The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 52 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Gait speed and survival in older adults.
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival. Physical performance measures, such as gait speed, might help account for variability, allowing clinicians to make more individualized estimates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between gait speed and survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies (collected between 1986 and 2000), using individual data from 34,485 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older with baseline gait speed data, followed up for 6 to 21 years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (5.9) years; 59.6%, women; and 79.8%, white; and had a mean (SD) gait speed of 0.92 (0.27) m/s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rates and life expectancy. RESULTS: There were 17,528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%-88.8%) and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.5%-70.6%). Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90; P < .001). Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s. At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women. Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
43 Own result · 15 Sources not found · 9 Own interpretation · 7 Own method
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stratification by sex-specific median height failed to show systematic differences in survival rates between short and tall participants, so results presented are not stratified by height.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In some subsets of slow walkers of Hispanic descent, survival rates were 10% to 20% higher than in other groups (eTable 2).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stratification by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic) suggested generally similar survival rates by gait speed among age and sex groups.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<. 001).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The overall HR for survival per each 0.1 m/s faster gait speed was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<.001) when pooled across all studies using a random-effects meta-analytic statistical approach”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · plain
“In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelationaln = 9- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speeds of 1.0 m/s or higher consistently demonstrated survival that was longer than expected by age and sex alone.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed added substantially37 to age and sex in 7 of the 9 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.734) that was not significantly different from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (0.732; (P=.95; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three studies had sufficiently consistent data on functional status at baseline to allow pooling.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the sample size of very slow walkers was small, our data suggest that there may be a subpopulation who walk very slowly but survive for long periods.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 30
- It may state two separate claims as one. 40
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Study follow-up time ranged from 6.0 to 21.0 years, with participants followed up for a mean of 12.2 and a median of 13.8 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the total, 59.6% were women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Predicted years of remaining life for each sex and age increased as gait speed increased, with a gait speed of about 0.8 m/s at the median life expectancy at most ages for both sexes (Figure 2; a PDF of enlarged graphs is available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, there was a wide range of gait speeds, from less than 0.4 m/s (n=1247) to more than 1.4 m/s (n=1491).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,491- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this older adult population, the relationship of gait speed with remaining years of life was consistent across age groups, but the absolute number of expected remaining years of life was larger at younger ages.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For 70-year-old men, life expectancy ranged from 7 to 23 years and for women, from 10 to 30 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were substantial numbers of African American (n=3852) and Hispanic (n=2650) participants.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 3,852- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mortality rates appear to be related to length of follow-up (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92 and at age 80 years from 0.22 to 0.86 (eFigure 4B).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the 3 levels of functional status (independent, difficulty with instrumental ADLs, and dependent in ADLs), the pooled HR per 0.1-m/s increase in gait speed for those who were independent was 0.92 (P= .005), for those with difficulty in instrumental activities was also 0.92 (P<.001) but was 0.94 (P=.02) among those dependent in ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The studies had a wide age range, including 1765 persons older than 85 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,765- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were consistent associations across studies, although given the large sample sizes, Q statistics were often statistically significant (details available in eFigure 1A–M available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Age-adjusted HRs by study ranged from 0.83 to 0.94 and all were significant (P<.001; Figure 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When dichotomized at a score of 100 into low and high activity, MrOS had consistent and statistically significant HRs for low (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81–0.88) and high (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84–0.90) physical”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the pooled sample, median survival in years for the age groups 65 through 74 years was 12.6 for men and 16.8 for women; for 75 through 84 years, 7.9 for men and 10.5 for women; and for 85 years or older, 4.6 for men and 6.4 years for women (eTable 3 available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with differences in the probability of survival at all ages in both sexes, but was especially informative after age 75 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were 17 528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%–88.8%)and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95%CI, 46.5%–70.6%).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further adjustment for sex, BMI, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diseases, prior hospitalization, and self-reported health did not change the results (overall HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.89–0.91; P<.001).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The 9 participating studies contributed a total of 34 485 participants (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 34,485- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were 17 528 total deaths across all studies, with rates varying from 18.40% to 91.87% in individual studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the Hispanic EPESE, the HR for low physical activity was significant (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96) but the HR for higher physical activity was not (0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.04).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pooled HRs for all subgroups except functional status were consistently in the range of 0.81 to 0.92 and all were significant (P<.002).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“C statistics for age, sex, and gait speed were greater than those for age, sex, and chronic diseases in 4 of 9 studies, approximately equivalent in 5 studies and inferior in no studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For 10-year survival, 6 studies had sufficient follow-up time to perform many of the analyses (Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We assessed usual vs fast gait speed in the single study with both measures (Invecciare in Chianti18 study: usual, 0.727 [95% CI, 0.678–0.776]; fast, 0.684 [95% CI, 0.630–0.739]), suggesting that fast walks did not have an advantage in survival prediction over usual-paced walks.