Association of Stimulant Use With Dopaminergic Alterations in Users of Cocaine, Amphetamine, or Methamphetamine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Importance: Stimulant use disorder is common, affecting between 0.3% and 1.1% of the population, and costs more than $85 billion per year globally. There are no licensed treatments to date. Several lines of evidence implicate the dopamine system in the pathogenesis of substance use disorder. Therefore, understanding the nature of dopamine dysfunction seen in stimulant users has the potential to aid the development of new therapeutics. Objective: To comprehensively review the in vivo imaging evidence for dopaminergic alterations in stimulant (cocaine, amphetamine, or methamphetamine) abuse or dependence. Data Sources: The entire PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies from inception date to May 14, 2016. Study Selection: Case-control studies were identified that compared dopaminergic measures between stimulant users and healthy controls using positron emission tomography or single-photon emission computed tomography to measure striatal dopamine synthesis or release or to assess dopamine transporter availability or dopamine receptor availability. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Demographic, clinical, and imaging measures were extracted from each study, and meta-analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted for stimulants combined, as well as for cocaine and for amphetamine and methamphetamine separately if there were sufficient studies. Main Outcomes and Measures: Differences were measured in dopamine release (assessed using change in the D2/D3 receptor availability after administration of amphetamine or methylphenidate), dopamine transporter availability, and dopamine receptor availability in cocaine users, amphetamine and methamphetamine users, and healthy controls. Results: A total of 31 studies that compared dopaminergic measures between 519 stimulant users and 512 healthy controls were included in the final analysis. In most of the studies, the duration of abstinence varied from 5 days to 3 weeks. There was a significant decrease in striatal dopamine release in stimulant users compared with healthy controls: the effect size was -0.84 (95% CI, -1.08 to -0.60; P < .001) for stimulants combined and -0.87 (95% CI, -1.15 to -0.60; P < .001) for cocaine. In addition, there was a significant decrease in dopamine transporter availability: the effect size was -0.91 (95% CI, -1.50 to -0.32; P < .01) for stimulants combined and -1.47 (95% CI, -1.83 to -1.10; P < .001) for amphetamine and methamphetamine. There was also a significant decrease in D2/D3 receptor availability: the effect size was -0.76 (95% CI, -0.92 to -0.60; P < .001) for stimulants combined, -0.73 (95% CI, -0.94 to -0.53; P < .001) for cocaine, and -0.81 (95% CI, -1.12 to -0.49; P < .001) for amphetamine and methamphetamine. Consistent alterations were not found in vesicular monoamine transporter, dopamine synthesis, or D1 receptor studies. Conclusions and Relevance: Data suggest that both presynaptic and postsynaptic aspects of the dopamine system in the striatum are down-regulated in stimulant users. The commonality and differences between these findings and the discrepancies with the preclinical literature and models of drug addiction are discussed, as well as their implications for future drug development.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In humans, PET imaging studies reported lower baseline dopamine D2 receptor availability in the dorsal striatum in psychostimulant abusers and opioid-dependent subjects compared with control subjects.
“In humans, positron emission tomography imaging studies reported lower baseline dopamine D 2 receptor availability in the dorsal striatum in psychostimulant abusers and opioid-dependent subjects compared with control subjects (Wang et al., 1997;Ashok et al., 2017).”
