The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 17 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Fast-Food and Full-Service Restaurant Consumption Among Children and Adolescents: Effect on Energy, Beverage, and Nutrient Intake
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption on total energy intake, dietary indicators, and beverage consumption. DESIGN: Individual-level fixed-effects estimation based on 2 nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls. SETTING: Nationally representative data from the 2003-2004, 2005-2006, and 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PARTICIPANTS: Children aged 2 to 11 years (n = 4717) and adolescents aged 12 to 19 years (n = 4699). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Daily total energy intake in kilocalories; intake of grams of sugar, total fat, saturated fat, and protein and milligrams of sodium; and total grams of sugar-sweetened beverages, regular soda, and milk consumed. RESULTS: Fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption, respectively, was associated with a net increase in daily total energy intake of 126.29 kcal and 160.49 kcal for children and 309.53 kcal and 267.30 kcal for adolescents and with higher intake of regular soda (73.77 g and 88.28 g for children and 163.67 g and 107.25 g for adolescents) and sugar-sweetened beverages generally. Fast-food consumption increased intake of total fat (7.03-14.36 g), saturated fat (1.99-4.64 g), and sugar (5.71-16.24 g) for both age groups and sodium (396.28 mg) and protein (7.94 g) for adolescents. Full-service restaurant consumption was associated with increases in all nutrients examined. Additional key findings were (1) adverse effects on diet were larger for lower-income children and adolescents and (2) among adolescents, increased soda intake was twice as large when fast food was consumed away from home than at home. CONCLUSION: Fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption is associated with higher net total energy intake and poorer diet quality.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption was associated with an additional 16g and 7g of sugar intake, respectively.”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The fixed-effects estimates are not materially biased by time-varying unobserved confounders such as physical activity or day-to-day food preferences.
- Rests on an assumption: Self-reported 24-hour dietary recall data are accurate enough to estimate the associations between restaurant consumption and energy or nutrient intake.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption increased sodium intake by 396mg and 625mg, respectively.”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The fixed-effects estimates are not materially biased by time-varying unobserved confounders such as physical activity or day-to-day food preferences.
- Rests on an assumption: Self-reported 24-hour dietary recall data are accurate enough to estimate the associations between restaurant consumption and energy or nutrient intake.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Compared to females, male children and adolescents consumed more additional total calories on days that they consumed fast food (157 versus 90 kcal for children and 389 versus 231 kcal for adolescents).”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The fixed-effects estimates are not materially biased by time-varying unobserved confounders such as physical activity or day-to-day food preferences.
- Rests on an assumption: Self-reported 24-hour dietary recall data are accurate enough to estimate the associations between restaurant consumption and energy or nutrient intake.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, consumption AFH but not at home was significantly associated with less milk intake (−42g).”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The fixed-effects estimates are not materially biased by time-varying unobserved confounders such as physical activity or day-to-day food preferences.
- Rests on an assumption: Self-reported 24-hour dietary recall data are accurate enough to estimate the associations between restaurant consumption and energy or nutrient intake.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption, respectively, was associated with a net increase in daily total energy intake of 126 kcal and 160 kcal for children and 310 kcal and 267 kcal for adolescents”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Consuming from a full-service restaurant also was associated with higher energy intake among children (+160 kcal) and adolescents (+267 kcal).”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“Consuming from a full-service restaurant also was associated with higher energy intake among children (+160 kcal) and adolescents (+267 kcal).”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Abstract > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The fixed-effects estimates are not materially biased by time-varying unobserved confounders such as physical activity or day-to-day food preferences.
- Rests on an assumption: Self-reported 24-hour dietary recall data are accurate enough to estimate the associations between restaurant consumption and energy or nutrient intake.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were generally few differences by race in intake patterns associated with fast-food consumption among children, although it was associated with higher additional intakes of soda and sodium among Hispanic children.”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The fixed-effects estimates are not materially biased by time-varying unobserved confounders such as physical activity or day-to-day food preferences.
- Rests on an assumption: Self-reported 24-hour dietary recall data are accurate enough to estimate the associations between restaurant consumption and energy or nutrient intake.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption similarly increased total fat (+14 g) and had similar effects on saturated fat (+4–5g) intake for adolescents.”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The fixed-effects estimates are not materially biased by time-varying unobserved confounders such as physical activity or day-to-day food preferences.
- Rests on an assumption: Self-reported 24-hour dietary recall data are accurate enough to estimate the associations between restaurant consumption and energy or nutrient intake.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“fast-food consumption among adolescents increased sugar, fat, saturated fat, and sodium intake by approximately 13%, 22%, 25% and 17% of the daily reference levels of these respective nutrients.12–14”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [12] U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 7 Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office 2010 PMC3090168 22332062
- Not checked yetcites [13] Food and Drug Administration Food Labeling Guide: Guidance for Industry: A Food Labeling Guide 9 1994 Revised October 2009. Appendix F: Calculate the Percent Daily Value for the Appropriate Nutrients. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/GuidanceDocuments/FoodLabelingNutrition/FoodLabelingGuide/ucm064928.htm. 2009
- Not checked yetcites [14] National Academy of Science, Institute of Medicine Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein and amino acids (macronutrients) Washington, D.C The National Academies Press 2005
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The fixed-effects estimates are not materially biased by time-varying unobserved confounders such as physical activity or day-to-day food preferences.
