Cited by 331Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationPain Management and TreatmentPain Management and Placebo Effect

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 75 of the 82 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 2 are not checked yet.

Effect of Pain Reprocessing Therapy vs Placebo and Usual Care for Patients With Chronic Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Open access

Ashar, Yoni K., Gordon, Alan, Schubiner, Howard, Uipi, Christie, Knight, Karen, Anderson, Zachary, Carlisle, Judith, Polisky, Laurie, Geuter, Stephan, Flood, Thomas F., Kragel, Philip A., Dimidjian, Sona, Lumley, Mark A., Wager, Tor D.·2022·JAMA Psychiatry

DOI 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2669PMC PMC8482298

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Importance: Chronic back pain (CBP) is a leading cause of disability, and treatment is often ineffective. Approximately 85% of cases are primary CBP, for which peripheral etiology cannot be identified, and maintenance factors include fear, avoidance, and beliefs that pain indicates injury. Objective: To test whether a psychological treatment (pain reprocessing therapy [PRT]) aiming to shift patients' beliefs about the causes and threat value of pain provides substantial and durable pain relief from primary CBP and to investigate treatment mechanisms. Design, Setting, and Participants: This randomized clinical trial with longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and 1-year follow-up assessment was conducted in a university research setting from November 2017 to August 2018, with 1-year follow-up completed by November 2019. Clinical and fMRI data were analyzed from January 2019 to August 2020. The study compared PRT with an open-label placebo treatment and with usual care in a community sample. Interventions: Participants randomized to PRT participated in 1 telehealth session with a physician and 8 psychological treatment sessions over 4 weeks. Treatment aimed to help patients reconceptualize their pain as due to nondangerous brain activity rather than peripheral tissue injury, using a combination of cognitive, somatic, and exposure-based techniques. Participants randomized to placebo received an open-label subcutaneous saline injection in the back; participants randomized to usual care continued their routine, ongoing care. Main Outcomes and Measures: One-week mean back pain intensity score (0 to 10) at posttreatment, pain beliefs, and fMRI measures of evoked pain and resting connectivity. Results: At baseline, 151 adults (54% female; mean [SD] age, 41.1 [15.6] years) reported mean (SD) pain of low to moderate severity (mean [SD] pain intensity, 4.10 [1.26] of 10; mean [SD] disability, 23.34 [10.12] of 100) and mean (SD) pain duration of 10.0 (8.9) years. Large group differences in pain were observed at posttreatment, with a mean (SD) pain score of 1.18 (1.24) in the PRT group, 2.84 (1.64) in the placebo group, and 3.13 (1.45) in the usual care group. Hedges g was -1.14 for PRT vs placebo and -1.74 for PRT vs usual care (P < .001). Of 151 total participants, 33 of 50 participants (66%) randomized to PRT were pain-free or nearly pain-free at posttreatment (reporting a pain intensity score of 0 or 1 of 10), compared with 10 of 51 participants (20%) randomized to placebo and 5 of 50 participants (10%) randomized to usual care. Treatment effects were maintained at 1-year follow-up, with a mean (SD) pain score of 1.51 (1.59) in the PRT group, 2.79 (1.78) in the placebo group, and 3.00 (1.77) in the usual care group. Hedges g was -0.70 for PRT vs placebo (P = .001) and -1.05 for PRT vs usual care (P < .001) at 1-year follow-up. Longitudinal fMRI showed (1) reduced responses to evoked back pain in the anterior midcingulate and the anterior prefrontal cortex for PRT vs placebo; (2) reduced responses in the anterior insula for PRT vs usual care; (3) increased resting connectivity from the anterior prefrontal cortex and the anterior insula to the primary somatosensory cortex for PRT vs both control groups; and (4) increased connectivity from the anterior midcingulate to the precuneus for PRT vs usual care. Conclusions and Relevance: Psychological treatment centered on changing patients' beliefs about the causes and threat value of pain may provide substantial and durable pain relief for people with CBP. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03294148.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2669

Cites