From Drug Addiction: Hyperkatifeia/Negative Reinforcement as a Framework for Medications Development (2021) · cites this paper as Ashok et al., 2017
The Results section, “Dopamine receptor availability” (page unavailable), reports lower D2/3 receptor availability in stimulant users than in healthy controls. The paper analyzes the whole striatum rather than specifically the dorsal striatum, and its Discussion notes that the tracers generally cannot distinguish D2 from D3 receptors. It does not study opioid-dependent subjects; the citing sentence also cites Wang et al. for that broader claim. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Bardo, M. T., & Hammer, R. P. (1991) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(91)90226-e · Cited by 3,229 · see citing works
Neurobiologic advances from the brain disease model of addiction
Volkow, N. D., Koob, G. F., & McLellan, A. T. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1511480 · Cited by 2,008 · see citing works
Self-citationExtent of illicit drug use and dependence, and their contribution to the global burden of disease
Degenhardt, L. J., & Hall, W. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61138-0 · Cited by 1,309 · see citing works
The brain on drugs: from reward to addiction
Volkow, N. D., & Morales, M. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.046 · Cited by 1,306 · see citing works
Self-citationCocaine cues and dopamine in dorsal striatum: mechanism of craving in cocaine addiction
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Telang, F., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., Childress, A.-R., Jayne, M., Ma, Y., & Wong, C. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1544-06.2006 · Cited by 1,164 · see citing works
Self-citationDopamine in drug abuse and addiction: results from imaging studies and treatment implications
Volkow, N. D., Fowler, J. S., Wang, G.-J., & Swanson, J. M. (2004) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001507 · Cited by 1,101 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of Dopamine Transporter Reduction With Psychomotor Impairment in Methamphetamine Abusers
Volkow, N. D., Chang, L. L., Wang, G., Fowler, J. S., Leonido–Yee, M., Franceschi, D., Sedler, M. J., Gatley, S. J., HITZEMANN, R. J., Ding, Y. ‐., et al. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.3.377 · Cited by 984 · see citing works
Self-citationHowes, O. D., Kambeitz, J., Kim, E., Stahl, D., Slifstein, M., Abi-Dargham, A., & Kapur, S. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.169 · Cited by 967 · see citing works
Self-citationVolkow, N. D., Fowler, J. S., Wang, G., Hitzemann, R., Logan, J., Schlyer, D. J., Dewey, S. L., & Wolf, A. P. (1993) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.890140210 · Cited by 924 · see citing works
Self-citationVolkow, N. D., Chang, L., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., Ding, Y.-S., Sedler, M., Logan, J., Franceschi, D., Gatley, J., Hitzemann, R., et al. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.12.2015 · Cited by 916 · see citing works
Self-citationDecreased striatal dopaminergic responsiveness in detoxified cocaine-dependent subjects
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., Gatley, S. J., Hitzemann, R., Chen, A. D., Dewey, S. L., & Pappas, N. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/386830a0 · Cited by 854 · see citing works
Self-citationLoss of Dopamine Transporters in Methamphetamine Abusers Recovers with Protracted Abstinence
Volkow, N. D., Chang, L. L., Wang, G., Fowler, J. S., Franceschi, D., Sedler, M. J., Gatley, S. J., Miller, E. N., HITZEMANN, R. J., Ding, Y., et al. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-23-09414.2001 · Cited by 754 · see citing works
Self-citationNew Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Amphetamines
Fleckenstein, A. E., Volz, T. J., Riddle, E. L., Gibb, J. W., & Hanson, G. R. (2007) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105140 · Cited by 731 · see citing works
Striatal dopamine nerve terminal markers in human, chronic methamphetamine users
Wilson, J. M., Kalasinsky, K. S., Levey, A. I., Bergeron, C., Reiber, G. D., Anthony, R. M., Schmunk, G. A., Shannak, K. S., Haycock, J. W., & Kish, S. J. (1996) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0696-699 · Cited by 718 · see citing works
The dopamine theory of addiction: 40 years of highs and lows
Nutt, D., Lingford-Hughes, A. R., Erritzøe, D., & Stokes, P. R. A. (2015) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3939 · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Relationship between subjective effects of cocaine and dopamine transporter occupancy
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G., Fischman, M. W., Foltin, R. W., Fowler, J. S., Abumrad, N. N., Vitkun, S. A., Logan, J., Gatley, S. J., Pappas, N. R., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/386827a0 · Cited by 646 · see citing works
Self-citationMcCann, U. D., Wong, D. F., Yokoi, F., Villemagne, V., Dannals, R. F., & Ricaurte, G. A. (1998) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-20-08417.1998 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Reward system and addiction: what dopamine does and doesn’t do