- Rests on an assumption: Self-reported 24-hour dietary recall data are accurate enough to estimate the associations between restaurant consumption and energy or nutrient intake.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“whereas fast-food consumption AFH was not significantly associated with these nutrient measures.”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The fixed-effects estimates are not materially biased by time-varying unobserved confounders such as physical activity or day-to-day food preferences.
- Rests on an assumption: Self-reported 24-hour dietary recall data are accurate enough to estimate the associations between restaurant consumption and energy or nutrient intake.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among adolescents, fast-food consumption was associated with substantially higher intakes of soda for white compared to black and Hispanic teens (+196g compared to +89g and +95g)”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The fixed-effects estimates are not materially biased by time-varying unobserved confounders such as physical activity or day-to-day food preferences.
- Rests on an assumption: Self-reported 24-hour dietary recall data are accurate enough to estimate the associations between restaurant consumption and energy or nutrient intake.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 10
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
- Probably not a substantial claim. 2
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fast-food consumption was associated with higher additional intake of SSBs, soda, protein, total fat, saturated fat, and sodium but not sugar for male compared to female teens.”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The fixed-effects estimates are not materially biased by time-varying unobserved confounders such as physical activity or day-to-day food preferences.
- Rests on an assumption: Self-reported 24-hour dietary recall data are accurate enough to estimate the associations between restaurant consumption and energy or nutrient intake.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fast food consumption at home increased children’s total caloric intake by 147 kcal, compared to 77 kcal from consumption AFH.”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The fixed-effects estimates are not materially biased by time-varying unobserved confounders such as physical activity or day-to-day food preferences.
- Rests on an assumption: Self-reported 24-hour dietary recall data are accurate enough to estimate the associations between restaurant consumption and energy or nutrient intake.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both total and saturated fat and sodium were higher when fast food was consumed at home.”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The fixed-effects estimates are not materially biased by time-varying unobserved confounders such as physical activity or day-to-day food preferences.
- Rests on an assumption: Self-reported 24-hour dietary recall data are accurate enough to estimate the associations between restaurant consumption and energy or nutrient intake.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“higher intakes of regular soda (+74g and +88g for children and +163g and +107g for adolescents)”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“regular soda (+74g and +88g for children and +163g and +107g for adolescents), in particular.”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Abstract > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The fixed-effects estimates are not materially biased by time-varying unobserved confounders such as physical activity or day-to-day food preferences.
- Rests on an assumption: Self-reported 24-hour dietary recall data are accurate enough to estimate the associations between restaurant consumption and energy or nutrient intake.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption, respectively, was associated with a net increase in daily total energy intake of 126 kcal and 160 kcal for children and 310 kcal and 267 kcal for adolescents”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Fast-food restaurant consumption was associated with an increase in total daily energy intake of 126 kcal for children and 310 kcal for adolescents.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“consuming from a fast-food restaurant was associated with a net increase in total daily energy intake of 126 kcal for children and 310 kcal for adolescents.”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Abstract > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The fixed-effects estimates are not materially biased by time-varying unobserved confounders such as physical activity or day-to-day food preferences.
- Rests on an assumption: Self-reported 24-hour dietary recall data are accurate enough to estimate the associations between restaurant consumption and energy or nutrient intake.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“consumption has been associated with greater total energy intake and poorer nutrient intakes.5–9”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] French SA Story M Neumark-Sztainer D Fulkerson JA Hannan P Fast food restaurant use among adolescents: associations with nutrient intake, food choices and behavioral and psychosocial variables International Journal of Obesity 2001 25 12 1823 1833 11781764
- Not checked yetcites [6] Paeratakul S Ferdinand DP Champagne CM Ryan DH Bray GA Fast-food consumption among US adults and children: dietary and nutrient intake profile J Am Diet Assoc 2003 103 10 1332 1338 14520253
- Not checked yetcites [7] Bowman SA Gortmaker SL Ebbeling CB Pereira MA Ludwig DS Effects of Fast-Food Consumption on Energy Intake and Diet Quality Among Children in a National Household Survey Pediatrics 2004 113 1 112 118 14702458
- Not checked yetcites [8] Sebastian RS Wilkinson Enns C Goldman JD US Adolescents and MyPyramid: Associations between Fast-Food Consumption and Lower Likelihood of Meeting Recommendations J Am Diet Assoc 2009 109 2 226 235 19167949
- Not checked yetcites [9] Schmidt M Affenito SG Striegel-Moore R Fast-food intake and diet quality in black and white girls: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2005 159 7 626 631 15996994
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“From 1977–78 through 2003–06, among children aged 2 to 18, the contribution to total caloric intake from fast-food and full-service restaurant sources increased from 2% to 13% and from 1% to 5%, respectively.1, 2”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Guthrie JF Lin BH Frazao E Role of food prepared away from home in the American diet, 1977–78 versus 1994–96: Changes and consequences Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior 2002 34 3 140 150 12047838
- Not checked yetcites [2] Poti JM Popkin BM Trends in Energy Intake among US Children by Eating Location and Food Source, 1977–2006 J Am Diet Assoc 2011 111 8 1156 1164 21802561 PMC3148484
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“NHANES is an ongoing survey based on a complex, multistage sampling design to be nationally representative of the civilian, non-institutionalized U.S. population.”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Methods > Data
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data 2011 Hyattsville, MD U.S., Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Estimation was undertaken using STATA 11.1 and accounted for the NHANES complex, multistage probability sampling design.”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Methods > Statistical Analyses
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“First, the 24-hour dietary recall data were obtained via self-report and are subject to error; such data have been shown to under-report.17, 18”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] Mertz W Tsui JC Judd JT What are people really eating? The relation between energy intake derived from estimated diet records and intake determined to maintain body weight The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1991 54 2 291 295 1858692
- Not checked yetcites [18] Briefel RR Sempos CT McDowell MA Chien S Alaimo K Dietary methods research in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: underreporting of energy intake The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1997 65 4 1203S 1209S 9094923
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“From 1999 to 2004, frequent (≥ 3 times/week) fast-food consumption among adolescents increased from 19% to 27% for females and 24% to 30% for males.4”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [4] Bauer KW Larson NI Nelson MC Story M Neumark-Sztainer D Fast food intake among adolescents: Secular and longitudinal trends from 1999 to 2004 Preventive Medicine 2009 48 3 284 287 19166872
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Much of the existing literature focused on the association of fast-food but not full-service restaurant consumption with energy intake and diet and used older and/or non-nationally representative data and/or cross-sectional methods and those studies that did use within-person comparisons did not control for other forms of FAFH intake or the day of the week on which it was consumed.”
