M., McKenzie, D. I., Hoang, A. N., Allison, D. B., Liu, N., & Wanagat, J. (2020) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01698-7 · Cited by 64
Nakano, J., Fukushima, T., Tanaka, T., Fu, J. B., & Morishita, S. (2021) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-021-06171-3 · Cited by 65
Pathogenesis, Intervention, and Current Status of Drug Development for Sarcopenia: A Review
Jang, J. Y., Kim, D.-H., & Kim, N. D. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11061635 · Cited by 66
Frailty and aortic valve disease
Mack, M. J. (2012) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.11.063 · Cited by 60
Brown, J. C., Harhay, M. O., & Harhay, M. N. (2016) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2016.01.009 · Cited by 61
Khanittanuphong, P., & Tipchatyotin, S. (2017) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-171465 · Cited by 60
Tang, T., Hwang, A., Liu, L.-K., Lee, W., Chen, L.-Y., Wu, Y., Huang, C., Hung, C.-H., Wang, C., Lin, M.-H., et al. (2017) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glx148 · Cited by 60
Longitudinal changes in physical function and physical activity in older adults
Metti, A. L., Best, J. R., Shaaban, C. E., Ganguli, M., & Rosano, C. (2018) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afy025 · Cited by 60
“Maintaining higher PF late in life is associated with lower risk of mortality and disability [5, 19].”
BackgroundThe prevalence and characteristics of frailty by frailty phenotype in rural Tanzania
Lewis, E. G., Coles, S., Howorth, K., Kissima, J., Gray, W. K., Urasa, S. J., Walker, R. W., & Dotchin, C. L. (2018) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-018-0967-0 · Cited by 60
Metadata
- Authors
- Studenski, S.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Studenski, Stephanie
- ORCID
- Studenski, Stephanie
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-01-05
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC3080184
- OpenAlex
- W2159296038
- Semantic Scholar
- 25de2f67035336224c9f1e37f58c5b531d34b9ed
- Cited by
- 4,558
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 377 · 2025: 333 · 2024: 267 · 2023: 311 · 2022: 355 · 2021: 399 · 2020: 389 · 2019: 358 · 2018: 272 · 2017: 301 · 2016: 255 · 2015: 273 · 2014: 243 · 2013: 184 · 2012: 166
- FWCI
- 100.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute on Aging (AG023641, AG 024827, K07AG023641, P30AG024827, P30AG021332)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- walking speed, survival, older adults, life expectancy, physical performance, mortality prediction, goals of care, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Gait, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, United States, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Survival Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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