Effect of Parental Counseling on Infants’ Healthy Sleep Habits in Brazil: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Open accessAbstract
Importance: Poor sleep during early childhood is associated with adverse outcomes, including obesity, cognitive impairment, and mental and behavioral disorders. Objective: To assess the efficacy of an educational intervention in the promotion of nighttime sleep duration. Design, Setting, and Participants: This single-blind, intent-to-treat randomized clinical trial included participants in Pelotas, Brazil, aged 3 months who were followed up until age 24 months. Eligibility criteria included healthy infants aged approximately 3 months who slept less than 15 hours per 24 hours. Infants were randomized to the intervention group or control group. Interventions: Information on sleep characteristics, improvements in the environment, establishment of a nighttime sleep routine, and waiting before attending nocturnal awakenings was delivered to mothers in the intervention group by trained home-visitors at baseline. The intervention group received a telephone call on the first and second day after the intervention and a home visit on the third day after the intervention. The intervention's content was reinforced at health care visits for ages 6 months and 12 months. Mothers allocated to the control group were counseled on the benefits of breastfeeding for the mother's and child's health and given written material with content on breastfeeding. Main Outcomes and Measures: Nighttime sleep duration was measured by interview and actigraphy at baseline and ages 6, 12, and 24 months and diaries at baseline and age 6 months. At ages 3 and 6 months, nighttime sleep self-regulation was calculated by subtracting nighttime sleep duration recorded by actigraphy from nighttime sleep duration recorded in the diaries and at ages 12 and 24 months by subtracting nighttime sleep duration recorded by actigraphy from nighttime sleep duration obtained by interview. Results: Among 1812 mother-infant dyads invited to participate, 798 met the inclusion criteria and 586 agreed to participate. The intervention group included 298 infants (154 [52.9%] boys), and the control group included 288 infants (164 [58.2%] boys). At age 6 months, mean (SD) nighttime sleep duration recorded in diaries was 9.80 (1.85) hours in the intervention group and 9.49 (2.07) hours in the control group, a difference of 19 minutes longer for the intervention group. At age 12 months, mean (SD) nighttime sleep duration based on the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire was 8.43 (1.35) hours in the intervention group and 8.52 (1.35) hours in the control group, a difference of 5 minutes shorter for the intervention group. At age 24 months, compared with information from the interview, actigraphy records showed that children in the intervention group stayed awake at night without signalizing for a mean (SD) of 0.52 (2.52) hours, whereas children in the control group stayed awake at night without signalizing for a mean (SD) of 0.23 (2.43) hours. There were no statistically significant difference between groups in any of the sleep parameters investigated. Conclusions and Relevance: This randomized clinical trial found that the educational intervention did not achieve longer nighttime sleep duration among infants in the intervention group. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02788630.
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The traditional intervention strategy for ISD has been targeted and treatment-oriented, aiming to improve disrupted parental sleep by eliminating infant 'sleep problems'.
“In contrast the traditional intervention strategy for ISD has been targeted and treatment-oriented, aiming to improve disrupted parental sleep by eliminating infant ‘sleep problems’ [22–24].”
From Development and evaluation of ‘Sleep, Baby & You’—An approach to supporting parental well-being and responsive infant caregiving (2020) · cites this paper as [24]
The Discussion (page not provided) says most previously published interventions targeted children with severe sleeping problems, supporting the claim that traditional approaches were targeted. It describes their aim as improving child sleep, but does not say they sought to improve disrupted parental sleep by eliminating infant sleep problems. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured'Limit-setting' educational approaches have been unsuccessful in achieving their primary outcome of increasing the duration of infant night-time sleep.
“but have been unsuccessful in achieving their primary outcome of increasing the duration of infant night-time sleep”
From Development and evaluation of ‘Sleep, Baby & You’—An approach to supporting parental well-being and responsive infant caregiving (2020) · cites this paper as [24]
'Limit-setting' educational approaches designed to support the development of 'settled infant night-time behaviour' have been examined as preventative interventions.
“‘Limit-setting’ educational approaches designed to support the development of ‘settled infant night-time behaviour’ have been examined as preventative interventions [7,24,26]”
From Development and evaluation of ‘Sleep, Baby & You’—An approach to supporting parental well-being and responsive infant caregiving (2020) · cites this paper as [24]
Several trials have tested the effectiveness of educational interventions (based on sleep hygiene, self-settling, and the use of routines) alone or in combination with other psychological approaches.
“Although several trials have tested the effectiveness of educational interventions (based on sleep hygiene, self-settling, and the use of routines) alone or in combination with other psychological approaches [13,23–25]”
From Development and evaluation of ‘Sleep, Baby & You’—An approach to supporting parental well-being and responsive infant caregiving (2020) · cites this paper as [24]
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- Authors
- Santos, I. S., Del-Ponte, B., Tovo-Rodrigues, L., Halal, C. S., Matijasevich, A., Cruz, S., Anselmi, L., Silveira, M. F., Hallal, P. R. C., & Bassani, D. G.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (BR)
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Ministério da Saúde (BR)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Santos, Iná S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA Network Open
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2019-12-20
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- e1918062
- ISSN
- 2574-3805 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6991232
- OpenAlex
- W2995606740
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 2.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- JAMA Network Open (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PUCRS Repository (Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- Wellcome Trust (095582)
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (095582)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Infant Health and Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- infant sleep habits, nighttime sleep duration, parental counseling, home visiting intervention, sleep environment, sleep routines, nocturnal awakenings, breastfeeding counseling, maternal education, early childhood sleep
- MeSH terms
- Infant Health, Brazil, Counseling, Female, Health Education, Health Promotion, Humans, Infant, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Sleep, Telephone, Single-Blind Method
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Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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