The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 24 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
A Smartphone Application to Support Recovery From Alcoholism: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Open accessAbstract
IMPORTANCE: Patients leaving residential treatment for alcohol use disorders are not typically offered evidence-based continuing care, although research suggests that continuing care is associated with better outcomes. A smartphone-based application could provide effective continuing care. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether patients leaving residential treatment for alcohol use disorders with a smartphone application to support recovery have fewer risky drinking days than control patients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: An unmasked randomized clinical trial involving 3 residential programs operated by 1 nonprofit treatment organization in the Midwestern United States and 2 residential programs operated by 1 nonprofit organization in the Northeastern United States. In total, 349 patients who met the criteria for DSM-IV alcohol dependence when they entered residential treatment were randomized to treatment as usual (n = 179) or treatment as usual plus a smartphone (n = 170) with the Addiction-Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System (A-CHESS), an application designed to improve continuing care for alcohol use disorders. INTERVENTIONS: Treatment as usual varied across programs; none offered patients coordinated continuing care after discharge. A-CHESS provides monitoring, information, communication, and support services to patients, including ways for patients and counselors to stay in contact. The intervention and follow-up period lasted 8 and 4 months, respectively. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Risky drinking days--the number of days during which a patient's drinking in a 2-hour period exceeded 4 standard drinks for men and 3 standard drinks for women, with standard drink defined as one that contains roughly 14 g of pure alcohol (12 oz of regular beer, 5 oz of wine, or 1.5 oz of distilled spirits). Patients were asked to report their risky drinking days in the previous 30 days on surveys taken 4, 8, and 12 months after discharge from residential treatment. RESULTS: For the 8 months of the intervention and 4 months of follow-up, patients in the A-CHESS group reported significantly fewer risky drinking days than did patients in the control group, with a mean of 1.39 vs 2.75 days (mean difference, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.46-2.27; P = .003). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The findings suggest that a multifeatured smartphone application may have significant benefit to patients in continuing care for alcohol use disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01003119.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A-CHESS patients were also more likely than control-group patients to report abstinence at all 3 time points (P = .032).”
- Also stated in: § COMMENT · plain
“higher likelihood of consistent abstinence (51.9% vs. 39.6%; P = .032)”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Abstinence
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In the paper
“For the 8 months of the intervention and 4 months of follow-up, patients in the A-CHESS group reported significantly fewer risky drinking days than patients in the control group (M = 1.39 vs. 2.75, respectively; P = .003; 95% CI [.46, 2.27]).”
- Also stated in: § Risky Drinking Days · plain
“Patients in the A-CHESS group reported significantly fewer risky drinking days (Table 2) than patients in the control group for the intervention and follow-up period (P = .003)”
- Also stated in: § COMMENT · plain
“Patients who received treatment as usual plus A-CHESS reported a lower average number of risky drinking days (1.39 vs. 2.75; P = .003)”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > Abstract > Results:
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Risky Drinking Days · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this study, 8 months of A-CHESS cost about $597/patient, based on 1 hour/month of counselor time at $90/hour divided by 50 patients, 1 hour/month for system administrator time at $50/hour divided by 170 patients, $60/month for each data plan, and $100 to buy each phone.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > COMMENT
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the 3 constructs, only perceived competence at 4 months was found to mediate the relationship between intervention and number of risky drinking days at 8 months (path: B [95% CI], P-value) (a: 0.219 [.004, .434], P = .046; b: −.969 [1.650, −.289], P = .005)”
- Also stated in: § COMMENT · plain
“One of self-determination theory’s 3 constructs (competence) was a significant mediator.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Mediation Analysis
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No significant differences were found between groups overall or by month for any of the negative consequences (not eating properly, hurting someone, having one’s status damaged, having money problems, losing a job, being arrested, having an accident, or involvement with the DCFS).”