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For these studies, gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.741) that was not significantly different (P=.78) from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (P=.75; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed added predictive ability to age and sex in 4 of 6 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In our data, predicted life expectancy at the median for age and sex occurs at about 0.8 m/s; faster gait speeds predict life expectancy beyond the median.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Gait speed has been recommended as a potentially useful clinical indicator of well-being among the older adults.14”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because physical activity measures were not sufficiently consistent across studies, effects could not be pooled.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed could be considered a simple and accessible summary indicator of vitality because it integrates known and unrecognized disturbances in multiple organ systems, many of which affect survival.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Only a few models assess overall predictive capacity using C statistics; the reported values are in the range found in the present study (published area under the curve range, 0.66–0.8261 vs this study, 0.717 and 0.737).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because gait speed can be assessed by nonprofessional staff using a 4-m walkway and a stopwatch,21 it is relatively simple to measure compared with many medical assessments.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Several authors have proposed that gait speeds faster than 1.0 m/s suggest healthier aging while gait speeds slower than 0.6 m/s increase the likelihood of poor health and function.7,21”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The participating study cohorts, while large and diverse, do not represent the universe of possible data.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strengths of this study are the very large sample of individual participant data from multiple diverse populations of community-dwelling elders who were followed up for many years and use of consistent measures of performance and outcome.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed might help refine survival estimates in clinical practice or research because it is simple and informative.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the gait speed–survival relationship seems continuous across the entire range, cut points may help interpretation.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, participants in these studies had no prior knowledge about the meaning of walking speed.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Slowing gait may reflect both damaged systems and a high-energy cost of walking.13,39–54”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [40]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [43]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [44]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed, age, and sex may offer the clinician tools for assessing expected survival to contribute to tailoring goals of care in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We were unable to assess the association of physical activity with survival in pooled analyses because measures of activity were highly variable across studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, median years of survival in this study resemble estimates for US adults across the sex and age range assessed.62”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [62]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Prior analyses used single cohorts and presented results as relative rather than absolute risk, as done herein.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Some models use self-reported information but others also include physiological or performance data, for a total of 4 to more than 10 predictive factors.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study has the limitations of observational research; it cannot establish causal relationships and is vulnerable to various forms of healthy volunteer bias.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The research studies analyzed herein used trained staff to measure gait speed. Staffin clinical settings would need initial training and may produce more variable results.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Others propose one cutoff around 0.8 m/s.13”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Long-distance walks have become accepted in some medical fields and may contribute information beyond short walks.66–68”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [66]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [67]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [68]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results found herein suggest that gait speed appears to be especially informative in older persons who report either no function all imitations or only difficulty with instrumental ADLs and may be less helpful for older adults who already report dependence in basic ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Similarly, mortality prediction models have been developed.3–5,57–60”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the longer distance and time to perform the test may limit feasibility in many clinical settings.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function.
“There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function, although several models have been developed from individual data sources.3–5”
The paper relies on this without support.
Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients.
“Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Edmonton Frail Scale is a multi-dimensional assessment instrument that includes the TUGT, and a test for cognitive impairment (108). It is quick to administer (less than 5 minutes) and is valid, reliable and feasible for routine use by non-geriatricians”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, gait speed was associated with survival in pooled analysis of individual data from 9 cohort studies (pooled HR per 0.1 m/s: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87–0.90, P < 0.001) (78).”
From Health Consequences of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Narrative Review (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“including a significant association with survival at increments of 0.1 m/s.84”
In the citing paper
“accumulating evidence from both preclinical studies and recent human clinical trials strongly suggests that Mt have a key role in the pathogenesis of age-related functional decline, marked by slower walking speed.(Hiona and Leeuwenburgh 2008;Studenski, Perera, Patel, Rosano, Faulkner, Inzitari, Brach, Chandler, Cawthon, Connor, Nevitt, Visser, Kritchevsky, Badinelli, Harris, Newman, Cauley, Ferru”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Studenski et al. 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“SPPB, 0.738”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“95% CI, 0.690–0.735”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A). In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92”
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialQuantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialThe Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data.
Aitkin, M. A., Kalbfleisch, J. D., & Prentice, R. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530581 · Cited by 9,875
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model
Therneau, T. M., & Grambsch, P. M. (2000) · Statistics for Biology and Health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3294-8 · Cited by 8,674
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380 · cited 5×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialStatistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data
Lawless, J. F. (2002) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118033005 · Cited by 4,521
The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale.
