The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 52 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Gait speed and survival in older adults.
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival. Physical performance measures, such as gait speed, might help account for variability, allowing clinicians to make more individualized estimates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between gait speed and survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies (collected between 1986 and 2000), using individual data from 34,485 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older with baseline gait speed data, followed up for 6 to 21 years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (5.9) years; 59.6%, women; and 79.8%, white; and had a mean (SD) gait speed of 0.92 (0.27) m/s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rates and life expectancy. RESULTS: There were 17,528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%-88.8%) and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.5%-70.6%). Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90; P < .001). Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s. At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women. Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.
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43 Own result · 15 Sources not found · 9 Own interpretation · 7 Own method
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“Stratification by sex-specific median height failed to show systematic differences in survival rates between short and tall participants, so results presented are not stratified by height.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“In some subsets of slow walkers of Hispanic descent, survival rates were 10% to 20% higher than in other groups (eTable 2).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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“Stratification by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic) suggested generally similar survival rates by gait speed among age and sex groups.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<. 001).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The overall HR for survival per each 0.1 m/s faster gait speed was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<.001) when pooled across all studies using a random-effects meta-analytic statistical approach”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · plain
“In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
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In the paper
“Gait speeds of 1.0 m/s or higher consistently demonstrated survival that was longer than expected by age and sex alone.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed added substantially37 to age and sex in 7 of the 9 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.734) that was not significantly different from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (0.732; (P=.95; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Three studies had sufficiently consistent data on functional status at baseline to allow pooling.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Although the sample size of very slow walkers was small, our data suggest that there may be a subpopulation who walk very slowly but survive for long periods.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
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In the paper
“Study follow-up time ranged from 6.0 to 21.0 years, with participants followed up for a mean of 12.2 and a median of 13.8 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Of the total, 59.6% were women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Predicted years of remaining life for each sex and age increased as gait speed increased, with a gait speed of about 0.8 m/s at the median life expectancy at most ages for both sexes (Figure 2; a PDF of enlarged graphs is available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Similarly, there was a wide range of gait speeds, from less than 0.4 m/s (n=1247) to more than 1.4 m/s (n=1491).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,491- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In this older adult population, the relationship of gait speed with remaining years of life was consistent across age groups, but the absolute number of expected remaining years of life was larger at younger ages.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“For 70-year-old men, life expectancy ranged from 7 to 23 years and for women, from 10 to 30 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“There were substantial numbers of African American (n=3852) and Hispanic (n=2650) participants.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 3,852- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Mortality rates appear to be related to length of follow-up (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92 and at age 80 years from 0.22 to 0.86 (eFigure 4B).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For the 3 levels of functional status (independent, difficulty with instrumental ADLs, and dependent in ADLs), the pooled HR per 0.1-m/s increase in gait speed for those who were independent was 0.92 (P= .005), for those with difficulty in instrumental activities was also 0.92 (P<.001) but was 0.94 (P=.02) among those dependent in ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The studies had a wide age range, including 1765 persons older than 85 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,765- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were consistent associations across studies, although given the large sample sizes, Q statistics were often statistically significant (details available in eFigure 1A–M available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Age-adjusted HRs by study ranged from 0.83 to 0.94 and all were significant (P<.001; Figure 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“When dichotomized at a score of 100 into low and high activity, MrOS had consistent and statistically significant HRs for low (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81–0.88) and high (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84–0.90) physical”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the pooled sample, median survival in years for the age groups 65 through 74 years was 12.6 for men and 16.8 for women; for 75 through 84 years, 7.9 for men and 10.5 for women; and for 85 years or older, 4.6 for men and 6.4 years for women (eTable 3 available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with differences in the probability of survival at all ages in both sexes, but was especially informative after age 75 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were 17 528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%–88.8%)and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95%CI, 46.5%–70.6%).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“Further adjustment for sex, BMI, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diseases, prior hospitalization, and self-reported health did not change the results (overall HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.89–0.91; P<.001).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“The 9 participating studies contributed a total of 34 485 participants (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 34,485- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were 17 528 total deaths across all studies, with rates varying from 18.40% to 91.87% in individual studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In the Hispanic EPESE, the HR for low physical activity was significant (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96) but the HR for higher physical activity was not (0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.04).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Pooled HRs for all subgroups except functional status were consistently in the range of 0.81 to 0.92 and all were significant (P<.002).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“C statistics for age, sex, and gait speed were greater than those for age, sex, and chronic diseases in 4 of 9 studies, approximately equivalent in 5 studies and inferior in no studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For 10-year survival, 6 studies had sufficient follow-up time to perform many of the analyses (Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We assessed usual vs fast gait speed in the single study with both measures (Invecciare in Chianti18 study: usual, 0.727 [95% CI, 0.678–0.776]; fast, 0.684 [95% CI, 0.630–0.739]), suggesting that fast walks did not have an advantage in survival prediction over usual-paced walks.