Cognitive, behavioral, and functional consequences of inadequate sleep in children and adolescents

Beebe, Dean W.

doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2011.03.002

Cited by 638Sleep and related disordersSleep and Wakefulness ResearchSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

Cognitive, behavioral, and functional consequences of inadequate sleep in children and adolescents

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Beebe, Dean W.·2011·Pediatric Clinics of North America

DOI 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.03.002PMC PMC3100528

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Abstract

This article summarizes correlational, case-control, quasi-experimental, and experimental studies that have examined whether sleep during childhood and adolescence is related to daytime functioning. Published findings suggest that inadequate sleep quality and/or quantity can cause sleepiness, inattention and, very likely, other cognitive and behavioral deficits that significantly impact children and adolescents in functional settings. This article then integrates findings from longitudinal studies within a developmental psychopathology model. Important questions remain, but evidence supports the integration of sleep screening and interventions into routine clinical care and also supports advocacy for public policy changes to improve the sleep of children and adolescents.

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Adolescents with insufficient sleep have higher rates of behavior regulation problems, depression, anxiety, and risky behaviors than those with healthy sleep durations.
“Adolescents who do not get enough sleep have higher rates of behavior regulation problems, depression, anxiety, and risky behaviors than adolescents with healthy sleep durations (Beebe, 2011; Shochat et al., 2014), because sleep deprivation changes risk-taking, sensation-seeking, and impulsivity and is linked to poorer emotional processing (Krause et al., 2017).”
From School start time delays and high school educational outcomes: Evidence from the START/LEARN study (2023) · cites this paper as Beebe, 2011
The Correlational and Case-Control Studies section links inadequate sleep to behavior-regulation difficulties and adolescent risk-taking. Adding a Developmental Context reports that childhood sleep problems predict later anxiety and depressive symptoms, including across adolescence. But the paper says associations between sleep duration and emotional functioning are mixed; it does not establish higher rates of all four outcomes in adolescents with insufficient versus healthy sleep durations. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Sufficient sleep is necessary for the cognitive, health, and behavioral factors that support educational success.
“We expect links between school start time delays and academic performance because getting enough sleep is a key input to the cognitive, health, and behavioral factors necessary for educational success.”
From School start time delays and high school educational outcomes: Evidence from the START/LEARN study (2023) · cites this paper as Beebe, 2011
Early childhood sleep problems are associated with poor developmental outcomes across neurocognitive, social-emotional, physical health, and family functioning domains.
“early childhood sleep problems are associated with a number of poor developmental outcomes across neurocognitive [4,5], social-emotional [6-9], physical health [10,11], and family functioning domains [12-15]”
From Benefits of a bedtime routine in young children: Sleep, development, and beyond. (2018) · cites this paper as [4]

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“Sleep deprivation has been linked to obesity (Nielsen, Danielsen, & Sørensen, 2011), mood problems and suicidal ideation (Sarchiapone et al., 2014; Touchette et al., 2012), academic and school concerns (Asarnow, McGlinchey, & Harvey, 2014; Beebe, 2011), and conduct problems (Lin & Yi, 2015).”
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Authors: Beebe, D. W.
Affiliations: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Beebe, Dean W.
ORCID: Beebe, Dean W.
Venue: Pediatric Clinics of North America
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2011-06
Volume: 58
Issue: 3
Pages: 649-665
ISSN: 0031-3955 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.03.002
PMC: PMC3100528
OpenAlex: W2086869244
Cited by: 638
References: 108
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 4.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Pediatric Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL092149)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords: insufficient sleep, sleep duration, sleep quality, children, adolescents, daytime functioning, sleepiness, inattention, cognitive impairment, behavioral deficits, developmental psychopathology, sleep screening, sleep interventions, public policy
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Cognition, Humans, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Quality of Life, Sleep, Stress, Psychological

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Cognitive, behavioral, and functional consequences of inadequate sleep in children and adolescents

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