75 of 77 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figure 1. CONSORT Participant Flow Diagram MRI indicates magnetic resonance imaging.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 2. Clinical Outcomes A, Shading indicates standard error. B, Dots represent individual participants; thick lines represent the group mean. C, Percentage of patients reporting pain scores of 0 or 1 of 10 (ie, pain-free or nearly pain-free) at posttreatment and at 1-year follow-up. PRT indicates pain reprocessing therapy.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 3. Effects of Treatment on Evoked and Spontaneous Back Pain and Related Brain Function A, Error bars show standard error. B, Coordinates and statistics for activations provided in eTable 7 in Supplement 2; analyses conducted within a mask of regions of interest; eFigure 1 in Supplement 2. C, Decreased evoked pain-related activity was observed in anterior midcingulate (aMCC) and anterior prefrontal regions for PRT vs placebo and left anterior insula for PRT vs usual care. D, Error bars show standard error. E, PRT vs control conditions increased aPFC-seeded (red clusters) and aIns-seeded (green clusters) connectivity with primary somatosensory cortex (permutation test, P < .05). Inset shows seed regions, derived from evoked pain analyses; magenta outlines, PRT vs placebo; black outlines, PRT vs usual care. F, PRT vs usual care increased connectivity between an aMCC seed (yellow; derived from evoked back pain analyses) and the precuneus (orange). Connectivity analyses were conducted within primary somatosensory cortex and medial default mode network masks. aP < .001. bP < .05.CC BY · PubMed Central

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

How do you feel — now? The anterior insula and human awareness
(Bud) Craig, A. D. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2555 · Cited by 6,657
Relationship of subjective and objective social status with psychological and physiological functioning: Preliminary data in healthy, White women.
Adler, N. E., Epel, E. S., Castellazzo, G., & Ickovics, J. R. (2000) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.19.6.586 · Cited by 5,080
Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain
Woolf, C. J. (2011) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.09.030 · Cited by 4,771
What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention
Hartvigsen, J., Hancock, M. J., Kongsted, A., Louw, Q., Ferreira, M. L., Genevay, S., Hoy, D., Karppinen, J., Pransky, G., Sieper, J., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30480-x · Cited by 4,652
Prevalence of Chronic Pain and High-Impact Chronic Pain Among Adults — United States, 2016
Dahlhamer, J., Lucas, J., Zelaya, Nahin, R., Mackey, S., DeBar, L., Kerns, R., Von Korff, M., Porter, L., & Helmick, C. (2018) · MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6736a2 · Cited by 2,598
Non-specific low back pain
Maher, C., Underwood, M., & Buchbinder, R. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30970-9 · Cited by 2,535 · cited 5×
“Techniques included (1) providing personalized evidence for centralized pain; (2) guided reappraisal of pain sensations while seated and while engaging in feared postures or movements; (3) techniques addressing psychosocial threats (eg, difficult emotions) potentially amplifying pain; and (4) techniques to increase po…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The brain basis of emotion: a meta-analytic review
Lindquist, K. A., Wager, T. D., Kober, H., Bliss-Moreau, E., & Barrett, L. F. (2012) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x11000446 · Cited by 2,320
Self-citation
RELIEVING PAIN IN AMERICA: A BLUEPRINT FOR TRANSFORMING PREVENTION, CARE, EDUCATION, AND RESEARCH
Simon, L. S. (2012) · Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.3109/15360288.2012.678473 · Cited by 2,200
Cognitive and emotional control of pain and its disruption in chronic pain
Bushnell, M. C., Čeko, M., & Low, L. A. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3516 · Cited by 2,076 · cited 1×
“Full-time (>30 h/wk) 33 (66) 26 (51) 28 (56)”
Interoceptive predictions in the brain
Barrett, L. F., & Simmons, W. K. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3950 · Cited by 1,766 · cited 1×
“Part-time (5-30 h/wk) 10 (20) 12 (24) 13 (26)”

Show all 82 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Schubiner, 2010, Unlearn Your Pain

Sorted by citations

Associations between pain intensity, psychosocial factors, and pain-related disability in 4285 patients with chronic pain
Landmark, L., Sunde, H. F., Fors, E. A., Kennair, L. E. O., Sayadian, A., Backelin, C., & Rème, S. E. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-64059-8 · Cited by 99
Impact of contextual factors on patient outcomes following conservative low back pain treatment: systematic review
Sherriff, B., Clark, C., Killingback, C., & Newell, D. (2022) · Chiropractic & Manual Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12998-022-00430-8 · Cited by 82
An update on non-pharmacological interventions for pain relief
Wang, Y., Aaron, R. V., Attal, N., & Colloca, L. (2025) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.101940 · Cited by 109
From fibrositis to fibromyalgia to nociplastic pain: how rheumatology helped get us here and where do we go from here?