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For these studies, gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.741) that was not significantly different (P=.78) from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (P=.75; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed added predictive ability to age and sex in 4 of 6 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In our data, predicted life expectancy at the median for age and sex occurs at about 0.8 m/s; faster gait speeds predict life expectancy beyond the median.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed has been recommended as a potentially useful clinical indicator of well-being among the older adults.14”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because physical activity measures were not sufficiently consistent across studies, effects could not be pooled.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed could be considered a simple and accessible summary indicator of vitality because it integrates known and unrecognized disturbances in multiple organ systems, many of which affect survival.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Only a few models assess overall predictive capacity using C statistics; the reported values are in the range found in the present study (published area under the curve range, 0.66–0.8261 vs this study, 0.717 and 0.737).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because gait speed can be assessed by nonprofessional staff using a 4-m walkway and a stopwatch,21 it is relatively simple to measure compared with many medical assessments.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Several authors have proposed that gait speeds faster than 1.0 m/s suggest healthier aging while gait speeds slower than 0.6 m/s increase the likelihood of poor health and function.7,21”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The participating study cohorts, while large and diverse, do not represent the universe of possible data.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strengths of this study are the very large sample of individual participant data from multiple diverse populations of community-dwelling elders who were followed up for many years and use of consistent measures of performance and outcome.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed might help refine survival estimates in clinical practice or research because it is simple and informative.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the gait speed–survival relationship seems continuous across the entire range, cut points may help interpretation.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, participants in these studies had no prior knowledge about the meaning of walking speed.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Slowing gait may reflect both damaged systems and a high-energy cost of walking.13,39–54”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [40]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [43]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [44]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed, age, and sex may offer the clinician tools for assessing expected survival to contribute to tailoring goals of care in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We were unable to assess the association of physical activity with survival in pooled analyses because measures of activity were highly variable across studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, median years of survival in this study resemble estimates for US adults across the sex and age range assessed.62”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [62]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Prior analyses used single cohorts and presented results as relative rather than absolute risk, as done herein.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Some models use self-reported information but others also include physiological or performance data, for a total of 4 to more than 10 predictive factors.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study has the limitations of observational research; it cannot establish causal relationships and is vulnerable to various forms of healthy volunteer bias.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The research studies analyzed herein used trained staff to measure gait speed. Staffin clinical settings would need initial training and may produce more variable results.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Others propose one cutoff around 0.8 m/s.13”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Long-distance walks have become accepted in some medical fields and may contribute information beyond short walks.66–68”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [66]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [67]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [68]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results found herein suggest that gait speed appears to be especially informative in older persons who report either no function all imitations or only difficulty with instrumental ADLs and may be less helpful for older adults who already report dependence in basic ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Similarly, mortality prediction models have been developed.3–5,57–60”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the longer distance and time to perform the test may limit feasibility in many clinical settings.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function.
“There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function, although several models have been developed from individual data sources.3–5”
The paper relies on this without support.
Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients.
“Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Edmonton Frail Scale is a multi-dimensional assessment instrument that includes the TUGT, and a test for cognitive impairment (108). It is quick to administer (less than 5 minutes) and is valid, reliable and feasible for routine use by non-geriatricians”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, gait speed was associated with survival in pooled analysis of individual data from 9 cohort studies (pooled HR per 0.1 m/s: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87–0.90, P < 0.001) (78).”
From Health Consequences of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Narrative Review (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“including a significant association with survival at increments of 0.1 m/s.84”
In the citing paper
“accumulating evidence from both preclinical studies and recent human clinical trials strongly suggests that Mt have a key role in the pathogenesis of age-related functional decline, marked by slower walking speed.(Hiona and Leeuwenburgh 2008;Studenski, Perera, Patel, Rosano, Faulkner, Inzitari, Brach, Chandler, Cawthon, Connor, Nevitt, Visser, Kritchevsky, Badinelli, Harris, Newman, Cauley, Ferru”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Studenski et al. 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“SPPB, 0.738”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“95% CI, 0.690–0.735”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A). In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92”
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialQuantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialThe Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data.
Aitkin, M. A., Kalbfleisch, J. D., & Prentice, R. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530581 · Cited by 9,875
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model
Therneau, T. M., & Grambsch, P. M. (2000) · Statistics for Biology and Health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3294-8 · Cited by 8,674
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380 · cited 5×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialStatistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data
Lawless, J. F. (2002) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118033005 · Cited by 4,521
The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale.
