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Cited by 477Nutritional Studies and DietCardiovascular Health and Risk FactorsLipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health

A Prospective Study of Egg Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Men and Women

Hu, Frank B.·1999·JAMA
DOI 10.1001/jama.281.15.1387
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Abstract

CONTEXT: Reduction in egg consumption has been widely recommended to lower blood cholesterol levels and prevent coronary heart disease (CHD). Epidemiologic studies on egg consumption and risk of CHD are sparse. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between egg consumption and risk of CHD and stroke in men and women. DESIGN AND SETTING: Two prospective cohort studies, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-1994) and the Nurses' Health Study (1980-1994). PARTICIPANTS: A total of 37851 men aged 40 to 75 years at study outset and 80082 women aged 34 to 59 years at study outset, free of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, or cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incident nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal CHD, and stroke corresponding to daily egg consumption as determined by a food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: We documented 866 incident cases of CHD and 258 incident cases of stroke in men during 8 years of follow-up and 939 incident cases of CHD and 563 incident cases of stroke in women during 14 years of follow-up. After adjustment for age, smoking, and other potential CHD risk factors, we found no evidence of an overall significant association between egg consumption and risk of CHD or stroke in either men or women. The relative risks (RRs) of CHD across categories of intake were less than 1 per week (1.0), 1 per week (1.06), 2 to 4 per week (1.12), 5 to 6 per week (0.90), and > or =1 per day (1.08) (P for trend = .75) for men; and less than 1 per week (1.0), 1 per week (0.82), 2 to 4 per week (0.99), 5 to 6 per week (0.95), and > or =1 per day (0.82) (P for trend = .95) for women. In subgroup analyses, higher egg consumption appeared to be associated with increased risk of CHD only among diabetic subjects (RR of CHD comparing more than 1 egg per day with less than 1 egg per week among diabetic men, 2.02 [95% confidence interval, 1.05-3.87; P for trend = .04], and among diabetic women, 1.49 [0.88-2.52; P for trend = .008]). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that consumption of up to 1 egg per day is unlikely to have substantial overall impact on the risk of CHD or stroke among healthy men and women. The apparent increased risk of CHD associated with higher egg consumption among diabetic participants warrants further research.

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  • A growing body of evidence demonstrates a lack of relationship between egg consumption and coronary heart disease.

    “While the consumption of eggs has been criticized due to their cholesterol content, a growing body of evidence demonstrates the lack of a relationship between egg consumption and coronary heart disease, making egg-based products more appealing [176].”

    From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [176]

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Authors
Hu, F. B.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
Hu, Frank B.
ORCID
Hu, Frank B.
Venue
JAMA
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
1999-04-21
Volume
281
Issue
15
Pages
1387
ISSN
  • 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
  • 0098-7484
DOI
10.1001/jama.281.15.1387
OpenAlex
W2124315101
Cited by
477
References
4
Citations by year
2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 34
FWCI
17.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • JAMA (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL24074, R01HL035464, HL35464, HL34594, R01HL034594)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Keywords
egg consumption, cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, dietary cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, sex differences, dietary fat, saturated fat, dietary fiber, dietary sodium, dietary calcium, potassium intake, dietary magnesium, dietary protein, dietary carotenoids, dietary antioxidants
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Diabetes Mellitus, Diet Surveys, Eggs, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Multivariate Analysis

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