Association of Parental Chronic Pain With Chronic Pain in the Adolescent and Young Adult: Family Linkage Data From the HUNT Study
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To examine a possible association of parental chronic pain with chronic pain in the adolescent and young adult and to explore whether a relationship could be explained by socioeconomic and psychosocial factors or may be affected by differences in family structure. DESIGN: Unselected, population-based, cross-sectional study. SETTING: Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway. PARTICIPANTS: All inhabitants of Nord-Trøndelag County who were 13 years or older were invited to enroll in the study. In total, 8200 of 10 485 invitees (78.2%) participated in the investigation. Among 7913 participants in the target age group (age range, 13-18 years), 7373 (93.2%) completed the pain questions. The final study population consisted of 5370 adolescents or young adults for whom one or both parents participated in the adult survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was chronic nonspecific pain in adolescents and young adults, defined as pain in at least 1 location, unrelated to any known disease or injury, experienced at least once a week during the past 3 months. Chronic multisite pain was defined as chronic pain in at least 3 locations. RESULTS: Maternal chronic pain was associated with chronic nonspecific pain and chronic multisite pain in adolescents and young adults (odds ratio, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.8). Paternal chronic pain was associated with increased odds of pain in adolescents and young adults. The odds of chronic nonspecific pain and chronic multisite pain in adolescents and young adults increased when both parents reported pain. Adjustments for socioeconomic and psychosocial factors did not change the results, although differences in family structure did. Among offspring living primarily with their mothers, clear associations were observed between maternal pain and pain in adolescents and young adults, but no association was found with paternal pain. CONCLUSIONS: Parental chronic pain is associated with chronic nonspecific pain and especially with chronic multisite pain in adolescents and young adults. Family structure influences the relationship, indicating that family pain models and shared environmental factors are important in the origin of chronic pain.
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Chronic pain is common in parents of children with chronic pain.
“Furthermore, chronic pain is common in parents of children with chronic pain [55], which is also seen in our sample, and the interference of parent chronic pain on parent behavior [56] and parent mental health should therefore be examined further.”
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- Authors
- Hoftun, G. B., Romundstad, P. R., & Rygg, M.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Venue
- JAMA Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2013-01-01
- Volume
- 167
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 61
- ISSN
- 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
- 2168-6203
- OpenAlex
- W2048279662
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 6.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet
- Norske Kvinners Sanitetsforening
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Family Support in Illness
- Keywords
- adolescents, young adults, maternal pain, family structure, shared environmental factors, socioeconomic factors, psychosocial factors
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Family, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Norway, Parents, Psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Multivariate Analysis, Logistic Models, Odds Ratio, Young Adult, Chronic Pain
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