Fried, L. P., Borhani, N. O., Enright, P., Furberg, C. D., Gardin, J. M., Kronmal, R. A., Kuller, L. H., Manolio, T. A., Mittelmark, M. B., Newman, A., et al. (1991) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90005-w · Cited by 3,652
Survival Analysis Techniques for Censored and Truncated Data
Rao, M. B., Klein, J. P., & Moeschberger, M. L. (1998) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270658 · Cited by 3,617
The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation
Washburn, R. A., Smith, K. W., Jette, A. M., & Janney, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4 · Cited by 3,256 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,201–1,300 of 4,515
Brach, J. S., Perera, S., Gilmore, S., VanSwearingen, J. M., Brodine, D., Wert, D. M., Nadkarni, N. K., & Ricci, E. M. (2016) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2016.08.003 · Cited by 32
“Gait speed is a strong indicator/predictor of disability, morbidity and mortality in the older adult.(2, 3, 5, 7) Gait speed is assessed in usual walking with an instrumented walkway.”
BackgroundPredictors of gait speed and its change over three years in community-dwelling older people
Pinter, D., Ritchie, S. J., Gattringer, T., Bastin, M. E., Hernández, M. D. C. V., Corley, J., Maniega, S. M., Pattie, A., Dickie, D. A., Gow, A. J., et al. (2018) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.101365 · Cited by 33
“1 m/s per annum, as this decline was related to survival rates in a large pooled analysis of nine cohort studies [30,31].”
BackgroundKao, C., Chiu, H., Liu, D., Chan, P.-T., Tseng, I.-J., Chen, R., Niu, S., & Chou, K. (2018) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.03.015 · Cited by 32
Skelton, D. A., & Mavroeidi, A. (2018) · Journal of Frailty Sarcopenia and Falls · doi:10.22540/jfsf-03-074 · Cited by 32
Tepper, S., Sivashensky, A. A., Shahar, D. R., Geva, D., & Cukierman‐Yaffe, T. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10060767 · Cited by 42
“Thus, a meta-analysis of 34,485 participants demonstrated that a decline in walking speed in the elderly is a significant predictor for mortality [38,39].”
BackgroundAging effects on the Achilles tendon moment arm during walking
Rasske, K., & Franz, J. R. (2018) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.06.001 · Cited by 33
“The age-related reduction in plantarflexor performance during walking has been implicated in governing slower preferred walking speeds in older adults, which ultimately predicts their health and independence (Hardy et al., 2007; Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundEffect of grip strength on mental health
Kim, J. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.017 · Cited by 33
A prospective study of focal brain atrophy, mobility and fitness
Tian, Q., Resnick, S. M., Davatzikos, C. A., Erus, G., Simonsick, E. M., Studenski, S. A., & Ferrucci, L. (2019) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12894 · Cited by 33
Self-citationYu, L., Boyle, P. A., Leurgans, S. E., Wilson, R. S., Bennett, D. A., & Buchman, A. S. (2019) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000499334 · Cited by 35
Diverse Exercises Similarly Reduce Older Adults’ Mobility Limitations
Tollár, J., Nagy, F., Moizs, M., TÓTH, B. E., Sanders, L. M. J., & Hortobágyi, T. (2019) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002001 · Cited by 33
Coelho‐Júnior, H. J., Calvani, R., Gonçalves, I. O., Rodrigues, B., Picca, A., Landi, F., Bernabei, R., Uchida, M. C., & Marzetti, E. (2019) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-019-01216-4 · Cited by 32
Quantitative mobility metrics from a wearable sensor predict incident parkinsonism in older adults
von Coelln, R., Dawe, R. J., Leurgans, S. E., Curran, T. A., Truty, T., Yu, L., Barnes, L. L., Shulman, J. M., Shulman, L. M., Bennett, D. A., et al. (2019) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.06.012 · Cited by 32
Rostoft, S., & Hamaker, M. E. (2019) · European Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2019.07.027 · Cited by 34
“8 m/s indicates slowness, and is predictive of poor clinical outcomes such as disability, falls and institutionalization(27).”