§ Fast-Food and Full-service Restaurant Consumption among Children and Adolescents: Impact on Energy, Beverage and Nutrient Intake > Introduction
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The fixed-effects estimates are not materially biased by time-varying unobserved confounders such as physical activity or day-to-day food preferences.
“due to data limitations our analyses did not account other time-varying confounders such as physical activity or other unobserved factors that might affect food preferences day to day.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Self-reported 24-hour dietary recall data are accurate enough to estimate the associations between restaurant consumption and energy or nutrient intake.
“First, the 24-hour dietary recall data were obtained via self-report and are subject to error; such data have been shown to under-report.17, 18”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Restaurant food and beverages have been linked with overconsumption of calories, sodium, total fat, saturated fat, and sugar-sweetened beverages as well as under-consumption of milk, fruits, vegetables, and vitamins A and C in children [2, 4–7].”
From Child and parent perspectives on healthier side dishes and beverages in restaurant kids’ meals: results from a national survey in the United States (2018) · cites this paper as [2]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Restaurant foods and beverages are second only to grocery store foods and beverages in their contribution to total energy intake of U.S. 4- to 11-year-olds [1–3].”
From Child and parent perspectives on healthier side dishes and beverages in restaurant kids’ meals: results from a national survey in the United States (2018) · cites this paper as [2]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“considering the quick-service sector alone, 1/3 of children eat food from these restaurants on a given day [1, 2]”
From Child and parent perspectives on healthier side dishes and beverages in restaurant kids’ meals: results from a national survey in the United States (2018) · cites this paper as [2]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“consumption of foods from QSR and FSR has been associated with higher energy intake and lower diet quality in nationally representative samples of children [4].”
From Healthier side dishes at restaurants: an analysis of children's perspectives, menu content, and energy impacts (2014) · cites this paper as [4]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Restaurant food and beverages have been linked with overconsumption of calories, sodium, total fat, saturated fat, and sugar-sweetened beverages as well as under-consumption of milk, fruits, vegetables, and vitamins A and C in children [2, 4–7].”
From Child and parent perspectives on healthier side dishes and beverages in restaurant kids’ meals: results from a national survey in the United States (2018) · cites this paper as [2]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Children frequently consume foods from restaurants”
From Child and parent perspectives on healthier side dishes and beverages in restaurant kids’ meals: results from a national survey in the United States (2018) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Dining outside of the home is associated with an increased consumption of SSBs (Powell and Nguyen, 2013).”
From Assessing restaurant staff perceptions of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States children's healthy default beverage ordinance: A qualitative study one year post-implementation (2025) · cites this paper as Powell and Nguyen, 2013
In the citing paper
“This is of concern because restaurant food and fast-food are common in children's diets, contributing approximately 84–191 kcal and 160–404 kcal to the mean daily intakes of children and adolescents, respectively, who reported being consumers [4].”
From Comparison of the nutrient content of children’s menu items at US restaurant chains, 2010–2014 (2015) · cites this paper as [4]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Abstract understates adolescents' added fat intake
MajorThe abstract reports a 7-8 g increase in total fat from fast food for both age groups, but the results report a 14 g increase for adolescents.
“Fast-food consumption increased intakes of total fat (+7–8g), saturated fat (+2–5g) and sugar (+6–16g) for both age groups”
“Fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption similarly increased total fat (+14 g)”
Children's sodium increase uses the wrong reported unit
MinorThe results give a sodium increase in grams, although the paper defines sodium intake as measured in milligrams.
“sodium (134g)”
“milligrams of sodium”
Citations
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“sources increased from 2% to 13% and from 1% to 5%, respectively.(1,2) In particu-”
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Items 101–200 of 346
Chi, D. L., Dinh, M. A., da Fonseca, M. A., Scott, J. M., & Carle, A. C. (2015) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.02.011 · Cited by 26
“Numerous studies have shown that fast foods are a source of dietary carbohydrates, including added sugars and sugar-sweetened beverages, and studies suggest a relationship between fast-food consumption (FFC) and tooth decay in children.(28-31) Whereas low socioeconomic status (SES) may be associated with food insecuri…”
BackgroundComparison of the nutrient content of children’s menu items at US restaurant chains, 2010–2014
Deierlein, A. L., Peat, K., & Claudio, L. (2015) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-015-0066-4 · Cited by 25
“ets, contributing approximately 84–191 kcal and 160– 404 kcal to the mean daily intakes of children and adolescents, respectively, who reported being consumers [4].”