Fried, L. P., Borhani, N. O., Enright, P., Furberg, C. D., Gardin, J. M., Kronmal, R. A., Kuller, L. H., Manolio, T. A., Mittelmark, M. B., Newman, A., et al. (1991) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90005-w · Cited by 3,652
Survival Analysis Techniques for Censored and Truncated Data
Rao, M. B., Klein, J. P., & Moeschberger, M. L. (1998) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270658 · Cited by 3,617
The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation
Washburn, R. A., Smith, K. W., Jette, A. M., & Janney, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4 · Cited by 3,256 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,401–1,500 of 4,515
Evaluating Walking Intensity with Hip-Worn Accelerometers in Elders
Corbett, D. B., Valiani, V., Knaggs, J. D., & Manini, T. M. (2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001018 · Cited by 26
Wang, J., Yuan, W., & An, R. (2018) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2018.05.007 · Cited by 26
Santoni, G., Angleman, S. B., Ek, S., Heiland, E. G., Lågergren, M., Fratiglioni, L., & Welmer, A. (2018) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afy085 · Cited by 27
“We selected the cut-off points based on previous literature that have shown that physical performance (balance [25, 27], chair stands [28] and walking speed [24, 29, 30]) below these thresholds has been associated with an increased likelihood of adverse outcomes, such as injurious falls, disability, morbidity and mort…”
MethodFractures, F. T. S. O. O., Roseen, E. J., LaValley, M. P., Li, S., Saper, R. B., Felson, D. T., & Fredman, L. (2018) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-018-4680-7 · Cited by 29
Brach, J. S., VanSwearingen, J. M., Gil, A. B., Nadkarni, N. K., Kriska, A. M., Cham, R., & Perera, S. (2019) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2019.105912 · Cited by 27
Hoekstra, T., Rojer, A. G. M., van Schoor, N. M., Maier, A. B., & Pijnappels, M. A. G. M. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glaa045 · Cited by 27
Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome in Polypharmacy
George, C. J., & Verghese, J. (2020) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.16380 · Cited by 26
“In the HRS, the timed walk test is used to assess gait velocity, a reliable predictor of cognitive decline and survival in older adults.(14) Walk tests were only performed in those 65 years or older.”
MethodEffects of 4 Weeks of Active Exergames Training on Muscular Fitness in Elderly Women
Gallardo-Meza, C., Simon, K., Bustamante-Ara, N. E., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., García‐Pinillos, F., Keogh, J., & Izquierdo, M. (2020) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003560 · Cited by 29
“1 m·s(21) in walking speed has been associated with increased survival, especially in older women (40).”
BackgroundPreoperative frailty and outcome in patients undergoing radical cystectomy
van der Vlies, E., Los, M., Stijns, P. E. F., van Hengel, M., Blaauw, N. M. S., Bos, W. J. W., van Dongen, E. P. A., van Melick, H. H. E., & Noordzij, P. G. (2020) · British Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/bju.15132 · Cited by 27
Sprint, G., Cook, D. J., & Fritz, R. (2020) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2020.2999607 · Cited by 27
“At the top of the tree is walking speed, which is commonly listed in the literature as a strong predictor of mortality [42].”
BackgroundStepwise regression and latent profile analyses of locomotor outcomes post-stroke
Hornby, T. G., Henderson, C. E., Holleran, C. L., Lovell, L., Roth, E. J., & Jang, J. (2020) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.120.031065 · Cited by 22
“Primary outcomes included (1) over-ground SSV and (2) fastest-possible velocity (FV) using a pressure-sensitive walkway (GaitMat, Chalfont, PA or GaitRite, Haverton, PA); (3) 6-minute walk test (6MWT) with instructions to walk at a normal comfortable pace; and (4) peak treadmill speed during assessments performed on a…”
MethodAn Objective Methodology for the Selection of a Device for Continuous Mobility Assessment
Bonci, T., Keogh, A., Din, S. D., Scott, K., & Mazzà, C. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20226509 · Cited by 26
“Mobility is recognised as one of the vital signs, as reduced mobility, reflected by slower walking speed and its reduction over time, has been associated with greater mortality, morbidity, cognitive decline, dementia, and falls risk [1].”