BackgroundAdaptive empirical pattern transformation (ADEPT) with application to walking stride segmentation
Karas, M., Strączkiewicz, M., Fadel, W. F., Harezlak, J., Crainiceanu, C. M., & Urbanek, J. K. (2019) · Biostatistics · doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxz033 · Cited by 33
Gait measurement in chronic mild traumatic brain injury: A model approach
Stuart, S., Parrington, L., Morris, R., Martini, D. N., Fino, P. C., & King, L. A. (2019) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2019.102557 · Cited by 32
Klepin, H. D. (2019) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2019001299 · Cited by 33
Hoogendijk, E. O., Stenholm, S., Ferrucci, L., Bandinelli, S., Inzitari, M., & Cesari, M. (2020) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01478-3 · Cited by 32
Hvid, L. G., Feys, P., Baert, I., Kalron, A., & Dalgas, U. (2020) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968320907074 · Cited by 33
Guo, L., Lv, H., & Huang, R. (2020) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s252318 · Cited by 36
Iolascon, G., Alessandro de, S. I. R. E., Calafiore, D., Benedetti, M. G., Cisari, C., Mauro, G. L., Migliaccio, S., Nuti, R., Resmini, G., Gonnelli, S., et al. (2020) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s257304 · Cited by 34
Predicting Advanced Balance Ability and Mobility with an Instrumented Timed Up and Go Test
Bergquist, R., Nerz, C., Taraldsen, K., Mellone, S., Ihlen, E. A. F., Vereijken, B., Helbostad, J. L., Becker, C., & Mikolaizak, A. S. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20174987 · Cited by 33
“In clinical environments and ageing research, three tests are commonly used: The Short Physical Performance Battery [7], the Timed Up and Go (TUG) [8] and measure of gait speed [9].”
MethodHealthy Aging Across the Stages of Old Age
Aronson, L. (2020) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2020.06.001 · Cited by 42
Osteoporosis in Frail Older Adults: Recommendations for Research from the ICFSR Task Force 2020
Rolland, Y., Cesari, M., Fielding, R. A., Reginster, J., Vellas, B. J., & Cruz-Jentoft, A. J. (2021) · The Journal of Frailty & Aging · doi:10.14283/jfa.2021.4 · Cited by 36
“All organisms show biologically driven declines in motor function as they age and these declines are closely linked to mortality (1, 2).”
BackgroundHerbst, A. J., Prior, S. J., Lee, C. C., Aiken, J. M., McKenzie, D. I., Hoang, A. N., Liu, N., Chen, X., Xun, P., Allison, D. B., et al. (2021) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-021-00351-z · Cited by 38
Deep learning analysis and age prediction from shoeprints
Hassan, M. A., Wang, Y., Wang, D., Li, D., Liang, Y., Zhou, Y., & Xu, D. H. (2021) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110987 · Cited by 32
“Aging is significantly associated with gait patterns in the capacity of stances, bipedal floor contact, step length, posture stooping during walking, gender and ethnicity [35], [36], [37], [38], [39].”
BackgroundKim, M., & Won, C. W. (2021) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2021.11.007 · Cited by 39
Impaired Balance and Gait Characteristics in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Ozcan, E. B., Sağlam, M., Vardar‐Yağlı, N., Kutukcu, E. C., Inal-Ince, D., Altınsoy, M., & Kaya, E. B. (2022) · Heart Lung and Circulation · doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2021.10.015 · Cited by 32
Frequency‐dependent modulation of neural oscillations across the gait cycle
Zhao, M., Bonassi, G., Samogin, J., Taberna, G. A., Pelosin, E., Nieuwboer, A., Avanzino, L., & Mantini, D. (2022) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25856 · Cited by 33
“shown that the self-selected walking speed correlates with individual life expectancy in the elderly population (Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundC ‐Reactive Protein, Vitamin D Deficiency, and Slow Gait Speed
Kositsawat, J., Barry, L. C., & Kuchel, G. A. (2013) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12403 · Cited by 32
Body mass index trajectories and functional decline in older adults: Three-City Dijon cohort study
Artaud, F., Singh‐Manoux, A., Dugravot, A., Tavernier, B., Tzourio, C., & Elbaz, A. (2015) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-015-0027-4 · Cited by 32
Physical performance and 13.5-year mortality in elderly women
Idland, G., Engedal, K., & Bergland, A. (2012) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494812466460 · Cited by 32
Challenging treatment decision-making in older urologic cancer patients
Ploussard, G., Albrand, G., Rozet, F., Lang, H., Paillaud, É., & Mongiat-Artus, P. (2013) · World Journal of Urology · doi:10.1007/s00345-013-1158-4 · Cited by 32
Evolving Role of Exercise Testing in Contemporary Cardiac Rehabilitation
Reeves, G. R., Gupta, S., & Forman, D. E. (2016) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000176 · Cited by 33
Windham, B. G., Harrison, K. L., Lirette, S. T., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.14732 · Cited by 32
“5 Diabetes mellitus medication, n (%) 882 (6) 787 (8) 37 (4) 26 (1) 32 (1) Hypertension, n (%) 4,640 (30) 3,433 (35) 302 (35) 385 (22) 520 (16) Systolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean SD 121.”