BackgroundLarson, N., Hannan, P. J., Fulkerson, J. A., Laska, M. N., Eisenberg, M. E., & Neumark‐Sztainer, D. (2014) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301805 · Cited by 25
Watkins, L., Aitken, R., Gage, R., Smith, M., Chambers, T. J., Barr, M., Stanley, J., & Signal, L. N. (2018) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/joca.12234 · Cited by 25
Did the New School Meal Standards Improve the Overall Quality of Children's Diets?
Smith, T. A., Mojduszka, E. M., & Chen, S. (2020) · Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy · doi:10.1002/aepp.13074 · Cited by 26
Lopez, N. V., Folta, S. C., Glenn, M. E., Lynskey, V. M., Patel, A. A., & Anzman‐Frasca, S. (2017) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.06.015 · Cited by 25
Wrobleski, M. M., Parker, E. A. D., Hurley, K. M., Oberlander, S. E., Merry, B. C., & Black, M. M. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2017.1376297 · Cited by 25
“Consuming fast food is linked to poorer diet quality and higher energy intake (7), yet one-third of all U.”
BackgroundLongacre, M. R., Drake, K. M., Titus, L. J., Cleveland, L. P., Langeloh, G., Hendricks, K. M., & Dalton, M. A. (2015) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.10.006 · Cited by 25
“Our sample was diverse in terms of socioeconomic status, and our rates of FF intake were comparable to national samples (Powell & Nguyen, 2013; Powell et al., 2012).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBrouillard, A. M., Deych, E., Canter, C. E., & Rich, M. W. (2020) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.04.048 · Cited by 25
Rosinger, A. Y., Bethancourt, H. J., & Young, S. L. (2022) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2022.07.011 · Cited by 24
Liao, C., Tan, Y., Wu, C., Wang, S., Yu, C., Cao, W., Gao, W., Lv, J., & Li, L. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148745 · Cited by 24
“Fast food contains high fat and energy [39] and is the cheapest and most available option for low income individuals [40] in western countries.”
BackgroundDietary intake and lifestyle behaviors of children in Mauritius
Bundhun, D., Rampadarath, S., Puchooa, D., & Jeewon, R. (2018) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00546 · Cited by 22
Progress in the Control of Childhood Obesity
Dietz, W. H., & Economos, C. D. (2015) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2014-2972 · Cited by 23
Changes in the nutritional quality of fast-food items marketed at restaurants, 2010v.2013
Soo, J., Harris, J. L., Davison, K. K., Williams, D. R., & Roberto, C. A. (2018) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980018000629 · Cited by 23
Dalrymple, J., Radnitz, C. L., Loeb, K. L., & Keller, K. (2020) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.104697 · Cited by 23
Consumer preferences for food away from home: Dine in versus delivery
Kilders, V., Caputo, V., & Lusk, J. L. (2023) · American Journal of Agricultural Economics · doi:10.1111/ajae.12428 · Cited by 25
Rummo, P. E., Meyer, K. A., Howard, A. G., Shikany, J. M., Guilkey, D. K., & Gordon‐Larsen, P. (2015) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.06.010 · Cited by 24
“…resistance (Deer et al., 2015; Duffey et al., 2009; Pereira et al., 2005), especially among low socioeconomic status (SES) individuals (Pereira et al., 2005; Powell and Nguyen 2013). niversity of North Carolina at s Box #8120, Chapel Hill, NC mo), il.unc.edu (A. Green Howard), c.edu (D.K. Guilkey).”
Dietary Intake Contributions of Food and Beverages by Source and Food Security Status in US Adults
Spees, C., Clark, J. E., Hooker, N. H., Watowicz, R. P., & Taylor, C. A. (2017) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2017.01.009 · Cited by 23
“Frequent fast-food consumption is associated with dietary patterns rich in calories and low innutrient density, contributing to obesogenic patterns.(21) It is well established that lowincome, minority neighborhoods have less access to supermarkets and supercenters that often have a greater variety and higher-quality a…”
BackgroundMa, Y., Gong, W., Ding, C., Song, C., Yuan, F., Fan, J., Feng, G., Chen, Z., & Liu, A. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11104-0 · Cited by 23
Economic preferences and fast food consumption in US adults: Insights from behavioral economics
Shuval, K., Stokłosa, M., Pachucki, M. C., Yaroch, A. L., Drope, J. M., & Harding, M. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.10.016 · Cited by 24
Oudat, Q., Messiah, S. E., Ghoneum, A. D., & Okour, A. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12030388 · Cited by 34
“Drive-through dining, for example, has become increasingly prevalent among families due to its quick service and accessibility; however, this dining mode is strongly associated with high calorie food and lack of mindful eating [69–71].”
Characteristics Associated with Household Purchases of Sugar‐Sweetened Beverages in US Restaurants
Moran, A. J., Subramanian, S. V., Rimm, E. B., & Bleich, S. N. (2019) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22380 · Cited by 22
“Research using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) has examined national trends in restaurant beverage consumption (16,24,25), but few studies have assessed restaurant beverage purchases (26-28).”
BackgroundRelationship between retail food outlets near public schools and adolescent obesity in New York City
Rummo, P. E., Wu, E., McDermott, Z. T., Schwartz, A. E., & Elbel, B. D. (2020) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102408 · Cited by 22
“This is problematic because consumption of food at fast food restaurants is linked to higher total energy intake and poorer diet quality among adolescents (Poti et al., 2014; Powell and Nguyen, 2013).”