Clauw, D. J. (2024) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard-2023-225327 · Cited by 80
“64 Interest-ingly, in one study of EAET, the individuals who responded best to this approach had relatively normal QST profiles 63 suggesting that there are likely many endophenotypes of nociplastic pain.”
Background
Intersectionality as a theoretical framework for researching health inequities in chronic pain
Macgregor, C., Walumbe, J., Tulle, E., Seenan, C., & Blane, D. (2023) · British Journal of Pain · doi:10.1177/20494637231188583 · Cited by 73
Effect sizes and test-retest reliability of the fMRI-based neurologic pain signature
Han, X., Ashar, Y. K., Kragel, P. A., Petre, B., Schelkun, V., Atlas, L. Y., Chang, L. J., Jepma, M., Koban, L., Losin, E. A. R., et al. (2021) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118844 · Cited by 63
Self-citation
The Relationship Between Pain and Interoception: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Horsburgh, A., Summers, S. J., Lewis, A., Keegan, R. J., & Flood, A. P. (2024) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2024.01.341 · Cited by 72
Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy vs Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Pain in Older Veterans
Yarns, B. C., JACKSON, N. J., Alas, A., Melrose, R. J., Lumley, M. A., & Sultzer, D. L. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.15842 · Cited by 60
Self-citation
Clinical pain management: Current practice and recent innovations in research
Wang, J., & Doan, L. (2024) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101786 · Cited by 74
Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder based on functional brain networks and machine learning
Alves, C. L., Toutain, T. G. L. D. O., Aguiar, P. D. C., Pineda, A. M., Roster, K. I. O., Thielemann, C., Porto, J. A. M., & Rodrigues, F. A. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-34650-6 · Cited by 65
Placebo treatment affects brain systems related to affective and cognitive processes, but not nociceptive pain
Botvinik‐Nezer, R., Petre, B., Čeko, M., Lindquist, M. A., Friedman, N. P., & Wager, T. D. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-50103-8 · Cited by 50
Self-citation
Corticostriatal circuits in the transition to chronic back pain: The predictive role of reward learning
Löffler, M., Levine, S. M., Usai, K., Desch, S., Mišić, M., Nees, F., & Flor, H. (2022) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100677 · Cited by 45
“Increasing the variability of behavioral responses and fostering explorative behavior may be a valuable treatment target in patients with chronic pain.45 Behavioral treatments targeting operant-learning mechanisms are available,46,47 and Ashar et al.48 showed that brain connectivity patterns may predict successful cog…”
Background
Blinding and sham control methods in trials of physical, psychological, and self-management interventions for pain (article I): a systematic review and description of methods
Hohenschurz‐Schmidt, D., Draper‐Rodi, J., Vase, L., Scott, W., McGregor, A. H., Soliman, N., MacMillan, A., Olivier, A., Cherian, C. A., Corcoran, D., et al. (2022) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002723 · Cited by 50
Commonly used interventional procedures for non-cancer chronic spine pain: a clinical practice guideline
Busse, J. W., Genevay, S., Agarwal, A., Standaert, C. J., Carneiro, K. A., Friedrich, J. M., Ferreira, M. M., Verbeke, H., Brox, J. I., Xiao, H., et al. (2025) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2024-079970 · Cited by 44
Cognitive functional therapy compared with core exercise and manual therapy in patients with chronic low back pain: randomised controlled trial