O’Connell, M. D. L., Savva, G. M., Finucane, C., Romero‐Ortuño, R., Fan, C. W., & Kenny, R. A. (2018) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15327 · Cited by 32
“Slower gait is strongly related to subsequent health outcomes in older adults and has been suggested as a measure of frailty in its own right.(33,34) The lack of consistent association with the other criteria indirectly suggests that slow gait may be a more useful measure of physiological frailty than the frailty phen…”
Backgroundde Grave, P. W., Criekinge, T. V., Luyckx, T., et al. (2023) · Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy · doi:10.1007/s00167-023-07464-2 · Cited by 31
“Life expectancy increases with every 0.1 m/s increase in walking speed [38].”
BackgroundInfluentialMorifuji, M., Higashi, S., Ebihara, S., & Nagata, M. (2024) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-024-01204-1 · Cited by 32
on behalf of the HALCyon study team, Cooper, R., Stafford, M., Hardy, R., Sayer, A. A., Ben‐Shlomo, Y., Cooper, C. C., Craig, L., Deary, I. J., Gallacher, J., et al. (2013) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-013-9553-8 · Cited by 31
Respiratory Impairment in Older Persons: When Less Means More
Fragoso, C. A. V., Gill, T. M., McAvay, G., Quanjer, P. H., Ness, P. H. V., & Concato, J. (2012) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.07.016 · Cited by 32
Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Assessing Risk
Klepin, H. D. (2015) · Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports · doi:10.1007/s11899-015-0257-2 · Cited by 31
National Surveys of Population Health: Big Data Analytics for Mobile Health Monitors
Schatz, B. R. (2015) · Big Data · doi:10.1089/big.2015.0021 · Cited by 31
¿Mides la velocidad de la marcha en tu práctica diaria? Una revisión
Inzitari, M., Calle, A., Esteve, A., Casas, Á., Torrents, N., & Martínez, N. (2016) · Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología · doi:10.1016/j.regg.2015.12.010 · Cited by 30
Takeuchi, Y. (2017) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.29.112 · Cited by 31
Select physical performance measures and driving outcomes in older adults
Mielenz, T. J., Durbin, L. L., Cisewski, J. A., Guralnik, J. M., & Li, G. (2017) · Injury Epidemiology · doi:10.1186/s40621-017-0110-2 · Cited by 30
Phenotypic characteristics associated with slow gait speed in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Nolan, C. M., Maddocks, M. M., Maher, T. M., Canavan, J. L., Jones, S. E., Barker, R. E., Patel, S., Jacob, J., Cullinan, P., & Man, W. D. (2017) · Respirology · doi:10.1111/resp.13213 · Cited by 31
Unraveling the Association Between Gait and Mortality—One Step at a Time
Dommershuijsen, L. J., Isik, B. M., Darweesh, S. K. L., van der Geest, J. N., Ikram, M. K., & Ikram, M. A. (2019) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glz282 · Cited by 35
“Accordingly, walking speed has been used as a marker for overall health and has been associated with mortality risk (6,7).”
BackgroundMethodImpact of Standing Speed on the Peripheral and Central Hemodynamic Response to Orthostasis
O’Connor, J. D., O’Connell, M. D. L., Nolan, H., Newman, L., Knight, S. P., & Kenny, R. A. (2019) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14040 · Cited by 31
Efficacy of an 8-Week Resistance Training Program in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Baker, B. S., Weitzel, K. J., Royse, L. A., Miller, K., Guess, T. M., Ball, S., & Duren, D. L. (2020) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2020-0078 · Cited by 31
“…fall risk (Ball et al., 2013; Crowe & Ball, 2015; SyedAbdul et al., 2016) and increases in longevity of independent living, quality of life, and survivability by others (Applebaum et al., 2017; Herman, Giladi, & Hausdorff, 2011; Lipsitz et al., 2018; Slaughter et al., 2015; Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundPicca, A., Saini, S. K., Mankowski, R. T., Kamenov, G. D., Anton, S. D., Manini, T. M., Buford, T. W., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Xiao, R., Calvani, R., et al. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9122579 · Cited by 31
Müller, D. C., Boeno, F. P., Izquierdo, M., Aagaard, P., Teodoro, J. L., Grazioli, R., Cunha, G. D. S., Ferrari, R., de Asteasu, M. L. S., Pinto, R. S., et al. (2021) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111321 · Cited by 32
Gait speed and adverse outcomes following hospitalised exacerbation of COPD
Walsh, J. A., Barker, R. E., Kon, S. S. C., Jones, S. E., BANYA, W. A. S., Nolan, C. M., Patel, S., Polgar, O., Haselden, B. M., Polkey, M. I., et al. (2021) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.04047-2020 · Cited by 33
Calibration-Free Gait Assessment by Foot-Worn Inertial Sensors
Laidig, D., Jocham, A. J., Guggenberger, B., Adamer, K., Fischer, M. J., & Seel, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2021.736418 · Cited by 32
Meng, L., Yang, R., Wang, D., Wu, W., Shi, J. C., Shen, J., Dang, Y.-M., Fan, G., Shi, H., Dong, J., et al. (2022) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-022-02953-4 · Cited by 32
“Physical performance measures, particularly gait speed, have been extensively studied as potential measures for identifying older adults at risk of impaired mobility [24] and cognition, dementia [51, 52], and mortality [53].”