DiChiara, G., & Bassareo, V. (2006) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2006.11.003 · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Terwilliger, R. Z., Beitner‐Johnson, D., Sevarino, K. A., Crain, S. M., & Nestler, E. J. (1991) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)91111-d · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Kalivas, P., & Duffy, P. (1993) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.13-01-00266.1993 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
PET imaging of dopamine D2 receptors during chronic cocaine self-administration in monkeys
Nader, M. A., Morgan, D., Gage, H. D., Nader, S. H., Calhoun, T. L., Buchheimer, N., Ehrenkaufer, R., & Mach, R. H. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1737 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Robinson, T. E., Jurson, P. A., Bennett, J. A., & Bentgen, K. M. (1988) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)90549-5 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Epigenetic mechanisms of drug addiction
Nestler, E. J. (2013) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.004 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Ageing as a primary risk factor for Parkinson's disease: evidence from studies of non-human primates
Collier, T. J., Kanaan, N. M., & Kordower, J. H. (2011) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3039 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
LaVoie, M. J., & Hastings, T. G. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-04-01484.1999 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Imaging dopamine receptors in humans with [11C]-(+)-PHNO: Dissection of D3 signal and anatomy
Tziortzi, A. C., Searle, G. E., Tzimopoulou, S., Salinas, C. A., Beaver, J. D., Jenkinson, M., Laruelle, M. A., Rabiner, E. A., & Gunn, R. N. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.06.044 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J., Logan, J., Gatley, S., Wong, C., Hitzemann, R., & Pappas, N. (1999) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(24)35115-8 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of chronic cocaine abuse on postsynaptic dopamine receptors
(1990) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.147.6.719 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Han, D. D., & Gu, H. H. (2006) · BMC Pharmacology · doi:10.1186/1471-2210-6-6 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Sekine, Y., Iyo, M., Ouchi, Y., Matsunaga, T., Tsukada, H., Okada, H., Yoshikawa, E., Futatsubashi, M., Takei, N., & Mori, N. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.8.1206 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Dopamine Prediction Errors in Reward Learning and Addiction: From Theory to Neural Circuitry
Keiflin, R., & Janak, P. H. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.08.037 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Martinez, D., Narendran, R., Foltin, R. W., Slifstein, M., Hwang, D.-R., Broft, A., Huang, Y., Cooper, T. B., Fischman, M. W., Kleber, H. D., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.4.622 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
SPECT imaging of striatal dopamine release after amphetamine challenge.
Laruelle, M. A., Abi‐Dargham, A., van Dyck, C. H., Rosenblatt, W., Zea‐Ponce, Y., Zoghbi, S. S., Baldwin, R. M., Charney, D. S., Hoffer, P. B., & Kung, H. F. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Increased Occupancy of Dopamine Receptors in Human Striatum during Cue-Elicited Cocaine Craving
Wong, D. F., Kuwabara, H., Schretlen, D. J., Bonson, K. R., Zhou, Y., Nandi, A., Brašić, J. R., Kimes, A. S., Maris, M. A., Kumar, A., et al. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301194 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Martinez, D., Broft, A., Foltin, R. W., Slifstein, M., Hwang, D.-R., Huang, Y., Perez, A., Frankel, W. G., Cooper, T., Kleber, H. D., et al. (2004) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300420 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Ma, Y., Fowler, J. S., Wong, C., Ding, Y.-S., Hitzemann, R., Swanson, J. M., & Kalivas, P. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0433-05.2005 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Self-citationCallaghan, R. C., Cunningham, J. K., Sykes, J. R., & Kish, S. J. (2011) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.06.013 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Grace, A. A. (1995) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/0376-8716(94)01066-t · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Methamphetamine-induced neuronal damage: A possible role for free radicals
Vito, M. J. D., & Wagner, G. C. (1989) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/0028-3908(89)90130-5 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Excessive cocaine use results from decreased phasic dopamine signaling in the striatum
Willuhn, I., Burgeno, L. M., Groblewski, P. A., & Phillips, P. E. M. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3694 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the neurotoxicity of opioid and psychostimulant drugs