Castro, J., Correia, L. C. L., Donato, B. D. S., Arruda, B., Agulhari, F., Pellegrini, M. J., Belache, F. T. C., de Souza, C. P., Fernandez, J., Nogueira, L. A. C., et al. (2022) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002644 · Cited by 46
Internet-based emotional awareness and expression therapy for somatic symptom disorder: A randomized controlled trial
Maroti, D., Lumley, M. A., Schubiner, H., Lilliengren, P., Bileviciute-Ljungar, I., Ljótsson, B., & Johansson, R. (2022) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111068 · Cited by 40
Self-citation
Mechanisms of education and graded sensorimotor retraining in people with chronic low back pain: a mediation analysis
Cashin, A. G., Lee, H., Wand, B. M., Bagg, M. K., O’Hagan, E. T., Rizzo, R. R. N., Stanton, T. R., Moseley, G. L., & McAuley, J. H. (2023) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002978 · Cited by 41
Nociplastic Pain: A Critical Paradigm for Multidisciplinary Recognition and Management
Ablin, J. N. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13195741 · Cited by 45
“PRT, which focuses on retraining the brain to reinterpret pain signals, has shown promise in reducing the severity of nociplastic pain [56].”
Background
Management of Psychological Complications Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Silverberg, N. D., & Mikolić, A. (2023) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-023-01251-9 · Cited by 39
Non-pharmacological and non-surgical treatments for low back pain in adults: an overview of Cochrane reviews
Rizzo, R. R. N., Cashin, A. G., Wand, B. M., Ferraro, M. C., Sharma, S., Lee, H., O’Hagan, E. T., Maher, C. G., Furlan, A. D., van Tulder, M. W., et al. (2025) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd014691.pub2 · Cited by 54
Reconsidering Fordyce's classic article, “Pain and suffering: what is the unit?” to help make our model of chronic pain truly biopsychosocial
Sullivan, M. D., Sturgeon, J. A., Lumley, M. A., & Ballantyne, J. C. (2022) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002748 · Cited by 37
Self-citation
We Are All in This Together—Whole of Community Pain Science Education Campaigns to Promote Better Management of Persistent Pain
Ryan, C. G., Karran, E. L., Wallwork, S. B., Pate, J. W., O’Keeffe, M., Fullen, B. M., Livadas, N., Jones, N., Toumbourou, J. W., Gilchrist, P. N., et al. (2023) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2023.10.024 · Cited by 39
Opportunities for chronic pain self-management: core psychological principles and neurobiological underpinnings
Vase, L., Wager, T. D., & Eccleston, C. (2025) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(25)00404-0 · Cited by 42
Self-citation
Long-term effectiveness of non-surgical interventions for chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Jenkins, H. J., Corrêa, L. A., Brown, B. T., Ferreira, G. E., Nim, C. G., Aspinall, S. L., Wareham, D. M., Choi, J., Maher, C. G., & Hancock, M. J. (2025) · The Lancet Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/s2665-9913(25)00064-5 · Cited by 38
Improvements in Physical Function and Pain Interference and Changes in Mental Health Among Patients Seeking Musculoskeletal Care
Zhang, W., Singh, S. P., Clement, A., Calfee, R. P., Bijsterbosch, J. D., & Cheng, A. L. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.20520 · Cited by 31
Application of the grading system for “nociplastic pain” in chronic primary and chronic secondary pain conditions: a field study
Schmidt, H., Drusko, A., Renz, M. P., Schlömp, L., Tost, H., Schuh‐Hofer, S., Tesarz, J., Meyer‐Lindenberg, A., & Treede, R. (2024) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003355 · Cited by 40
“5,6,31,62,71 Future studies should distinguish between signs of top–down (cortical or brainstem) and bottom–up (spinal) types of central sensitization 58 and should not be restricted to chronic primary pain.”