BackgroundCock, N. D., Camp, J. V., Kolsteren, P. W., Lachat, C. K., Huybregts, L., Maes, L., Deforche, B. I., Verstraeten, R., Vangeel, J., Beullens, K., et al. (2016) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/jhn.12411 · Cited by 22
Factors Affecting Underweight and Obesity Among Elementary School Children in South Korea
Lee, G., & Ham, O. K. (2015) · Asian Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.anr.2015.07.004 · Cited by 21
Hoffmann, D. A., Marx, J. M., Burmeister, J. M., & Musher‐Eizenman, D. R. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15040720 · Cited by 23
“Because of this, it is quite possible that weekends facilitate schedules that allow children to consume more meals away from home, which is associated with higher caloric consumption and poorer diet quality [85,86].”
BackgroundA New Method to Monitor the Contribution of Fast Food Restaurants to the Diets of US Children
Rehm, C. D., & Drewnowski, A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103543 · Cited by 20
“However, the NHANES dataset does not distinguish among different FFRs by restaurant type [10,16].”
BackgroundAdults Who Order Sugar-Sweetened Beverages
Taksler, G. B., Kiszko, K. M., Abrams, C. B., & Elbel, B. D. (2016) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.07.038 · Cited by 20
Alturki, H. A., Brookes, D. S. K., & Davies, P. S. W. (2018) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980018000757 · Cited by 20
“Children who frequently eat at fast-food restaurants are shown to have a higher intakes of fatty foods, unwanted energy, sugar-sweetened drinks, sweet/savoury snacks and highly salted foods, and reduced intakes of dietary fibre, milk, water and healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables((6,7)).”
BackgroundCho, D., & Kim, S. (2018) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2018.06.010 · Cited by 20
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and Child Weight Status: A Review
Hudak, K. M., & Racine, E. F. (2019) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.01.006 · Cited by 20
White, C. M., Lillico, H. G., Vanderlee, L., & Hammond, D. G. (2016) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.08.015 · Cited by 20
“Food consumed ‘away from home’ accounts for an increasing proportion of the North American diet (Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, 2010; Powell et al., 2012; Powell and Nguyen, 2013; Slater et al., 2009).”
BackgroundRummo, P. E., Guilkey, D. K., Ng, S. W., Meyer, K. A., Popkin, B. M., Reis, J. P., Shikany, J. M., & Gordon‐Larsen, P. (2017) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2017-209158 · Cited by 20
Contribution of away-from-home food to the energy and nutrient intake among Brazilian adolescents
Bezerra, I. N., Medeiros, H. B., Souza, A. D. M., & Sichieri, R. (2020) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980020001573 · Cited by 19
“In Brazil, 30·6 % of adolescents (aged 10–19 years) reported purchasing food for out-of-home consumption according to data from the Household Budget Survey 2002–2003(3) and 48% of adolescents reported the consumption of at least one item away from home on a food record in 2008–2009(4).”
BackgroundMethodHill, J. L., Olive, N. C., Waters, C. N., Estabrooks, P. A., You, W., & Zoellner, J. (2015) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd12.140400 · Cited by 17
Ayala, G. X., Castro, I. A., Pickrel, J. L., Lin, S., Williams, C. B., Madanat, H. N., Jun, H., & ZIVE, M. M. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14121494 · Cited by 19
“, full-service) restaurants is important given the larger proportion of calories that are consumed from these types of restaurants versus fast food restaurants among children [13].”
BackgroundTrends in the lifestyle of students. Case study of a high school in Oradea, Romania
ERDELY, Ș., Caciora, T. I., Şerbescu, C., Bianca Mădălina, P. A. P. P., TAMAS, F. A., BUJOREAN, E., Baidog, A., FURDUI, S., Marius, I. L. E., & Herman, G. V. (2020) · Geosport for Society · doi:10.30892/gss.1201-052 · Cited by 18
Gillis, L., Whibbs, R., & Li, A. (2020) · Journal of Culinary Science & Technology · doi:10.1080/15428052.2020.1808138 · Cited by 17
“…reports that customers want healthier options available when eating out at restaurants (Jones-Mueller & Lucero, 2018), but, unfortunately, these trends have not caused a real or substantive improvement in nutritional restaurant offerings for adults (Goffe et al., 2017; Powell & Nguyen, 2013).”
BackgroundSemnani‐Azad, Z., Scourboutakos, M. J., & L’Abbé, M. R. (2016) · BMC Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s40795-016-0056-8 · Cited by 16
“Studies have shown that consumption of outside-thehome prepared foods significantly increases the net energy, total fat and sodium intake compared to athome foods [2, 3].”
BackgroundMcIsaac, J. D., Penney, T. L., Mâsse, L. C., & Kirk, S. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16111974 · Cited by 16
Oxidative Status of Ultra-Processed Foods in the Western Diet
Maldonado‐Pereira, L., Barnaba, C., & Medina‐Meza, I. G. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15234873 · Cited by 16
“FFs (n = 23) were collected from retail stores, supermarkets, food chains, restaurants, and takeaway in the Greater Lansing area (Michigan, USA) between February 2018 and October 2019, covering 75% of the national market [13,14,28].”
BackgroundCohen, J. F. W., Roberts, S. B., Anzman‐Frasca, S., Gamache, M. M. G., Lynskey, V. M., Matthews, E., Mueller, M. P., Sharma, S., & Economos, C. D. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4171-5 · Cited by 16
“Some research suggests a positive association between QSR consumption and body mass index (BMI) among children and adolescents [5–8], possibly due to consumption of more calories, saturated fat, sugar, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and fewer fruits and vegetables when QSRs foods are eaten [3, 9].”