Cunha‐Oliveira, T., Rego, A. C., & Oliveira, C. R. (2008) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.03.002 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Sekine, Y., Minabe, Y., Ouchi, Y., Takei, N., Iyo, M., Nakamura, K., Suzuki, K., Tsukada, H., Okada, H., Yoshikawa, E., et al. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.9.1699 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Tomasi, D., Kollins, S. H., Wigal, T. L., Newcorn, J. H., Telang, F. W., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., Wong, C. T., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4461-11.2012 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive function and nigrostriatal markers in abstinent methamphetamine abusers
Johanson, C.-E., Frey, K. A., Lundahl, L. H., Keenan, P., Lockhart, N., Roll, J., Galloway, G. P., Koeppe, R. A., Kilbourn, M. R., Robbins, T., et al. (2006) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0330-6 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Kahlig, K. M., & Galli, A. (2003) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.08.065 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Selvaraj, S., Arnone, D., Cappai, A., & Howes, O. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.06.005 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Self-citationDecreased dopamine activity predicts relapse in methamphetamine abusers
Wang, G. J., Smith, L., Volkow, N. D., Telang, F., Logan, J., Tomasi, D., Wong, C. T., Hoffman, W., Jayne, M., Alia-Klein, N., et al. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.86 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citationMartinez, D., Carpenter, K. M., Liu, F., Slifstein, M., Broft, A., Friedman, A. C., Kumar, D., Van Heertum, R., Kleber, H. D., & Nunes, E. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10050748 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Persistent cognitive and dopamine transporter deficits in abstinent methamphetamine users
McCann, U. D., Kuwabara, H., Kumar, A., Palermo, M., Abbey, R., Brašić, J. R., Ye, W., Alexander, M., Dannals, R. F., Wong, D. F., et al. (2007) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.20471 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens of animals self-administering drugs of abuse
Willuhn, I., Wanat, M. J., Clark, J. J., & Phillips, P. E. M. (2010) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2009_27 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Regulation of the dopamine transporter
Schmitt, K. C., & Reith, M. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05148.x · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Curtin, K. P., Fleckenstein, A. E., Robison, R. J., Crookston, M. J., Smith, K. R., & Hanson, G. R. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.027 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Segal, D. S., & Kuczenski, R. T. (1992) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)90297-m · Cited by 181 · see citing works
The dopaminergic basis of human behaviors: a review of molecular imaging studies
Egerton, A., Mehta, M., Montgomery, A., Lappin, J., Howes, O., Reeves, S., Cunningham, V., & Grasby, P. (2009) · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.05.005 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citationBoileau, I., Payer, D. E., Houle, S., Behzadi, A., Rusjan, P., Tong, J., Wilkins, D. G., Selby, P. L., George, T. P., Zack, M. H., et al. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4371-11.2012 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Martínez, D., Greene, K. A., Broft, A. I., Kumar, D. J. S., Liu, F., Narendran, R., Slifstein, M., Heertum, R. V., & Kleber, H. D. (2009) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08121801 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Amphetamine Paradoxically Augments Exocytotic Dopamine Release and Phasic Dopamine Signals
Daberkow, D. P., Brown, H. D., Bunner, K. D., Kraniotis, S. A., Doellman, M. A., Ragozzino, M. E., Garris, P. A., & Roitman, M. F. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2136-12.2013 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Heidbreder, C. A., Thompson, A. C., & Shippenberg, T. S. (1996) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)20628-0 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Malison, R. T., Best, S. E., van Dyck, C. H., McCance, E. F., Wallace, E. A., Laruelle, M. A., Baldwin, R. M., Seibyl, J. P., Price, L. H., Kosten, T. R., et al. (1998) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.155.6.832 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Weiss, F., Paulus, M. P., Lorang, M. T., & Koob, G. F. (1992) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-11-04372.1992 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Chang, L., Wang, G., Volkow, N. D., Ernst, T. M., Telang, F., Logan, J., & Fowler, J. S. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.05.011 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Self-citationD2R DNA transfer into the nucleus accumbens attenuates cocaine self-administration in rats
Thanos, P. K., Michaelides, M., Umegaki, H., & Volkow, N. D. (2008) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.20523 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationRapid regulation of the dopamine transporter: role in stimulant addiction?