BackgroundHantel, A., DuMontier, C., Odejide, O. O., Luskin, M. R., Sperling, A. S., Hshieh, T. T., Chen, R., Soiffer, R. J., Driver, J. A., & Abel, G. A. (2020) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.33344 · Cited by 26
“73 m/s) than other studies of other older adult populations, which were made up of relatively younger participants without cancer diagnoses.(29,31) In the current cohort, gait speed categories distinguished distinct survival curves, which were maintained even when restricted to those with an ECOG performance status of…”
ResultStahl, S. T., Altmann, H. M., Dew, M. A., Albert, S. M., Butters, M. A., Gildengers, A. G., Reynolds, C. F., & Karp, J. F. (2021) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.17024 · Cited by 28
“Physical slowing, commonly measured in healthcare settings with gait speed, is associated with elevated anxiety and depression symptoms,(10) cognitive impairment,(10) falls,(11) loss of independence,(12) and mortality.(13) Slow gait speed is a risk factor for depression.”
BackgroundDevelopment and Validation of 2D-LiDAR-Based Gait Analysis Instrument and Algorithm
Yoon, S., Jung, H., Jung, H., Kim, K., Hong, S. K., Roh, H., & Oh, B. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21020414 · Cited by 25
“For example, usual gait speed has been studied for its association with life expectancy [8], risk of fall [9], and risk of adverse outcomes after various clinical procedures [10].”
BackgroundDarraz, S. B., González‐Roldán, A. M., Arrebola, J. D. M., & Montoro, C. I. (2021) · Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología · doi:10.1016/j.regg.2021.01.006 · Cited by 43
Wang, W., Wong, S. S.-L., & Lai, F. H. (2021) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics10091003 · Cited by 26
Prouvot, J., Pambrun, E., Antoine, V., Couchoud, C., Vigneau, C. M., Roche, S., François, M., Mariat, C., Babici, D., Prelipcean, C., et al. (2021) · Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s40620-021-01180-1 · Cited by 25
“Moreover, none of the evaluated scores used geriatric predictors (malnutrition, cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, functional status), although these are positively correlated with age and albuminuria and negatively with eGFR [44] and have been associated with death and need for RRT [9, 45, 46].”
BackgroundKraus, M., Saller, M. M., Baumbach, S. F., Neuerburg, C., Stumpf, U. C., Böcker, W., & Keppler, A. M. (2022) · JMIR Medical Informatics · doi:10.2196/32724 · Cited by 27
“Previous studies have proposed that gait speed is the most relevant parameter to identify patients with physical frailty [4].”
BackgroundEndurance and gait speed relationships with mild cognitive impairment and dementia
Windham, B. G., Parker, S. B., Zhu, X., Gabriel, K. P., Palta, P., Sullivan, K., Parker, K. G., Knopman, D. S., Gottesman, R. F., Griswold, M. E., et al. (2022) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring · doi:10.1002/dad2.12281 · Cited by 27
Mori, K., Murata, S., Goda, A., Kikuchi, Y., Shiraiwa, K., Horie, J., & Nakano, H. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10101905 · Cited by 27
Jayaraman, C., Embry, K., Mummidisetty, C. K., Moon, Y., Giffhorn, M., Prokup, S., Lim, B., Lee, J., Lee, Y., Lee, M., et al. (2022) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-022-01121-4 · Cited by 26
Hwang, H., Suprawesta, L., Chen, S., Yu, W., & Lin, M. (2023) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-023-03741-4 · Cited by 26
“A slower gait is consistently associated with cognitive declines and dementia [12, 13, 15] and specifically parallels declines in global cognition, memory, and executive function [54].”
BackgroundActivity patterns are associated with fractional lifespan, memory, and gait speed in aged dogs
Mondino, A., Khan, M. Z., Case, B. C., Giovagnoli, S., Thomson, A., Lascelles, B. D. X., Gruen, M. E., & Olby, N. J. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-29181-z · Cited by 28
Neurophysiology of cerebellar ataxias and gait disorders
Manto, M. U., Serrao, M., Castiglia, S. F., Timmann, D., Tzvi, E., Pan, M., Kuo, S., & Ugawa, Y. (2023) · Clinical Neurophysiology Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cnp.2023.07.002 · Cited by 26
“Although part of these gait changes is due to normal aging, individual walking speed in senior persons is a potent predictor of overall health and survival (Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundButtery, S. C., Williams, P. J., Alghamdi, S. M., Philip, K. E. J., Perkins, A., Kallis, C., Quint, J. K., Polkey, M. I., Breuls, S., Buekers, J., et al. (2023) · European Respiratory Review · doi:10.1183/16000617.0134-2023 · Cited by 28
“Digitally assessed gait speed is a reliable indicator of age-related decline associated with important health outcomes and other measures of function [64, 73 – 75].”