- Also stated in: § COMMENT · plain
“but no difference in negative consequences of drinking.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Negative Consequences of Drinking
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sensitivity analyses were conducted using 6 sets of values. The pattern of results changed only when missing risky-drinking-day data were replaced with the maximum possible value (eTable2).”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Risky Drinking Days
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In the paper
“The findings suggest that a multi-featured smartphone application may have significant benefit to patients in continuing care for AUDs.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > Abstract > Conclusions and Relevance:
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesWhat the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of survey completion was not significantly different between groups (Figure).”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Baseline Characteristics and A-CHESS Use Data
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“AUDs also have relapse rates similar to those of other chronic illnesses.3”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > Abstract > Trial registration:
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [3] McLellan AT Lewis DC O’Brien CP Kleber HD Drug dependence, a chronic medical illness: Implications for treatment, insurance, and outcomes evaluation JAMA 2000 284 1689 1695 11015800
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesWhat the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Examining only cases with complete risky-drinking-day data produced similar results (Table 2).”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Risky Drinking Days
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 24
- Probably not a substantial claim. 17
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The odds of reporting abstinence in the previous 30 days (Table 3) were greater for A-CHESS than control-group patients, with significant differences at months 8 and 12 (Ps = .038, .014, respectively) but not at month 4 (P = .132).”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Abstinence
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Patients in the A-CHESS group reported significantly fewer risky drinking days (Table 2) than patients in the control group for the intervention and follow-up period (P = .003) and at months 4 (P = .020) and 12 (P =.032), but not month 8 (P = .096).”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Risky Drinking Days
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During the 8-month intervention period, patients randomized to the A-CHESS group used the system, on average, 40% of days (mean number of days of use: 97.36; median: 103) and viewed a mean number of 1,967 pages (median: 1,745).”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Baseline Characteristics and A-CHESS Use Data
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 170Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“349 patients who met the criteria for DSM-IV alcohol dependence when they entered residential treatment. 179 were randomized to the control group and 170 to the treatment group.”
- Also stated in: § Study Design and Participants · plain
“The A-CHESS study was an un-blinded randomized trial with 349 patients who met the criteria for DSM-IV alcohol dependence upon entering treatment at 3 residential programs operated by one nonprofit in the Midwestern US and 2 programs operated by another nonprofit in the Northeastern US.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > Abstract > Participants:
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Study Design and Participants · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The closest collected measure was patients’ baseline self-report of the number of previous times in treatment (mean = 4.67; SD = 9.15; range = 0 to 50), which was not significant when included as a covariate in the primary analysis.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Post-Hoc Analyses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Significant effects were found for the individual items of keeping busy and abstinence confidence, and for the BAM protection score (eTable 2).”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Post-Hoc Analyses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On average, 20 calls were required per patient to complete 3 phone surveys.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > METHODS > Implementation
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During the intervention, patients completed 3,751 weekly BAMs and shared 97.0% (3,637) of these with counselors.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > METHODS > Implementation
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the 170 patients who received A-CHESS, 122 (71.7%) pressed the panic button at least once. Because patients could press the button in error, intended use was defined as going beyond the panic button main page to at least one other page; 98 did this.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Baseline Characteristics and A-CHESS Use Data
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 170Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Patients were much more willing to share their BAM results (93.5% allowed this) than that they had had a lapse (41.9% allowed this).”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > METHODS > Implementation
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The closest collected measure was patients’ baseline self-report of the number of previous times in treatment (mean = 4.67; SD = 9.15; range = 0 to 50)”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Post-Hoc Analyses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most patients were white (80%), male (61%), and unemployed (79%); most used or abused drugs in addition to alcohol (63%).”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Baseline Characteristics and A-CHESS Use Data
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One counselor estimated she spent 2 hours/week to follow 120 patients.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > METHODS > Implementation
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedSingle caseTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mean patient age was 38 years (SD = 10; median = 39).”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Baseline Characteristics and A-CHESS Use Data
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 179Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most patients were white (80%), male (61%), and unemployed (79%); most used or abused drugs in addition to alcohol (63%).”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Baseline Characteristics and A-CHESS Use Data
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most patients were white (80%), male (61%), and unemployed (79%); most used or abused drugs in addition to alcohol (63%).”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Baseline Characteristics and A-CHESS Use Data
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The number of risky drinking days was significantly predicted by the number of pages viewed (per 100 pages: B = 0.036, P = .007, 95% CI [−0.069, −0.002) and days used (B = −0.01, P = .007, 95% CI [−0.02, −0.00], but not the number of services used (B = −0.06, P = .465, 95% CI [−0.22, 0.10]).”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Post-Hoc Analyses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most patients were white (80%), male (61%), and unemployed (79%); most used or abused drugs in addition to alcohol (63%).”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Baseline Characteristics and A-CHESS Use Data
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effects of program, month, and the group-by-month interaction were not significant (Ps = .536, .649, and .865, respectively).”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Risky Drinking Days
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It has been estimated that about 1 in 4 AUDs patients remain continuously abstinent in the first year after treatment.4”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > Abstract > Trial registration:
