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Cited by 481Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesParkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

PET imaging of dopamine D2 receptors during chronic cocaine self-administration in monkeys

Nader, Michael A, Morgan, Drake, Gage, H Donald, Nader, Susan H, Calhoun, Tonya L, Buchheimer, Nancy, Ehrenkaufer, Richard, Mach, Robert H·2006·Nature Neuroscience
DOI 10.1038/nn1737
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Abstract

Dopamine neurotransmission is associated with high susceptibility to cocaine abuse. Positron emission tomography was used in 12 rhesus macaques to determine if dopamine D2 receptor availability was associated with the rate of cocaine reinforcement, and to study changes in brain dopaminergic function during maintenance of and abstinence from cocaine. Baseline D2 receptor availability was negatively correlated with rates of cocaine self-administration. D2 receptor availability decreased by 15-20% within 1 week of initiating self-administration and remained reduced by approximately 20% during 1 year of exposure. Long-term reductions in D2 receptor availability were observed, with decreases persisting for up to 1 year of abstinence in some monkeys. These data provide evidence for a predisposition to self-administer cocaine based on D2 receptor availability, and demonstrate that the brain dopamine system responds rapidly following cocaine exposure. Individual differences in the rate of recovery of D2 receptor function during abstinence were noted.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nn1737

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47 of 47 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The decrease in D2 receptor binding is long lasting, at least 3-4 months in humans and possibly up to a year in non-human primates depending on the individual.

    “On the other hand, the decrease in D2 receptor binding is long lasting, at least 3–4 months in humans (Volkow et al., 1993) and possibly longer, up to a year in non-human primates depending on the individual (Nader et al., 2006).”

    From Imaging addiction: D2 receptors and dopamine signaling in the striatum as biomarkers for impulsivity (2014) · cites this paper as Nader et al., 2006

  • Repeated drug exposures in rodents and non-human primates are associated with reductions in striatal D2R levels and D2R signalling.

    “preclinical studies in rodent and non-human primates have shown that repeated drug exposures are associated with reductions in striatal D2R levels and in D2R signalling (65–67).”

    From Obesity and addiction: Neurobiological overlaps (2013) · cites this paper as [66]

  • Repeated drug exposures are associated with long-lasting reductions in striatal D2R levels and signaling in preclinical studies.

    “Similarly, preclinical studies have shown that repeated drug exposures are associated with long-lasting reductions in striatal D2R levels and signaling (72,73).”

    From The Addictive Dimensionality of Obesity (2013) · cites this paper as [72]

  • Preclinical studies in rodent and non-human primates have shown that repeated drug exposures are associated with reductions in striatal D2R levels.

    “Similarly, preclinical studies in rodent and non-human primates have shown that repeated drug exposures are associated with reductions in striatal D2R levels (Nader et al 2006;Thanos et al 2007;Volkow et al 2001).”

    From Food and Drug Reward: Overlapping Circuits in Human Obesity and Addiction (2011) · cites this paper as Nader et al 2006

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Authors
Nader, M. A., Morgan, D., Gage, H. D., Nader, S. H., Calhoun, T. L., Buchheimer, N., Ehrenkaufer, R., & Mach, R. H.
Affiliations
  • Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
  • University of Florida Health (US)
  • Washington University in St. Louis (US)
Corresponding author
Nader, Michael A
ORCID
Venue
Nature Neuroscience
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2006-07-09
Volume
9
Issue
8
Pages
1050-1056
ISSN
  • 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
  • 1546-1726
DOI
10.1038/nn1737
OpenAlex
W2125364966
Cited by
481
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 36
FWCI
9.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01da008468-03)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-08468, DA 14637, R01DA014637)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords
dopamine D2 receptor, cocaine self-administration, cocaine dependence, rhesus monkeys, receptor availability, cocaine reinforcement, abstinence, individual differences, dopaminergic system, chronic cocaine exposure
MeSH terms
Animals, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Cocaine, Food, Humans, Lorazepam, Macaca mulatta, Male, Reinforcement, Psychology, Self Administration, Time Factors, Behavior, Addictive, Receptors, Dopamine D2, GABA Modulators, Positron-Emission Tomography

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