BackgroundMethodPark, K. H. J. (2015) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2015.0506 · Cited by 27
Mortality in the Vertebroplasty Population
McDonald, R. J., Achenbach, S. J., Atkinson, E. J., Gray, L. A., Cloft, H. J., Melton, L. J., & Kallmes, D. F. (2011) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a2616 · Cited by 27
Ihira, H., Furuna, T., Mizumoto, A., Makino, K., Saitoh, S., Ohnishi, H., Shimada, H., & Makizako, H. (2014) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2014.967169 · Cited by 27
Brito, L. V. D. O., Neto, G. D. A. M., Moraes, H., Emerick, R. F. E. S., & Deslandes, A. C. (2014) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2014.05.010 · Cited by 26
Fernandes, J., Pérez‐Zepeda, M. U., Béland, F., Guralnik, J. M., Zunzunegui, M. V., & Guerra, R. O. (2016) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-016-9888-z · Cited by 26
Skoog, I. G., Hörder, H., Frändin, K., Johansson, L. H., Östling, S., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., & Zettergren, A. (2016) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2016.00225 · Cited by 24
“…key components of sarcopenia (Sayer et al., 2013) and frailty (Fried et al., 2001), where grip strength is an estimate of overall muscle strength (Rantanen et al., 1994), while gait speed includes both muscle strength, balance, motor control, and cardiorespiratory function (Studenski et al., 2011).”
Balance and Mobility in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults: Effect of Daytime Sleepiness
Tyagi, S., Perera, S., & Brach, J. S. (2016) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.14735 · Cited by 26
“Pooled analysis of nine cohorts from multiple diverse populations of community-dwelling older adults showed that accuracy of gait speed, age, and sex in assessing expected survival is comparable with accuracy of more-complex models involving multiple healthrelated factors or functional status.(54) A similar pooled ana…”
MethodJohnston, K., Potter, A. J., & Phillips, A. (2017) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzx063 · Cited by 26
Kuhman, D. J., Willson, J. D., Mizelle, J. C., & DeVita, P. (2018) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.01.006 · Cited by 29
Frail and pre-frail phenotype is associated with pain in older HIV-infected patients
Petit, N., Enel, P., Ravaux, I., Darque, A., Baumstarck, K., Brégigeon, S., & Rétornaz, F. (2018) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000009852 · Cited by 27
“8m/s indicated positive marker for slowness.([7,17])”
Keteyian, S. J., Kerrigan, D. J., Lewis, B., Ehrman, J. K., & Brawner, C. A. (2018) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2018.05.017 · Cited by 25
Compromised prefrontal structure and function are associated with slower walking in older adults
Poole, V. N., Wooten, T., Iloputaife, I., Milberg, W., Esterman, M. S., & Lipsitz, L. A. (2018) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.08.017 · Cited by 26
“Specifically, slow walking is one of Fried's defining criteria for frailty and is predictive of falls, morbidity, and mortality (Afilalo et al., 2010; Fried et al., 2001; Studenski et al., 2011).”
Stuart, M. E., Dromerick, A. W., Macko, R. F., Benvenuti, F., Beamer, B. A., Sorkin, J. D., Chard, S. E., & Weinrich, M. (2019) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968319862562 · Cited by 26
The Controversial Condition of Cognitive Frailty: What It Is, What It Should Be
Cesari, M., Sloane, P. D., & Zimmerman, S. I. (2020) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2019.12.013 · Cited by 26
Giménez‐Llort, L., Marín-Pardo, D., Marazuela, P., & Hernández‐Guillamón, M. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9060636 · Cited by 26
Cole, S., Riccio, M. T., & Balcetis, E. (2014) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-014-9432-3 · Cited by 28
Gait Velocity Estimation Using Time-Interleaved Between Consecutive Passive IR Sensor Activations
Rana, R. K., Austin, D., Jacobs, P. G., Karunanithi, M., & Kaye, J. A. (2016) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2016.2577708 · Cited by 23
Schmidheiny, A., Swanenburg, J., Straumann, D., de Bruin, E. D., & Knols, R. H. (2015) · BMC Ear Nose and Throat Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12901-015-0019-8 · Cited by 25
Running for Exercise Mitigates Age-Related Deterioration of Walking Economy
Ortega, J. D., Beck, O. N., Roby, J. M., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113471 · Cited by 25
Martin, K. D., Unangst, A. M., Huh, J., et al. (2019) · Foot & Ankle International · doi:10.1177/1071100719862743 · Cited by 25
Basu, A. (2019) · Kidney International Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2019.09.014 · Cited by 26
“Painter P, Marcus RL. Assessing physical function and physical activity in patients with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol.”