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [4] Miller WR Walters ST Bennett ME How effective is alcoholism treatment in the United States? J Stud Alcohol 2001 62 2 211 20 11327187
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Patients in the treatment group received a smartphone while those in the control group did not, and the app included a weekly self-assessment, possibly producing an assessment effect31 and more counselor contact than for those in the control group.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [31] McCambridge J Kypri K Can simply answering research questions change behaviour? Systematic review and meta analysis of brief alcohol intervention trials PLoS ONE 2011 6 10 e23748 21998626 PMC3187747
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“SDT was chosen because evidence suggested that SDT’s 3 constructs could be causal mechanisms that would affect CHESS targets, and because SDT is broad and fundamental enough to cover a complex, multifaceted eHealth intervention such as CHESS.12”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > Abstract > Trial registration:
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [12] Pingree S Hawkins R Baker T DuBenske L Roberts LJ Gustafson DH The value of theory for enhancing and understanding e-Health interventions Am J Prev Med 2010 38 1 103 109 20117565 PMC2826889
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Patients were included in the analysis if they provided any outcome data according to the intention-to-treat principle.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Baseline Characteristics and A-CHESS Use Data
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The literature supports the effectiveness of continuing care in improving outcomes for AUDs,22 as well as for computer-based interventions for AUDs.23-27”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22] McKay JR Is there a case for extended interventions for alcohol and drug use disorders? Addiction 2005 100 1594 1610 16277622
- Not checked yetcites [23] Hester RK Squires DD Delaney HD The Drinker’s Checkup: 12-month outcomes of a controlled programal trial of a stand-alone software program for problem drinkers J Subst Abuse Treat 2005 28 159 169 15780546
- Not checked yetcites [24] Hester RK Delaney HD Campbell W Handmaker N A web application for moderation training: Initial results of a randomized programal trial J Subst Abuse Treat 2009 37 266 276 19339137 PMC2739257
- Not checked yetcites [25] Kypri K Saunders JB Williams SM Web-based screening and brief intervention for hazardous drinking: A double-blind randomized controlled trial Addiction 2004 99 1410 1417 15500594
- Not checked yetcites [26] Kypri K Langley JD Saunders JB Cashell-Smith ML Herbison P Randomized controlled trial of web-based alcohol screening and brief intervention in primary care JAMA Intern Med 2008 168 530 536 18332300
- Not checked yetcites [27] Carroll K Ball SA Martino S Nich C Babuscio TA Rounsaville BJ Enduring effects of a computer-assisted training program for cognitive behavioral therapy: A 6-month follow-up of CBT4CBT Drug Alcohol Depend 2009 100 178 181 19041197 PMC2742309
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The theoretical basis of A-CHESS is self-determination theory (SDT), which posits that meeting 3 needs contributes to an individual’s adaptive functioning: being perceived as competent, feeling related to others, and feeling internally motivated and not coerced in one’s actions.10,11”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > Abstract > Trial registration:
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Ryan RM Deci EL Self-regulation and the problem of human autonomy: Does psychology need choice, self-determination, and will? J Pers 2006 74 6 1557 1586 17083658
- Not checked yetcites [11] Ryan RM Deci EL Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being Am Psychol 2000 55 1 68 78 11392867
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Treatment as usual varied across programs; none offered patients coordinated continuing care after discharge.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > Abstract > Intervention:
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study involved only patient self-report, without urine testing, and each survey asked about drinking only in the past 30 days, which does not capture a complete picture of each patient’s drinking and can under- or over-estimate drinking behavior.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > COMMENT
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results were consistent when all 2- and 3-way interactions were included in the model, with significant effects of A-CHESS overall (main effect; P = .003) and at months 4 and 12 (simple effects; Ps = .002 and .044), but not at month 8 (P = .259) or for any other factor or interaction (all Ps > .05).”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Risky Drinking Days
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Within each program, patients were randomized to control or A-CHESS in a 1:1 ratio using a computer-generated random allocation sequence with blocks of 8. Randomization was implemented using sequentially numbered containers.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > METHODS > Study Procedures
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The primary outcome, risky drinking days, was analyzed with mixed-effects models. These models account for correlated measurements within patients, use all available data (allowing for intention-to-treat rather than only complete-case analysis), and provide unbiased estimates when data are missing at random.18”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > METHODS > Statistical Analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] White IR Horton NJ Carpenter J Pocock SJ Strategy for intention to treat analysis in randomised trials with missing outcome data BMJ 2011 342 d40 21300711 PMC3230114
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The missing outcome data in this trial are missing at random.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“AUD severity was not collected.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Post-Hoc Analyses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No patients withdrew from the study, although 21 patients in the control group and 14 patients in the A-CHESS group did not provide data for any of the 3 surveys.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > RESULTS > Baseline Characteristics and A-CHESS Use Data
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 21Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Wisconsin – Madison and registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01003119).”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > METHODS > Study Procedures
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Compared to traditional care, technology can give personalized care while using less counselor time and be available at the moment of greatest need.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > Abstract > Trial registration:
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Planned recruitment of 175 patients per group was estimated from the effect size (h = 0.34) observed in a telephone-based intervention,17 α = .05, .80 power, and 20% attrition.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > METHODS > Statistical Analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] McKay JR Lynch KG Shepard DS The effectiveness of telephone-based continuing care in the programal management of alcohol and cocaine use disorders: 12-month outcomes J Consult Clin Psychol 2004 72 967 979 15612844
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study involved only 2 treatment organizations and 5 programs, and most patients were white males in their 30s and 40s.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > COMMENT
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The promising results of this trial in continuing care for AUDs point to the possible value of a smartphone intervention for treating AUDs and perhaps other chronic illnesses.”