Zahniser, N. R., & Sorkin, A. D. (2004) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.07.010 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Robertson, C. L., Ishibashi, K., Chudzynski, J. E., Mooney, L. J., Rawson, R. A., Dolezal, B. A., Cooper, C. B., Brown, A. K., Mandelkern, M. A., & London, E. D. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.331 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Egerton, A., Demjaha, A., McGuire, P. K., Mehta, M. A., & Howes, O. D. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.058 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationStimulant-induced dopamine increases are markedly blunted in active cocaine abusers
Volkow, N. D., Tomasi, D., Wang, G.-J., Logan, J., Alexoff, D. L., Jayne, M., Fowler, J. S., Wong, C., Yin, P., & Du, C. (2014) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2014.58 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationSchiffer, W. K., Volkow, N. D., Fowler, J. S., Alexoff, D. L., Logan, J., & Dewey, S. L. (2006) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.20235 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationBehavioral and neurochemical sensitization following cocaine self-administration
Hooks, M. S., Duffy, P., Striplin, C. D., & Kalivas, P. W. (1994) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02244782 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Martínez, D., Slifstein, M., Narendran, R., Foltin, R. W., Broft, A. I., Hwang, D., Perez, A. Y., Abi‐Dargham, A., Fischman, M. W., Kleber, H. D., et al. (2009) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2008.235 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Amphetamine Mechanisms and Actions at the Dopamine Terminal Revisited
Calipari, E. S., & Ferris, M. J. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1033-13.2013 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Harvey, D. C., Laćan, G., Tanious, S. P., & Melega, W. P. (2000) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02439-2 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Antipsychotic medications for cocaine dependence
Indave, B. I., Minozzi, S., Pani, P. P., & Amato, L. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006306.pub3 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Cocaine uptake is decreased in the brain of detoxified cocaine abusers
Volkow, N. (1996) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0893-133x(95)00073-m · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Payer, D. E., Behzadi, A., Kish, S. J., Houle, S., Wilson, A. A., Rusjan, P., Tong, J., Selby, P. L., George, T. P., McCluskey, T., et al. (2013) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2013.192 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Kambeitz, J., Abi-Dargham, A., Kapur, S., & Howes, O. (2013) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.132308 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychostimulant drugs for cocaine dependence
Castells, X., Cunill, R., Pérez-Mañá, C., Vidal, X., & Capellà, D. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007380.pub4 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Dopamine agonists for the treatment of cocaine dependence
Minozzi, S., Amato, L., Pani, P. P., Solimini, R., Vecchi, S., Crescenzo, F. D., Zuccaro, P., & Davoli, M. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003352.pub4 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Boileau, I., Rusjan, P., Houle, S., Wilkins, D., Tong, J., Selby, P., Guttman, M., Saint-Cyr, J. A., Wilson, A. A., & Kish, S. J. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3008-08.2008 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Sun, W., Ginovart, N., Ko, F., Seeman, P., & Kapur, S. (2003) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.63.2.456 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Chronic cocaine alters limbic extracellular dopamine. Neurochemical basis for addiction
Impérato, A., Mele, A., Scrocco, M. G., & Puglisi‐Allegra, S. (1992) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(92)90349-9 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Kambeitz, J. P., & Howes, O. D. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.034 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationTata, D. Α., & Yamamoto, B. K. (2007) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01770.x · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Decreasing Striatal 6-FDOPA Uptake with Increasing Duration of Cocaine Withdrawal
Wu, J. C. (1997) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(97)00089-4 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Impact of D2 receptor internalization on binding affinity of neuroimaging radiotracers