Complex Persistent Opioid Dependence—an Opioid-induced Chronic Pain Syndrome
Manhapra, A. (2022) · Current Treatment Options in Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11864-022-00985-x · Cited by 31
Open-Label Placebo Injection for Chronic Back Pain With Functional Neuroimaging
Ashar, Y. K., Sun, M. M. C., Knight, K., Flood, T. F., Anderson, Z. G., Kaptchuk, T. J., & Wager, T. D. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.32427 · Cited by 33
Self-citation
Placebo analgesia in physical and psychological interventions: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of three‐armed trials
Hohenschurz‐Schmidt, D., Phalip, J., Chan, J., Gauhe, G., Soliman, N., Vollert, J., Lunde, S. J., & Vase, L. (2023) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.2205 · Cited by 32
“…immediately or within 4 weeks after the end of the treatment period (‘short term’), only seven sampled follow-up data 4–12 weeks later (‘medium term’) (Ashar et al., 2022; Chaibi et al., 2017; Ince et al., 2023; Loose et al., 2021; Moraska et al., 2017; Ozgul et al., 2023; Schmidt et al., 2011),…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Reattribution to Mind-Brain Processes and Recovery From Chronic Back Pain
Ashar, Y. K., Lumley, M. A., Perlis, R. H., Liston, C. M., Gunning, F. M., & Wager, T. D. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.33846 · Cited by 32
Self-citation
The effects of virtual reality neuroscience-based therapy on clinical and neuroimaging outcomes in patients with chronic back pain: a randomized clinical trial
Čeko, M., Baeuerle, T., Webster, L. R., Wager, T. D., & Lumley, M. A. (2024) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003198 · Cited by 28
“4,51,97 Consistent with these newer models, VRNT explicitly teaches participants about the reversibility of the central neuroplastic changes associated with pain chronifica-tion.”
InfluentialSelf-citation
Exercise for rotator cuff tendinopathy: Proposed mechanisms of recovery
Vila-Dieguez, O., Heindel, M. D., Awokuse, D., Kulig, K., & Michener, L. A. (2023) · Shoulder & Elbow · doi:10.1177/17585732231172166 · Cited by 29
Racism as a Source of Pain
Schubiner, H. H., Jackson, B. M., Molina, K. M., Sturgeon, J. A., Sealy-Jefferson, S. M., Lumley, M. A., Jolly, J., & Trost, Z. (2023) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-022-08015-0 · Cited by 31
“However, more innovative psychological approaches, 32,59,60 such as emotional awareness and expression therapy 32,60 and pain reprocessing therapy, 61 specifically target psychosocial trauma or factors that activate the pain danger alarm, and show promise for greater pain reduction.”
Self-citation
Is Chronic Pain a Disease?
