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Cited by 24Sleep and related disordersChild and Adolescent HealthInjury Epidemiology and Prevention

Regulations to promote healthy sleep practices in child care

Open access
Benjamin Neelon, Sara E., Duffey, Kiyah, Slining, Meghan M.·2014·Pediatrics
DOI 10.1542/peds.2014-0578PMC PMC4243065
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Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess state licensing and administrative regulations promoting healthy sleep practices in child care and to compare these regulations to national recommendations. METHODS: We reviewed regulations related to healthy sleep practices for all states and territories for both child care centers (centers) and family child care homes (homes). We compared regulations with Institute of Medicine recommendations to promote sleep in child care, including (1) create environments that ensure restful sleep; (2) encourage sleep-promoting behaviors and practices; (3) encourage practices that promote child self-regulation of sleep; and (4) seek consultation yearly from a sleep expert. We used Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel trend tests to assess associations between geographic region and number of regulations consistent with the recommendations. RESULTS: The mean number of regulations for states was 0.9 for centers and 0.8 for homes out of a possible 4.0. For centers, no state had regulations for all 4 recommendations; 11 states had regulations for 2 of the 4 recommendations. For homes, 9 states had regulations for 2 of the recommendations. States in the Northeast had the greatest mean number of regulations for centers (1.2) and homes (1.1), and states in the South had the fewest (0.7 and 0.7, respectively); these geographic differences were significant for centers (P = .03) but not homes (P = .14). CONCLUSIONS: More states in the Northeast had regulations consistent with the Institute of Medicine sleep recommendations, but overall few states had regulations consistent with the recommendations.

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  • Breastfeeding mothers tend to spend more time soothing and cuddling their infants and engage in more skin-to-skin contact, which is associated with increased mother-infant cortisol concordance and higher maternal oxytocin.

    “Breastfeeding mothers tend to spend more time soothing and cuddling their infants compared to formula-fed babies [81], and also engage in more skin to skin contact (SSC), which has been associated with increased levels of mother–infant cortisol concordance and heightened maternal levels of oxytocin”

    From Benefits of a bedtime routine in young children: Sleep, development, and beyond. (2018) · cites this paper as [83]

    The paper’s Overview describes a review of child-care sleep regulations, and its Discussion addresses sleep duration and obesity; page numbers are unavailable in our copy. Searches for breastfeeding, soothing, skin-to-skin contact, cortisol concordance, and maternal oxytocin found no passage addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.78)

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  • Breastfeeding may also facilitate greater parent-child bonding and attachment, though less research is available on this topic.

    “Breastfeeding may also facilitate increased parent–child bonding and attachment, although there is less available research on this topic.”

    From Benefits of a bedtime routine in young children: Sleep, development, and beyond. (2018) · cites this paper as [83]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) addresses child-care sleep regulations, sleep and obesity, and a previous study of infant-feeding regulations; it does not address bonding or attachment. Searches for breastfeeding and parent–child bonding, including maternal–infant attachment, found no passage supporting the claim or its statement about the amount of research available. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [11]11. Crespo CJ, Smit E, Troiano RP, Bartlett SJ, Macera CA, Andersen RE. Television watch- ing, energy intake, and obesity in US chil- dren: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988- 1994. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001;155 (3):360-365
  2. [35]35. Mersky RM, Dunn DJ. Fundamentals of Le- gal Research, 8th ed. New York, NY: Foun- dation Press; 2002

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Authors
Benjamin Neelon, S. E., Duffey, K., & Slining, M. M.
Affiliations
  • Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina;
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
ORCID
Slining, Meghan M.
Venue
Pediatrics
Publisher
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published
2014-12-01
Volume
134
Issue
6
Pages
1167-1174
ISSN
  • 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-4275
DOI
10.1542/peds.2014-0578
PMC
PMC4243065
OpenAlex
W2134715444
Cited by
24
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
FWCI
3.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust
  • United Kingdom Clinical Research Collaboration
  • Cancer Research UK
  • National Institute for Health and Care Research
  • British Heart Foundation
  • Centre for Diet and Activity Research
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Medical Research Council (MR/K023187/1)
  • Economic and Social Research Council (ES/G007462/1)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R21HD070822)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Child and Adolescent Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
Keywords
children's sleep, daycare centers, family child care homes, state regulatory policy
MeSH terms
Child, Child Day Care Centers, Child, Preschool, Health Promotion, Humans, Infant, Licensure, Referral and Consultation, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Social Control, Informal, Social Environment, United States, Health Behavior, Parenting

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