Guo, N., Guo, W., Králíková, M., Jiang, M., Schieren, I., Narendran, R., Slifstein, M., Abi-Dargham, A., Laruelle, M., Javitch, J., et al. (2009) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.189 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Gallezot, J., Beaver, J. D., Gunn, R. N., Nabulsi, N., Weinzimmer, D. P., Singhal, T., Slifstein, M., Fowles, K., Ding, Y., Huang, Y. H., et al. (2011) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.21535 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Melega, W. P., Jorgensen, M. J., Laćan, G., Way, B. M., Pham, J., Morton, G. G., Cho, A. K., & Fairbanks, L. A. (2007) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301502 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Chou, Y.-H., Huang, W.-S., Su, T.-P., Lu, R.-B., Wan, F.-J., & Fu, Y.-K. (2007) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2006.05.002 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Dopamine D3 receptor alterations in cocaine-dependent humans imaged with [11C](+)PHNO
Matuskey, D., Gallezot, J., Pittman, B. P., Williams, W. A., Wanyiri, J. W., Gaiser, E., Lee, D. E., Hannestad, J. O., Lim, K., Zheng, M.-Q., et al. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.013 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G., Smith, L. A., Fowler, J. S., Telang, F., Logan, J., & Tomasi, D. G. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.035 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationKuczenski, R. T., Segal, D. S., & Todd, P. K. (1997) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130050445 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Paulson, P. E. (1996) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0893-133x(95)00141-y · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Crippens, D., & Robinson, T. E. (1994) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)90206-2 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Ballard, M. E., Mandelkern, M. A., Monterosso, J. R., Hsu, E., Robertson, C. L., Ishibashi, K., Dean, A. C., & London, E. D. (2015) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyu119 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Reward system and addiction: what dopamine does and doesn’t do
Chiara, G. D., & Bassareo, V. (2007) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2007.02.001 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Nestler, E. J. (2015) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.039 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Narendran, R., Lopresti, B. J., Martinez, D., Mason, N. S., Himes, M., May, M. A., Daley, D. C., Price, J. C., Mathis, C. A., & Frankle, W. G. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11010126 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Dopamine transporter levels in cocaine dependent subjects
Crits-Christoph, P. F., Newberg, A. B., Wintering, N., Plöessl, K., Gibbons, M. B. C., Ring‐Kurtz, S., Gallop, R., & Present, J. (2008) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.04.014 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Cocaine abusers do not show loss of dopamine transporters with age
Wang, G., Volkow, N. D., Fowler, J. S., Fischman, M. W., Foltin, R. W., Abumrad, N. N., Logan, J., & Pappas, N. R. (1997) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(97)00614-0 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, K. C., Yang, Y. K., Howes, O. D., Lee, I. H., Landau, S., Yeh, T. L., Chiu, N. T., Chen, P. S., Lu, R., David, A. S., et al. (2011) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr163 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Cerebral Metabolism of L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Horne, M. K., Cheng, C.-P., & Wooten, G. F. (2008) · Pharmacology · doi:10.1159/000137938 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Johnson, D. W., & Glick, S. D. (1993) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(93)90362-w · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Wiers, C. E., Shokri-Kojori, E., Cabrera, E., Cunningham, S., Wong, C., Tomasi, D., Wang, G.-J., & Volkow, N. D. (2016) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.01.056 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationReduced sleep duration mediates decreases in striatal D2/D3 receptor availability in cocaine abusers
Wiers, C. E., Shumay, E., Cabrera, E., Kojori, E. S., Gladwin, T. E., Skarda, E., Cunningham, S. I., Kim, S. W., Wong, T. C., Tomasi, D. G., et al. (2016) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.14 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationMeil, W. M., Roll, J. M., Grimm, J. W., Lynch, A. M., & See, R. E. (1995) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02245964 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Crippens, D., Camp, D. M., & Robinson, T. E. (1993) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90878-o · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Emotion dysregulation and amygdala dopamine D2-type receptor availability in methamphetamine users
Okita, K., Ghahremani, D. G., Payer, D. E., Robertson, C. L., Dean, A. C., Mandelkern, M. A., & London, E. D. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.029 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Yuan, J., Liu, X. D., Han, M., Lv, R. B., Wang, Y.-K., Zhang, G. M., & Li, Y. (2015) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12271 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Iyo, M., Nishio, M., Itoh, T., et al. (1993) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/0925-4927(93)90002-y · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Pérez-Mañá, C., Castells, X., Vidal, X., Casas, M., & Capellà, D. (2011) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2010.08.012 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Dopaminergic System Dysfunction in Recreational Dexamphetamine Users