Ballantyne, J. C., & Sullivan, M. D. (2022) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2022.05.001 · Cited by 25
“I don't have chronic back pain anymore”: Patient Experiences in Pain Reprocessing Therapy for Chronic Back Pain
Tankha, H., Lumley, M. A., Gordon, A., Schubiner, H. H., Uipi, C., Harris, J., Wager, T. D., & Ashar, Y. K. (2023) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2023.04.006 · Cited by 25
Self-citation
Clinical improvements due to specific effects and placebo effects in conservative interventions and changes observed with no treatment in randomized controlled trials of patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Pedersen, J. R., Strijkers, R., Gerger, H., Koes, B. W., & Chiarotto, A. (2024) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003151 · Cited by 24
Rehabilitation of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Patients With Long COVID: Position Statement
Sacks-Zimmerman, A. L., Bergquist, T. F., Farr, E. M., Cornwell, M. A., & Kanellopoulos, D. (2022) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2022.10.001 · Cited by 24
“participants assigned to pain reprocessing therapy (a form of CBT) had significantly improved sleep, as well as reduced disability, pain, depression, and anger, in comparison with matched controls assigned to a placebo condition.(41) Further, pain reprocessing therapy−related symptom improvements were associated with…”
BackgroundResult
“My Back is Fit for Movement”: A Qualitative Study Alongside a Randomized Controlled Trial for Chronic Low Back Pain
Rizzo, R. R. N., Wand, B. M., Leake, H. B., O’Hagan, E. T., Bagg, M. K., Bunzli, S., Traeger, A. C., Gustin, S. M., Moseley, G. L., Sharma, S., et al. (2022) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2022.12.009 · Cited by 32
ISSLS Prize in Bioengineering Science 2023: Age- and sex-related differences in lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration between patients with chronic low back pain and asymptomatic controls
Bonnheim, N. B., Lazar, A. A., Kumar, A., Akkaya, Z., Zhou, J., Guo, X., O’Neill, C. N., Link, T. M., Lotz, J. C., Krug, R., et al. (2023) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-023-07542-6 · Cited by 24
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Pain Management for Nonspecific Chronic Spinal Pain
Malfliet, A., Baets, L. D., Bilterys, T., Looveren, E. V., Maîresse, O., Cagnie, B. J., Meeus, M., Moens, M., Goubert, D., Munneke, W., et al. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.25856 · Cited by 26
The effect of mindfulness on the inflammatory, psychological and biomechanical domains of adult patients with low back pain: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Díez, G. G., Anitua, E., Castellanos, N. P., Vázquez, C., Galindo‐Villardón, P., & Alkhraisat, M. H. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276734 · Cited by 27
Adjunctive use of hypnosis for clinical pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Jones, H. G., Rizzo, R. R. N., Pulling, B. W., Braithwaite, F. A., Grant, A. R., McAuley, J. H., Jensen, M. P., Moseley, G. L., Rees, A., & Stanton, T. R. (2024) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000001185 · Cited by 21
Effects of open-label placebos across populations and outcomes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Fendel, J. C., Tiersch, C., Sölder, P., Gaab, J., & Schmidt, S. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-14895-z · Cited by 21
“Clinical trials investigated OLP effects on allergic rhinitis 39,41,47,57,84 , chronic low-back pain 27,33,81,85 , and major depressive disorder 48,87,99 .”
Application of a Clinical Approach to Diagnosing Primary Pain: Prevalence and Correlates of Primary Back and Neck Pain in a Community Physiatry Clinic
Schubiner, H. H., Lowry, W. J., Heule, M., Ashar, Y. K., Lim, M., Mekaru, S., Kitts, T., & Lumley, M. A. (2023) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2023.09.019 · Cited by 21
Self-citation
Exploring electroencephalographic chronic pain biomarkers: a mega-analysis
Bott, F. S., Zebhauser, P. T., Hohn, V. D., Turgut, Ö., May, E. S., Tiemann, L., Ávila, C. G., Heitmann, H., Nickel, M. M., Day, M. A., et al. (2025) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105955 · Cited by 29
Self-citation
Pain Reprocessing Therapy vs Placebo and Usual Care for Patients With Chronic Back Pain
Ashar, Y. K., Low, E. L., Knight, K., Schubiner, H. H., Gordon, A., Leroux, A., Lumley, M. A., & Wager, T. D. (2025) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.1844 · Cited by 18
Self-citation
A Systematic Review of Pain Catastrophizing and Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
Shimada, S., Doorenbos, A. Z., Goldstein, E., & Wi, D. (2025) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2025.07.014 · Cited by 18
“Finally, four studies (Ashar et al., 2022; Čeko et al., 2024; Day et al., 2020; Kong et al., 2020) evaluated the correlation between pain intensity and pain catastrophizing, but none reported significant correlations.”