BackgroundInfluentialDu, X., Chen, Y., Bouferguène, A., et al. (2020) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104790 · Cited by 25
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in the Management of Older Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
Singh, M., Spertus, J. A., Gharacholou, S. M., Arora, R. C., Widmer, R. J., Kanwar, A., Sanjanwala, R., Welle, G. A., & Al-Hijji, M. A. (2020) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.09.003 · Cited by 25
Postural instability and the condition of physical frailty in the elderly.
Moraes, D. C., Lenardt, M. H., Seima, M. D., de Mello, B. H., Setoguchi, L. S., & Sétlik, C. M. (2019) · PubMed Central · doi:10.1590/1518-8345.2655-3146 · Cited by 25
Goel, K., O’Leary, J., Barker, C. M., Levack, M. M., Rajagopal, V., Makkar, R., BAJWA, T. K., Kleiman, N. S., Linke, A. H.-P., Kereiakes, D. J., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.120.017075 · Cited by 25
“10,11 15 Given its simplicity and predictive value, assessment of gait speed is now routinely performed in all patients considered for TAVR and is a required data element in the TVT (Transcatheter Valve Therapies) registry.”
Master, H., Coleman, G., Dobson, F., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.200771 · Cited by 25
Kafri, M., Weiss, P. L., Zeilig, G., Bondi, M., Baum-Cohen, I., & Kizony, R. (2021) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-021-00830-6 · Cited by 26
Reis, J. M. S., Alves, L. S., & Vogt, B. P. (2021) · Journal of Renal Nutrition · doi:10.1053/j.jrn.2021.06.011 · Cited by 25
Wang, H., Liu, H., Guo, F., Li, J., Li, P., Guan, T., Yao, Y., Lv, X., & Xue, T. (2021) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glab370 · Cited by 26
Pfeifer, L. O., Nardi, A. T. D., da Silva, L. X. N., Botton, C. E., do Nascimento, D. M., Teodoro, J. L., Schaan, B. D., & Umpierre, D. (2022) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-022-00422-1 · Cited by 31
“Low walking speed [12], performance on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) [13] and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) [14] tests, low muscle strength [15], and cardiorespiratory fitness [16], for example, have been associated with mortality.”
MethodAlbertson, A. J., Landsness, E. C., Tang, M., Yan, P., Miao, H., Rosenthal, Z. P., Kim, B., Culver, J. P., Bauer, A. Q., & Lee, J. (2022) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119287 · Cited by 23
Fragoso, C. A. V., Miller, M. E., King, A. C., Kritchevsky, S. B., Liu, C., Myers, V. H., Nadkarni, N. K., Pahor, M., Spring, B. J., Gill, T. M., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.13509 · Cited by 29
Evaluation of older Adults with obesity for bariatric surgery: Geriatricians' perspective
Batsis, J. A., & Dolkart, K. M. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jcgg.2015.01.001 · Cited by 25
Peper, C. E., de Dreu, M. J., & Roerdink, M. (2015) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.02.016 · Cited by 25
Using Walking Speed in Clinical Practice
Lusardi, M. M. (2012) · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/tgr.0b013e31823d7b9f · Cited by 25
Walking and Talking in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Shin, S., Chung, H. R., Kistler, B. M., Fitschen, P. J., Wilund, K. R., & Sosnoff, J. J. (2012) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2012.07.015 · Cited by 25
Walking Smoothness Is Associated With Self-Reported Function After Accounting for Gait Speed
Lowry, K. A., VanSwearingen, J. M., Perera, S., et al. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glt034 · Cited by 25
Self-citationLipid-Lowering Drugs Associated With Slower Motor Decline in the Elderly Adults
Dumurgier, J., Singh‐Manoux, A., Tavernier, B., Tzourio, C., & Elbaz, A. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glt140 · Cited by 27
Judd, D. L., Winters, J. D., Stevens‐Lapsley, J. E., et al. (2015) · Clinical Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.12.008 · Cited by 25
Intraindividual variability and falls in older adults.
Bauermeister, S., Sutton, G. C., Mon-Williams, M. A., et al. (2016) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/neu0000328 · Cited by 25
Sant'Anna, T. J. P., Donária, L., Furlanetto, K. C., Morakami, F., Rodrigues, A., Grosskreutz, T., Hernandes, N. A., Gosselink, R., & Pitta, F. D. O. (2017) · Respiratory Care · doi:10.4187/respcare.05058 · Cited by 25
Continuous measuring of the indoor walking speed of older adults living alone
Aicha, A. N., Englebienne, G., & Kröse, B. (2017) · Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing · doi:10.1007/s12652-017-0456-x · Cited by 25
“2011), but also of hospitalization and survival (Studenski et al. 2011).”