BackgroundMarketing to Children Inside Quick Service Restaurants: Differences by Community Demographics
Cohen, J. F. W., Stowers, K. C., Rohmann, M., Lapierre, N., Rimm, E. B., Cash, S. B., Davison, K. K., McInnis, K. J., & Economos, C. D. (2021) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2021.01.035 · Cited by 16
Mueller, M. P., Wilde, P., Folta, S. C., Anzman‐Frasca, S., & Economos, C. D. (2018) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2018.304800 · Cited by 16
Cost Effectiveness of Calorie Labeling at Large Fast-Food Chains Across the U.S.
Dupuis, R., Block, J. P., Barrett, J. L., Long, M. W., Petimar, J., Ward, Z. J., Kenney, E. L., Musicus, A. A., Cannuscio, C. C., Williams, D. R., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2023.08.012 · Cited by 16
Xiang, H., Goffe, L., Albani, V., Akhter, N., Lake, A. A., & Brown, H. (2024) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.24127 · Cited by 15
Hafizurrachman, M., & Hartono, R. K. (2021) · Kesmas National Public Health Journal · doi:10.21109/kesmas.v16i1.4541 · Cited by 15
Li, Y., Du, T., & Peng, J. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10051575 · Cited by 15
“Previous research has confirmed that both fast food and full-service restaurant dining are associated with higher energy intake and poorer diet quality [3,7,21].”
BackgroundThe Nutritional Value of Children's Menus in Chain Restaurants in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Young, M., Coppinger, T. C., & Reeves, S. (2019) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2019.04.018 · Cited by 15
Factors associated with frequent consumption of fast food among Australian secondary school students
Scully, M. L., Morley, B., Niven, P., Crawford, D. A., Pratt, I., Wakefield, M. A., & for the NaSSDA Study Team (2020) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980019004208 · Cited by 15
Cross-Sectional Nutritional Information and Quality of Canadian Chain Restaurant Menu Items in 2020
Yang, Y., Weippert, M. V., Ahmed, M., & L’Abbé, M. R. (2022) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.07.015 · Cited by 14
Where Should We Eat? Lunch Source and Dietary Measures Among Youth During the School Week
Jones, A. C., Hammond, D. G., Reid, J. L., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2015) · Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research · doi:10.3148/cjdpr-2015-019 · Cited by 15
Kraak, V. I., Patiño, S. R., Renukuntla, D., & Kim, E. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16152732 · Cited by 14
The Role of Parents and Children in Meal Selection and Consumption in Quick Service Restaurants
Cohen, J. F. W., Rimm, E. B., Davison, K. K., Cash, S. B., McInnis, K. J., & Economos, C. D. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12030735 · Cited by 14
Palla, L., Chapman, A., Beh, E. J., Pot, G. K., & Almiron‐Roig, E. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12082235 · Cited by 14
“Studies in other countries did not use direct food intake data [28] or examine consumption in specific locations only [19,66,67] or from specific food groups [22,23].”
BackgroundInfluentialMarinello, S., Pipito, A. A., Leider, J., Pugach, O., & Powell, L. M. (2020) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980020005212 · Cited by 14
“Fast-food consumption is also associated with greater sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption(4,7), which is linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes and CVD(8).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRitchie, L. D., Lessard, L., Harpainter, P., Tsai, M. M., Woodward-Lopez, G., Tracy, T., Gosliner, W., McCallops, K., Thompson, I., & Karpyn, A. (2021) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980021001245 · Cited by 14
“On any given day, 44 % of 2–5-year-old children in the USA consume SSB(2), and SSB consumption is positively associated with eating in restaurants(3).”
BackgroundAhmed, S. M., & Al, M. M. (2017) · Journal of Public Health Research · doi:10.4081/jphr.2017.829 · Cited by 15
Harpainter, P., Hewawitharana, S. C., Lee, D. L., Martin, A., Gosliner, W. A., Ritchie, L. D., & Woodward-Lopez, G. M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17155275 · Cited by 14
Warren, J. L., & Gordon‐Larsen, P. (2017) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.1111/rssa.12330 · Cited by 14
“Research on the association between access to neighbourhood supermarkets and convenience stores in relation to diet behaviours and obesity is mixed, despite discussion of policies supporting the introduction of supermarkets in underserved areas (Morland et al., 2002; Cummins et al., 2005; Pearce et al., 2008, 2009; Du…”
BackgroundNutrition composition of children’s meals in twenty-six large US chain restaurants
Dunn, C. G., Vercammen, K. A., Frelier, J. M., Moran, A. J., & Bleich, S. N. (2020) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980019004907 · Cited by 13
“Children consume more energy content and have worse diet quality on days they eat at restaurants than on days they do not(1,2).”