§ A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: A randomized controlled trial > COMMENT
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
No other large randomized trial has been reported about the effectiveness of mobile technology for continuing care of AUDs.
“To our knowledge, no other large randomized trial has been reported about the effectiveness of mobile technology for the continuing care of AUDs.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The missing outcome data in this trial are missing at random.
“provide unbiased estimates when data are missing at random.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The modified 8-item set derived from the SIP-R adequately captures negative consequences of drinking.
“Because of these departures from the established instrument, the 8 items were examined individually rather than as a single scale.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“researchers using an application designed to provide support to people with alcoholism (Addiction—Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System or A-CHESS) were able to partially predict the number of days of consumption based on the level of use of the application by the user (i.e., number of times spent on the application, number of pages viewed) (104).”
From Mobile intervention for individuals with psychosis, dual disorders, and their common comorbidities: A literature review (2019) · cites this paper as [104]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Digital interventions for SUDs have demonstrated efficacy for screening and assessment 251- 253 , treatment 254,255 and recovery 250,256 , as stand- alone tools or as adjuncts to clinician- delivered in terventions.”
From Substance use disorders: a comprehensive update of classification, epidemiology, neurobiology, clinical aspects, treatment and prevention (2023) · cites this paper as [256]
In the citing paper
“The A-CHESS mobile phone app has been previously tested in a randomized trial involving 349 study participants and found to reduce risky drinking days and improve abstinence [19].”
From Successful Organizational Strategies to Sustain Use of A-CHESS: A Mobile Intervention for Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorders (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
A-CHESS randomization count conflicts with the group totals
MinorThe results say 179 patients were assigned to A-CHESS, while the abstract assigns 179 to control and 170 to treatment.
“Although 179 patients were randomized to the A-CHESS group”
“179 were randomized to the control group and 170 to the treatment group.”
Pages-viewed estimate falls outside its confidence interval
MinorThe reported coefficient is positive, but both confidence-interval bounds are negative.
“per 100 pages: B = 0.036”
“95% CI [−0.069, −0.002)”
Replacement reasons exceed the stated total
MinorThe four listed replacement counts sum to 117, rather than the stated 113.
Reported 113 · recomputed 117
“113 phones were replaced: 56 did not work properly, 19 were stolen, 20 were damaged by patients, and 22 were lost.”
Mediation estimate falls outside its confidence interval
MinorThe reported path-b estimate is −0.969, but its interval runs from positive 1.650 to −0.289 and does not contain that estimate.
“b: −.969”
“[1.650, −.289]”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gustafson, D. H., McTavish, F. M., Chih, M.-Y., Atwood, A. K., Johnson, R. A., Boyle, M. G., Levy, M. S., Driscoll, H., Chisholm, S. M., Dillenburg, L., Isham, A., & Shah, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- North Shore Medical Center (US)
- Fayette Companies, Peoria, Illinois
- North Shore Community College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gustafson, David H.
- Venue
- JAMA Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2014-05-01
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 566
- ISSN
- 2168-622X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4016167
- OpenAlex
- W2117046315
- Semantic Scholar
- de54f8c9ced006ca5e986e3dfc871b4effb0fed8
- Cited by
- 692
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 81 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 24
- FWCI
- 44.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- JAMA Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA017192)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- mobile application, alcoholism, continuing care, residential treatment, recovery support, hazardous drinking, post-discharge follow-up, mobile health
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aftercare, Alcoholism, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Compliance, Patient Education as Topic, Psychotherapy, Group, Software, Temperance, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Midwestern United States, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Substance Abuse Treatment Centers, Case Management, Personal Autonomy, Cell Phone, Secondary Prevention, Motivational Interviewing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-06, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-06 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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