BackgroundHvid, L. G., Nielsen, M. K. F., Simonsen, C., Andersen, M., & Caserotti, P. (2017) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.03.019 · Cited by 28
“, 2009) and has previously been shown useful in terms of identifying older adults at high risk of morbidity and mortality (Purser et al., 2005; Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSchmidt, H., Boese, S., Lampe, K., Jordan, K., Fiedler, E., Müller‐Werdan, U., Wienke, A., & Vordermark, D. (2017) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2017.04.002 · Cited by 25
Assessing a novel way to measure step count while walking using a custom mobile phone application
Hurt, C. P., Lein, D. H., Smith, C. R., Curtis, J. R., Westfall, A. O., Cortis, J., Rice, C., & Willig, J. H. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206828 · Cited by 25
“Walking speed is associated with mobility disability, mortality, and determining optimal rehabilitation care settings post hospital stay [1–3].”
BackgroundKim, M., & Won, C. W. (2018) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2018.12.009 · Cited by 25
Machine-Learning Based Determination of Gait Events from Foot-Mounted Inertial Units
Zago, M., Tarabini, M., Spiga, M. D., Ferrario, C., Bertozzi, F., Sforza, C., & Galli, M. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21030839 · Cited by 25
“Clinical gait analysis is routinely performed by medical operators to assess ambulatory functional limitations in people with musculoskeletal or cognitive impairments [1,2], as well as to evaluate an individual’s quality of life, morbidity and/or mortality [3].”
BackgroundSlow gait speed – an indicator of lower cerebral vasoreactivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Jorâ€TMdan, A. J., Manor, B. D., & Novak, V. (2014) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00135 · Cited by 25
Head movement and its relation to hearing
Higgins, N. C., Pupo, D. A., Ozmeral, E. J., & Eddins, D. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1183303 · Cited by 26
“As a physical activity, walking requires coordinated integration of a number of different systems, and gait speed is a useful indicator of overall health quality (Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundStenholm, S., Guralnik, J. M., Bandinelli, S., & Ferrucci, L. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glt175 · Cited by 24
Death and Near Death from Cardiac Arrest during the Boston Marathon
Cohen, S. I., & Ellis, E. R. (2011) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2011.03248.x · Cited by 25
Lee, W., Liu, L.-K., Hwang, A., Peng, L., Lin, M.-H., & Chen, L. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09366-z · Cited by 25
“The exclusion criteria were (1) participants who could not communicate with research nurses, (2) those with limited life expectancy due to major illness (3) current residents in long-term facilities, and (4) those who were unable to complete evaluations due to poor function.”
Benraad, C. E. M., Disselhorst, L. G. M., Laurenssen, N. C. W., Hilderink, P. H., Melis, R. J. F., Spijker, J., & Rikkert, M. G. M. O. (2018) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2018.1515888 · Cited by 28
Postoperative physical activity in orthogeriatric patients – new insights with continuous monitoring
Keppler, A. M., Holzschuh, J., Pfeufer, D., Neuerburg, C., Kammerlander, C., Böcker, W., & Fürmetz, J. (2020) · Injury · doi:10.1016/j.injury.2020.01.041 · Cited by 24
Arnal‐Gómez, A., Iranzo, M. À. C. I., Tomás, J. M., Chuliá, M. Á. T., Balasch‐Bernat, M., Sentandreu‐Mañó, T., Forcano, S., & Serrano, N. C. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10051018 · Cited by 25
“8 m/s being the cut-off for men and women [31,32].”
BackgroundA Pilot Study to Validate a Wearable Inertial Sensor for Gait Assessment in Older Adults with Falls
Neira, G. G.-V., Álvarez, M. N., Hoyas, E. H., Jiménez, A. R., & Rodriguez‐Sanchez, M. C. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21134334 · Cited by 25
“6 m/s an increased risk of disability and they both need further clinical review [33].”
BackgroundPark, H., Aul, C., Degutis, J. M., Lo, O., Poole, V. N., McGlinchey, R. E., Bean, J. F., Leritz, E. C., & Esterman, M. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.703434 · Cited by 23
Föhr, T., Törmäkangas, T., Lankila, H., Viljanen, A., Rantanen, T., Ollikainen, M., Kaprio, J. A., & Sillanpää, E. (2021) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glab270 · Cited by 28
“They capture current and preceding lifetime influences on functioning and predict disability and mortality risk (14,15).”