BackgroundIndividual reserve in aging and neurological disease
Holtzer, R., Choi, J., Motl, R. W., Foley, F. W., Picone, M. A., Lipton, M. L., İzzetoğlu, M., Hernandez, M. E., & Wagshul, M. E. (2023) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-023-11656-8 · Cited by 31
“For example, walking speed, a robust proxy of health outcomes [24], alone or in combination with other continuous quantitative measures of gait could be used to operationalize PR in future studies.”
BackgroundWhite matter hyperintensity volume and impaired mobility among older adults
Willey, J. Z., Scarmeas, N., Provenzano, F. A., et al. (2012) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-012-6731-z · Cited by 31
Longitudinal ambulatory measurements of gait abnormality in dystrophin-deficient dogs
Barthélémy, I., Barrey, É., Aguilar, P., Uriarte, A., Chevoir, M. L., Thibaud, J. L., Voït, T., Blot, S., & Hogrel, J. (2011) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-12-75 · Cited by 31
Scott, D. S., McLaughlin, P. A., Nicholson, G. C., Ebeling, P. R., Stuart, A. L., Kay, D., & Sanders, K. M. (2014) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afu169 · Cited by 32
Justice, J. N., Gioscia‐Ryan, R. A., Johnson, L. C., Battson, M. L., de Picciotto, N., Beck, H. J., Jiang, H., Sindler, A. L., Bryan, N. S., Enoka, R. M., et al. (2014) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00608.2014 · Cited by 31
Lilamand, M., Dumonteil, N., Nourhashémi, F., Hanon, O., Marcheix, B., Toulza, O., Elmalem, S., van Kan, G. A., Raynaud-Simon, A., Vellas, B. J., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.03.112 · Cited by 31
Aranda‐García, S., Iricibar, A., Planas, A., Prat, J. A., & Angulo-Barroso, R. M. (2014) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2012-0326 · Cited by 32
Extracting Spatio-Temporal Information from Inertial Body Sensor Networks for Gait Speed Estimation
Chen, S., Cunningham, C. L., Lach, J., et al. (2011) · doi:10.1109/bsn.2011.40 · Cited by 31
Gait speed response to aerobic versus resistance exercise training in older adults
Henderson, R. M., Leng, X., Chmelo, E. A., Brinkley, T. E., Lyles, M. F., Marsh, A. P., & Nicklas, B. J. (2016) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-016-0632-4 · Cited by 31
“Gait speed, which depends on multiple physiologic systems, reflects an individual’s general health and has been proposed as an additional vital sign in older adults [2, 5].”
Interrelations Between Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Inflammation in Older Adults
Wu, I., Lin, C., Liu, C., Hsu, C., Chen, C., & Hsiung, C. A. (2017) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glx033 · Cited by 35
Pamoukdjian, F., Canouï‐Poitrine, F., Longelin-Lombard, C., Aparicio, T., Ganne‐Carrié, N., Wind, P., Martinez‐Tapia, C., Audureau, É., Sebbane, G., Zelek, L. H., et al. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.17361 · Cited by 31
“Second, gait speed might be used to identify older cancer adults with increased risk of early mortality [26].”
Effects of Mobility and Multimorbidity on Inpatient and Postacute Health Care Utilization
Ensrud, K. E., Lui, L., Langsetmo, L., Vo, T., Taylor, B. C., Cawthon, P. M., Kilgore, M. L., McCulloch, C. E., Cauley, J. A., Stefanick, M. L., et al. (2017) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glx128 · Cited by 31
Flint, K. M., Kennedy, K., Arnold, S. V., Dodson, J. A., Cresci, S., & Alexander, K. P. (2018) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.117.008296 · Cited by 31
Yan, Z., Yang, Z., Yang, J. H., Chen, Y., Zhang, X., & Song, C. (2022) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/bmr-210247 · Cited by 32
“Furthermore, gait velocity has been identified as another robust predictor of future limitations of activity and falls in the old population [6].”
McCoy, B. M., Brassington, L., Jin, K., Dolby, G., Shrager, S., Collins, D., Dunbar, M. D., Akey, J. M., Benton, B., Borenstein, E., et al. (2023) · Evolution Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.1093/emph/eoad011 · Cited by 36
“Given that mobility declines with age and can be used as a marker for exposures that might alter the rate of aging, we investigated associations between the environmental factors and composite mobility score that captured measures of physical activity duration, intensity and frequency [55–57].”