Schrantee, A., Václavů, L., Heijtel, D., Caan, M. W. A., Gsell, W., Lucassen, P. J., Nederveen, A. J., Booij, J., & Reneman, L. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.301 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Narendran, R., Martínez, D., Mason, N. S., Lopresti, B. J., Himes, M. L., Chen, C., May, M. A., Price, J. C., Mathis, C. A., & Frankle, W. G. (2011) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.20970 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Okita, K., Ghahremani, D. G., Payer, D. E., Robertson, C. L., Mandelkern, M. A., & London, E. D. (2015) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyv129 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Rapid Recovery of Vesicular Dopamine Levels in Methamphetamine Users in Early Abstinence
Boileau, I., McCluskey, T., Tong, J., Furukawa, Y., Houle, S., & Kish, S. J. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.267 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Molecular imaging as a guide for the treatment of central nervous system disorders
Kim, E., Howes, O., & Kapur, S. (2013) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2013.15.3/ekim · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationYuan, J., Lv, R., Brašić, J. R., Han, M., Liu, X., Wang, Y., Zhang, G., Liu, C., Li, Y., & Deng, Y. (2013) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.11.005 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Monoaminergic dysfunction in recreational users of dexamphetamine
Schouw, M. L. J., Caan, M. W. A., Geurts, H. M., Schmand, B. A., Booij, J., Nederveen, A. J., & Reneman, L. (2013) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.01.005 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Ballard, M. E., Dean, A. C., Mandelkern, M. A., & London, E. D. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143510 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Loss of phasic dopamine: a new addiction marker?
Caprioli, D., Calu, D. J., & Shaham, Y. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3699 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Drug Addiction: Hyperkatifeia/Negative Reinforcement as a Framework for Medications Development
Koob, G. F. (2021) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.120.000083 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Bupropion and naltrexone in methamphetamine use disorder
Trivedi, M. H., Walker, R., Ling, W., dela Cruz, A., Sharma, G., Carmody, T., Ghitza, U. E., Wahle, A., Kim, M., Shores-Wilson, K., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2020214 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Neuroinflammation in schizophrenia: meta-analysis of <i>in vivo</i> microglial imaging studies
Marques, T. R., Ashok, A. H., Pillinger, T., Veronese, M., Turkheimer, F. E., Dazzan, P., Sommer, I. E. C., & Howes, O. D. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718003057 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Self-citationJones, C. M., Houry, D., Han, B., Baldwin, G., Vivolo‐Kantor, A., & Compton, W. M. (2022) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14688 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Rafizadeh, R., Danilewitz, M., Bousman, C. A., Mathew, N., White, R. F., Bahji, A., Honer, W. G., & Schütz, C. G. (2023) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811221142575 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Strickland, J. C., Gipson, C. D., & Dunn, K. E. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.835816 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ashok, A. H., Mizuno, Y., Volkow, N. D., & Howes, O. D.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (US)
- Corresponding author
- Howes, Oliver D.
- Venue
- JAMA Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2017-05-01
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 511
- ISSN
- 2168-622X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5419581
- OpenAlex
- W2590245649
- Cited by
- 330
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 15.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- JAMA Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Japanese Society of Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology
- Wellcome Trust (094849/Z/10/Z)
- Maudsley Charity (094849/Z/10/Z)
- King's College London
- Astellas Pharma
- Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research
- Servier
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Medical Research Council (MC- A656-5QD30, MR/N026063/1, 094849/Z/10/Z)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- stimulant use disorder, cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, dopamine release, striatal dopamine, dopamine transporter availability, dopamine synthesis, in vivo imaging, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, abstinence, dopaminergic dysfunction, treatment development
- MeSH terms
- Corpus Striatum, Dopamine, Humans, Receptors, Dopamine, Amphetamine-Related Disorders, Cocaine-Related Disorders, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