BackgroundBaltasar‐Fernandez, I., Alcázar, J., Losa‐Reyna, J., Soto-Paniagua, H., Alegre, L. M., Takai, Y., Ruiz-Cárdenas, J. D., Signorile, J. F., Rodríguez‐Mañas, L., García‐García, F. J., et al. (2021) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111619 · Cited by 24
Schietzel, S., Chocano-Bedoya, P. O., Sadlon, A., Gagesch, M., Willett, W. C., Orav, E. J., Kressig, R. W., Vellas, B. J., Rizzoli, R., da Silva, J. A. P., et al. (2022) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-022-02755-8 · Cited by 26
“Pooled analysis of individual data from nine older adult cohorts (34,485 community-dwelling seniors) showed an independent association between faster gait speed and increased survival across all gait speeds and age groups [51].”
Sarcopenia and mortality risk in community-dwelling Brazilian older adults
Pereira, C. C., Pagotto, V., de Oliveira, C. M., & Silveira, É. A. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-22153-9 · Cited by 27
Mandal, B., Pradhan, K. C., Mohanty, P., & Muhammad, T. (2023) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-023-04002-0 · Cited by 24
History of falls, gait, balance, and fall risks in older cancer survivors living in the community
Huang, M. H., Shilling, T., Miller, K., Smith, K., & Fredrickson, K. (2015) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s89067 · Cited by 25
Identification and treatment of older persons with sarcopenia
Lauretani, F., Bautmans, I., Vita, F. D., Nardelli, A., Ceda, G. P., & Maggio, M. G. (2014) · The Aging Male · doi:10.3109/13685538.2014.958457 · Cited by 24
Prevalence of pre-frailty for the component of gait speed in older adults
Lenardt, M. H., Carneiro, N. H. K., Betiolli, S. E., et al. (2013) · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/s0104-11692013000300012 · Cited by 24
Boxer, R. S., Dolansky, M. A., Bodnar, C. A., Singer, M. E., Albert, J. M., & Gravenstein, S. (2013) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.023 · Cited by 24
Skeletal Muscle Mass and Muscular Function in Master Swimmers Is Related to Training Distance
Abe, T., Kojima, K., & Stager, J. M. (2014) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2014.1563 · Cited by 25
Botoseneanu, A., Allore, H. G., Gahbauer, E. A., & Gill, T. M. (2012) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gls228 · Cited by 24
Bondoc, I., Cochrane, S., Church, T. S., Dahinden, P., Hettwer, S., Hsu, F., Stafford, R. S., Pahor, M., & Buford, T. W. (2015) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-015-0474-3 · Cited by 24
Sanderson, W. C., Scherbov, S., Weber, D., & Bordone, V. (2016) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264316656515 · Cited by 24
Multiple Sclerosis and Clinical Gait Analysis before and after Fampridine: A Systematic Review
Lecat, M., Decavel, P., Magnin, É., Lucas, B., Grémeaux, V., & Sagawa, Y. (2017) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000480729 · Cited by 24
Gow, B. J., Hausdorff, J. M., Manor, B. D., Lipsitz, L. A., Macklin, E. A., Bonato, P., Novak, V., Peng, C., Ahn, A. C., & Wayne, P. M. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186212 · Cited by 24
Preventing cardiovascular disease in older adults: One size does not fit all
Orkaby, A. R., Onuma, O. K., Qazi, S., Gaziano, J. M., & Driver, J. A. (2018) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.85a.16119 · Cited by 24
“8,17 In a prospective study 18 of 1,567 men and women, mean age 74, slow gait speed was the strongest predictor of subsequent cardiovascular events.”
BackgroundKim, M. K., Yoon, J.-R., Yang, S.-H., et al. (2018) · Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy · doi:10.1007/s00167-018-4863-0 · Cited by 24
Metadata
- Authors
- Studenski, S.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Studenski, Stephanie
- ORCID
- Studenski, Stephanie
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-01-05
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC3080184
- OpenAlex
- W2159296038
- Semantic Scholar
- 25de2f67035336224c9f1e37f58c5b531d34b9ed
- Cited by
- 4,558
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 377 · 2025: 333 · 2024: 267 · 2023: 311 · 2022: 355 · 2021: 399 · 2020: 389 · 2019: 358 · 2018: 272 · 2017: 301 · 2016: 255 · 2015: 273 · 2014: 243 · 2013: 184 · 2012: 166
- FWCI
- 100.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute on Aging (AG023641, AG 024827, K07AG023641, P30AG024827, P30AG021332)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- walking speed, survival, older adults, life expectancy, physical performance, mortality prediction, goals of care, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Gait, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, United States, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Survival Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