Within trial validation and reliability of a single tri-axial accelerometer for gait assessment
Godfrey, A., Din, S. D., Barry, G., Mathers, J. C., & Rochester, L. (2014) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6944969 · Cited by 30
Frailty Assessment in the Emergency Department
Stiffler, K. A., Finley, A., Midha, S., & Wilber, S. T. (2013) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.11.047 · Cited by 30
Surgical Risk and Comorbidity in Older Urologic Patients
Townsend, N. T., & Robinson, T. N. (2015) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2015.06.009 · Cited by 30
Buford, T. W., Hsu, F., Brinkley, T. E., Carter, C. S., Church, T. S., Dodson, J. A., Goodpaster, B. H., McDermott, M. M., Nicklas, B. J., Yank, V. A., et al. (2014) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00169.2013 · Cited by 32
Jabbour, G., Iancu, H.-D., Mauriège, P., Joanisse, D. R., & Martin, L. J. (2017) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13232 · Cited by 30
“It has been shown that reduced physical performance in older adults is associated with increased mortality (Studenski et al. 2011).”
BackgroundPrognostic value of disability on mortality: 15-year follow-up of the Bambuí cohort study of aging
Nascimento, C. D. M., de Oliveira, C. M., Firmo, J. O. A., Lima‐Costa, M. F., & Peixoto, S. V. (2017) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2017.10.011 · Cited by 28
Arrieta, H., Rezola‐Pardo, C., Gil, S. M., Irazusta, J., & Rodriguez‐Larrad, A. (2017) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.12.003 · Cited by 31
Association of self-reported physical function with survival in patients with chronic kidney disease
Clarke, A. L., Zaccardi, F., Gould, D. W., Hull, K. L., Smith, A. C., Burton, J. O., & Yates, T. E. (2018) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfy080 · Cited by 30
“Gait speed is known to be associated with survival in older adults [29] and patients with CKD [6].”
BackgroundUtility of Regular Management of Physical Activity and Physical Function in Hemodialysis Patients
Yamamoto, S., Matsuzawa, R., Abe, Y., Hoshi, K., Yoneki, K., Harada, M., Watanabe, T., Shimoda, T., Suzuki, Y., Matsunaga, Y., et al. (2018) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000494016 · Cited by 32
Chatindiara, I., Williams, V., Sycamore, E., Richter, M., Allen, J. E., & Wham, C. A. (2018) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1111/1753-6405.12848 · Cited by 30
Campisi, T., Canale, A., Tesoriere, G., et al. (2019) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app9081630 · Cited by 30
“92 m/s [62] similar to that of a child accompanied by the mother or dragging the baby stroller.”
BackgroundChoi, J., Kim, K., Choi, Y., et al. (2020) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12509 · Cited by 30
“Although grip strength and gait speed are known to be associated with frailty status, these single performance measures were not as sensitive as MFS, which represents physiologic frailty and is able to predict short-term mortality after general surgery.(14,20) This may be because MFS comprises multiple domains, includ…”
BackgroundSilva, L., & Stergiou, N. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813372-9.00007-5 · Cited by 37
Khan, T., Plotkin, A., Magee, G. A., Shin, L., Woelfel, S. L., Ziegler, K. R., Shih, C.-D., Weaver, F. A., Armstrong, D. G., & Rowe, V. L. (2020) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2019.11.064 · Cited by 30
Singh, S., Eguchi, M., Min, S., & Fischer, S. M. (2020) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2020.7534 · Cited by 31
Master, H., Neogi, T., Callahan, L. F., Nelson, A. E., LaValley, M. P., Cleveland, R. J., Golightly, Y. M., Thoma, L. M., Zhang, Y., Voinier, D., et al. (2020) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2020.08.009 · Cited by 33
Wanigatunga, A. A., Wang, H., An, Y., Simonsick, E. M., Tian, Q., Davatzikos, C. A., Urbanek, J. K., Zipunnikov, V., Spira, A. P., Ferrucci, L., et al. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glaa294 · Cited by 30
“This difference is likely due to the fairly high usual gait speed—a hallmark indicator of survival (38) and promising marker of lower dementia incidence (39)—observed in this sample of older adults.”
BackgroundAge-related changes in the neuromuscular control of forward and backward locomotion
Dewolf, A. H., Labini, F. S., Cappellini, G., Ivanenko, Y. P., & Lacquaniti, F. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246372 · Cited by 29
“Age-related changes in the gait features of forward locomotion have been studied extensively [1–4], and have been related to risk of falling [5] and/or to health status in older adults [6].”