BackgroundDíaz-Aguila, Y., Castelán, F., Cuevas‐Romero, E., Zambrano, E., Martı́nez–Gómez, M., Muñoz, A., Rodríguez‐Antolín, J., & Nicolás‐Toledo, L. (2015) · Anatomical Science International · doi:10.1007/s12565-015-0279-9 · Cited by 13
Trends in Calories and Nutrients of Beverages in U.S. Chain Restaurants, 2012–2017
Frelier, J. M., Moran, A. J., Vercammen, K. A., Jarlenski, M., & Bleich, S. N. (2019) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.03.023 · Cited by 13
Association between access to full‐service restaurants and childhood obesity
Jia, P., Yang, H., Cao, X., Yuan, C., Xiao, Q., Yang, S., & Wang, Y. (2020) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13076 · Cited by 13
“The menu in these restaurants may also influence children's dietary intake, where, if FSRs provide more options of healthful foods, they could help children decrease their overall calorie intake and thus maintain or improve their weight status.(7,31) The household income and lifestyles of parents could be other mediat…”
BackgroundNutrition and origin of US chain restaurant seafood
Love, D. C., Turvey, C., Harding, J., Young, R., Ramsing, R., Tlusty, M. F., Fry, J. P., Nguyen, L. T. H., Asche, F., Nussbaumer, E. M., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa437 · Cited by 13
“Fast-food meals have been associated with higher calorie intake for children and adolescents, especially among low-income households (13), and chain restaurant advertising has a positive association with weight gain in low-income counties but not highincome counties (14).”
BackgroundAdded sugars, saturated fat, and sodium intake from snacks among U.S. adolescents by eating location
Casey, C., Huang, Q., Talegawkar, S. A., Sylvetsky, A. C., Sacheck, J. M., DiPietro, L., & Lora, K. R. (2021) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101630 · Cited by 12
“While consumption of food away from home is associated with greater weight gain over time and poorer diet quality in children and adolescents (Powell and Nguyen, 2013), the prevalence of snacking at home versus away from home among US adolescents is presently unknown.”
BackgroundA New Wave of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes: Are They Meeting Policy Goals and Can We Do Better?
Kiesel, K., Lang, H., & Sexton, R. J. (2023) · Annual Review of Resource Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-resource-111522-111325 · Cited by 12
The weighty issue of obesity in paediatric respiratory medicine
Fitzgerald, D. A. (2017) · Paediatric Respiratory Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2017.06.008 · Cited by 13
Dondero, M., Hook, J. V., Frisco, M. L., & Martin, M. A. (2018) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/0022146518809995 · Cited by 13
Song, S., & Song, H. (2019) · 대한지역사회영양학회지 · doi:10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.6.465 · Cited by 12
“패스트푸드의 잦은 섭취는 불균형한 영양소 섭취와 관련이 있다고 보고되 었으며, 특히 과일, 채소, 우유와 같은 식품 섭취와 음의 상 관관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다[35, 36].”
Hobin, E. P., Lillico, H. G., Zuo, F., Sacco, J. E., Rosella, L. C., & Hammond, D. G. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.06.017 · Cited by 12
“…the home” at restaurants and fast-food outlets is associated with increased energy intake and poor diet (An, 2016; Berman & Lavizzo-Mourey, 2008; Powell & Nguyen, 2013), including higher intake of calories, sodium, and fat and saturated fat, as well as lower intake of fibre, calcium, and…”
Fast foods perception among adolescents by gender and weight status
Allehdan, S., Tayyem, R., Bawadi, H. A., Al-Awwad, N. J., Al-Mannai, M. A., & Musaiger, A. O. (2016) · Nutrition and Health · doi:10.1177/0260106016685724 · Cited by 12
“Adolescents are increasingly consuming fast food which is served from fast food outlets or prepared at home (Musaiger et al., 2011; Powell and Nguyen, 2013; Teayym et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMetos, J., Gren, L. H., Brusseau, T. A., Moric, E., O’Toole, K., Mokhtari, P., Buys, S. S., & Frost, C. J. (2017) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/0017896917734575 · Cited by 11
“…to limitations in measurement tools that are not always specific to a population, are difficult for participants to use, and may not accurately reflect participant behaviours due to self-report or poor compliance with physical activity monitoring devices (Dewar et al., 2013; Rachele et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResultTani, Y., Fujiwara, T., Isumi, A., & Doi, S. K. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12123845 · Cited by 11
Nudging low-medium income mothers towards healthy child options in an online restaurant scenario
Caso, G., & Vecchio, R. (2022) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2022.106360 · Cited by 11
Urinary concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and childhood obesity
Kim, S.-H., Park, M. J., & Park, S. K. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19335 · Cited by 11
Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Weight-Related Parenting Behaviors
Morrissey, T. W. (2013) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-013-1366-y · Cited by 11
“This may also result in either reduced or increased caloric intake among their children, depending on whether lowerquality, less nutritious foods are substituted for more energy- and time-intensive meals cooked at home [24].”
BackgroundLorts, C., Tasevska, N., Adams, M. A., Yedidia, M. J., Tulloch, D. L., Hooker, S. P., & Ohri‐Vachaspati, P. (2019) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2018.11.021 · Cited by 11
Rosinger, A. Y., & Young, S. L. (2024) · Nature Water · doi:10.1038/s44221-024-00261-2 · Cited by 10
“Cooking at home encourages healthier eating behaviours, including vegetable intake (and thereby better health), compared with frequent dining at fast-food restaurants 51,52 .”
Lucio, A. G. P., Martínez, D. N.-H. S., Miranda, C. O., Méndez, L. Q., & Tolentino‐Mayo, L. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12030612 · Cited by 10
“It also showed that the child population had an average intake of 25% of their daily calories in these types of restaurants and other similar local businesses [9,10].”
A developmental perspective on the link between parents’ employment and children’s obesity.
Crosnoe, R. L., & Dunifon, R. E. (2017) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000044 · Cited by 11
Kracht, C. L., Sisson, S. B., Guseman, E. H., Hubbs‐Tait, L., Arnold, S. H., Graef, J. L., & KNEHANS, A. W. (2019) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2019.08.004 · Cited by 10
Do additional SNAP benefits matter for child weight?: Evidence from the 2009 benefit increase
Hudak, K. M., & Racine, E. F. (2020) · Economics & Human Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100966 · Cited by 10
Ferrante, M. J., Mohr, G. S., Johnson, S. L., Miller, J. P., & Bellows, L. L. (2021) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2021.02.016 · Cited by 10
The effects of Medicaid expansion on home production and childcare
Soni, A., & Morrissey, T. W. (2021) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.1002/soej.12554 · Cited by 10
Food environment and weight outcomes: a stochastic frontier approach
Li, X., & López, R. A. (2016) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036846.2016.1161715 · Cited by 10
Sandvik, P., Kuronen, S., Richards, H. R., Eli, K., Ek, A. E., Somaraki, M., & Nowicka, P. (2021) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2021.105724 · Cited by 9
“EDNP foods are associated with a higher intake of energy, sugar, total fat and saturated fat, as well as with a higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (Powell & Nguyen, 2013).”
BackgroundPowell, L. M., Leider, J., Pipito, A. A., & Moran, A. J. (2023) · Current Developments in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100045 · Cited by 9
“Studies have shown that consumption of food and beverages from fast-food and full-service restaurants among young children and adolescents is associated with higher daily energy intake and poorer diet quality, including higher intake of sugars and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) [2].”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Genetics of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Role of Diet as a Modifying Factor
Kalafati, I. P., Borsa, D., & Dedoussis, G. V. (2014) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-014-0085-3 · Cited by 9
Wolfe, W. S., & Dollahite, J. (2020) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12970 · Cited by 9
Active school transport and fast food intake: Are there racial and ethnic differences?
Sanchez‐Vaznaugh, E. V., Bécares, L., Sallis, J. F., & Sánchez, B. N. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.08.031 · Cited by 9
“…averages between 725 and 1,038 calories (Elbel et al., 2011; Lesser et al., 2013) and adolescent consumption from fast food restaurants has been associated with a 310kcal net increase in daily total energy intake, and greater intakes of total fat, saturated fat and sugar (Powell and Nguyen, 2013).”
BackgroundAlbalawi, A. A., Hambly, C., & Speakman, J. R. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12040890 · Cited by 9
“Portion sizes in food outlets have increased over time [5].”
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Mueller, M. P., Anzman‐Frasca, S., Blakeley, C. E., Folta, S. C., Wilde, P., & Economos, C. D. (2016) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21708 · Cited by 8
“Briefly, the restaurant introduced a healthier menu in April 2012 for children ages 12 and under which featured: (1) more children’s meals meeting KLW nutrition standards (from 22% to 59% of offerings); (2) healthy, KLW side dishes bundled with all children’s meals by default (strawberries, mixed vegetables, or salad)…”
BackgroundLee, K., & Lee, Y. (2018) · Nutrition Research and Practice · doi:10.4162/nrp.2018.12.3.243 · Cited by 8
“Childhood obesity has become a prominent public health concern worldwide and the increasing consumption of food away from home has been linked to rising childhood obesity rates [1-5].”
BackgroundState and Local Healthy Kids’ Meal Laws in the United States: A Review and Content Analysis
Perez, C. L., Moran, A. J., Headrick, G., McCarthy, J., Cradock, A. L. I., & Porter, K. M. P. (2021) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2021.12.003 · Cited by 8
Antrum, C. J., Atoloye, A. T., Ajayi, O., Holter, D., Singerman, D., & Stowers, K. C. (2024) · Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment · doi:10.1080/10911359.2024.2355141 · Cited by 7
“Affordability relates to the price of goods purchased in grocery stores, fast food restaurants, and other food outlets (Beydoun et al., 2011; Powell & Nguyen, 2013).”
Rosenkoetter, E., & Loman, D. G. (2015) · The Journal of School Nursing · doi:10.1177/1059840515570641 · Cited by 7
“Barriers to the school nurse role in obesity prevention have been reviewed by Quelly (2013) and include lack of time and resources but the major obstacle was low SE in nurses.”
BackgroundYarmohammadi, P., Sharifirad, G. R., Azadbakht, L., Yarmohammadi, P., Rahaei, Z., Bahrevar, V., & Khajeh, Z. (2015) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 7
Bangladeshi Student's Standpoint on Junk Food Consumption and Social Behaviour
Nipun, T. S., Debnath, D., Miah, M. S.-U. H., Kabir, A., & Hossain, M. K. (2017) · IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences · doi:10.9790/3008-1201016875 · Cited by 7
“Frequent consumption of fast food has adverse effects on nutrition because of excessive content of energy and fat and low nutritional value [24-28].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Powell, L. M., & Nguyen, B. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Venue
- JAMA Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2013-01-01
- Volume
- 167
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 14
- ISSN
- 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
- 2168-6203
- PMC
- PMC3695401
- OpenAlex
- W2146353506
- Cited by
- 346
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 10
- FWCI
- 20.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- U.S. Public Health Service (11IPA1102973)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA138456)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- fast food consumption, children, adolescents, energy intake, diet quality, sugar-sweetened beverages, sodium intake, saturated fat intake, sugar consumption, protein intake, low-income children, eating out
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Beverages, Energy Intake, Child, Child, Preschool, Diet, Diet Surveys, Dietary Fats, Dietary Proteins, Female, Humans, Male, Poverty, Regression Analysis, Restaurants, Sodium, Dietary, United States, Models, Statistical, Multivariate Analysis, Dietary Sucrose, Young Adult, Fast Foods
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