BackgroundThe effects of ageing on functional capacity and stretch-shortening cycle muscle power
Elam, C., Aagaard, P., Slinde, F., Svantesson, U. M., Hulthén, L., Magnusson, P., & Käll, L. B. (2021) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.33.250 · Cited by 30
Cawthon, P. M., Patel, S., Kritchevsky, S. B., Newman, A. B., Santanasto, A. J., Kiel, D. P., Travison, T. G., Lane, N. E., Cummings, S. R., ORWOLL, E. S., et al. (2021) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glab183 · Cited by 30
Standardized Gait Speed Ratio in Elderly Patients with Heart Failure
Ozawa, T., Yamashita, M., Seino, S., Kamiya, K., Kagiyama, N., Konishi, M., Saito, H., Saito, K., Ogasahara, Y., Maekawa, E., et al. (2021) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ehf2.13392 · Cited by 30
“Gait speed, a metric of slowness, is considered a valid measure of frailty and is associated with functional status and mortality in the general population.(3,4) Furthermore, as frailty plays a crucial prognostic role in heart failure, gait speed has also been shown to be associated with the prognosis in numerous stud…”
BackgroundCoral, R. V., Bigolin, A. V., Machry, M. C., Menguer, R. K., Pereira‐Lima, J. C., Contin, I., & Stock, P. V. (2021) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-021-05634-0 · Cited by 30
“Skeletal muscle performance was evaluated through Timed get-up and go test (TGUG) [24] and Gate Speed test (GS) [25, 26].”
MethodSarcopenia: Body Composition and Gait Analysis
Fan, Y., Zhang, B., Huang, G., Zhang, G., Ding, Z., Li, Z., SINCLAIR, J. K., & Fan, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.909551 · Cited by 35
“The general manifestation of the elderly with slow walking speed included: the older the age, the higher their BMI, depressive mood, and less daily exercise (Harwood and Conroy, 2009; Studenski et al., 2011), consistent with the results of this study.”
ResultChange in physical mobility over 10 years in post-polio syndrome
Bickerstaffe, A., Beelen, A., & Nollet, F. (2014) · Neuromuscular Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.nmd.2014.11.015 · Cited by 30
Walking analysis of young and elderly people by using an intelligent walker ANG
Wang, T., Merlet, J., Sacco, G., et al. (2014) · Robotics and Autonomous Systems · doi:10.1016/j.robot.2014.09.019 · Cited by 30
Walking speed and high blood pressure mortality risk in a Spanish elderly population
Gutiérrez-Misis, A., Sanchez-Santos, M. T., Banegas, J. R., Castell, M. V., González-Montalvo, J. I., & Otero, Á. (2015) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/jhh.2015.32 · Cited by 30
Atrial Fibrillation Is Associated With Impaired Mobility in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Donoghue, O. A., Jansen, S., Dooley, C., de Rooij, S. E., van der Velde, N., & Kenny, R. A. (2014) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2014.08.005 · Cited by 31
Hashimoto, M., Takashima, Y., Uchino, A., Yuzuriha, T., & Yao, H. (2014) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.05.008 · Cited by 30
Zhao, W., Ukawa, S., Tsushita, K., Kawamura, T., Wakai, K., Ando, M., & Tamakoshi, A. (2014) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afu121 · Cited by 30
Fega, K. R., Abel, G. A., Motyckova, G., Sherman, A. E., DeAngelo, D. J., Steensma, D. P., Galinsky, I. A., Wadleigh, M., Stone, R. M., & Driver, J. A. (2015) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2015.05.003 · Cited by 30
Wang, C., Lin, Y.-H., Chen, T.-R., Liu, M.-H., & Chen, Y. (2012) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/10.25.26.pms.114.2.469-478 · Cited by 30
Behiry, M. E., Mogawer, S., Ali, A. Y., Rakha, M., Awad, R., Emad, N., & Abdelfatah, Y. (2019) · International Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1155/2019/8092865 · Cited by 31
Metadata
- Authors
- Studenski, S.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Studenski, Stephanie
- ORCID
- Studenski, Stephanie
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-01-05
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC3080184
- OpenAlex
- W2159296038
- Semantic Scholar
- 25de2f67035336224c9f1e37f58c5b531d34b9ed
- Cited by
- 4,558
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 377 · 2025: 333 · 2024: 267 · 2023: 311 · 2022: 355 · 2021: 399 · 2020: 389 · 2019: 358 · 2018: 272 · 2017: 301 · 2016: 255 · 2015: 273 · 2014: 243 · 2013: 184 · 2012: 166
- FWCI
- 100.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute on Aging (AG023641, AG 024827, K07AG023641, P30AG024827, P30AG021332)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- walking speed, survival, older adults, life expectancy, physical performance, mortality prediction, goals of care, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Gait, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, United States, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Survival Analysis
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