A Scoping Review and Proposed Framework for Coping in Youth With a History of Psychological Trauma and Chronic Pain
Nelson, S., Agoston, M., Kovar-Gough, I., & Cunningham, N. R. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsab127 · Cited by 18
Breaking Barriers: Artificial Intelligence Interpreting the Interplay between Mental Illness and Pain as Defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain
Parolini, F. C. S., Goethel, M. F., Becker, K. M., Fernandes, C., Fernandes, R. J., Ervilha, U. F., Santos, R. S., & Vilas‐Boas, J. P. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11072042 · Cited by 19
“Conversely, chronic pain can also have a profound impact on mental well-being, leading to increased levels of psychological distress and impairment [6].”
Background
Nonpharmacological Spine Pain Management in Clinical Practice Guidelines: A Systematic Review Using AGREE II and AGREE-REX Tools
Lim, T. H., Mak, H. Y., Ngai, S. M. M., Man, Y. T., Tang, C. H., Wong, A. Y. L., Bussières, A., & Zoubi, F. A. (2024) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2024.12729 · Cited by 19
How does pain work? A qualitative analysis of how young adults with chronic pain conceptualize the biology of pain
Leake, H. B., Moseley, G. L., Murphy, L. K., Murray, C. B., Palermo, T. M., & Heathcote, L. C. (2022) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.2069 · Cited by 16
“Children (8– 12 years) with chronic pain describe pain not only in terms of injuries (Pate et al., 2019), but they also acknowledge that pain can be felt even after an injury heals (Ashar et al., 2021; Pate et al., 2020), although it is unclear if they apply that logic to their own pain condition.”
Background
“I wish I knew then what I know now” — pain science education concepts important for female persistent pelvic pain: a reflexive thematic analysis
Mardon, A. K., Chalmers, J., Heathcote, L. C., Curtis, L.-A., Freedman, L., Malani, R., Parker, R., Neumann, P., Moseley, G. L., & Leake, H. B. (2024) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003205 · Cited by 20
Pain Severity and Depressive Symptoms in Endometriosis Patients: Mediation of Negative Body Awareness and Interoceptive Self-Regulation
Spinoni, M., Porpora, M. G., Muzii, L., & Grano, C. (2024) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104640 · Cited by 19
Chronic pain in the elderly: Exploring cellular and molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives
García‐Domínguez, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2024.1477017 · Cited by 18
Enhancement of glymphatic function and cognition in chronic insomnia using low-frequency rTMS
Zhang, C., Zheng, Y., Jiang, G., Luo, J., Su, L., Ai, Y., Feng, C., Li, C., Li, S., & Hu, X. (2025) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaf083 · Cited by 15
From didactic explanations to co-design, sequential art and embodied learning: challenges, criticisms and future directions of patient pain education
Moseley, G. L., Mardon, A. K., Watson, J., BRAITHWAITE, F., Wilson, M. V., Barker, T., Lawrence, J., Sheppard, D. M., Reneman, M. F., Stinson, J., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2025.1536112 · Cited by 19
Research Trends of Moxibustion Therapy for Pain Treatment Over the Past Decade: A Bibliometric Analysis
Xia, Y., Sun, R., Li, R., Ren, L., Wang, Y., & Fang, J. (2022) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s374564 · Cited by 16
The role of evolving concepts and new technologies and approaches in advancing pain research, management, and education since the establishment of the International Association for the Study of Pain
Flor, H., Noguchi, K., Treede, R., & Turk, D. C. (2023) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003063 · Cited by 16
Practical approaches for clinicians in chronic pain management: Strategies and solutions
Sturgeon, J. A., Cooley, C., & Minhas, D. (2024) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/j.berh.2024.101934 · Cited by 21
The Efficacy and Effectiveness of Education for Preventing and Treating Non-Specific Low Back Pain in the Hispanic Cultural Setting: A Systematic Review
Kovacs, F. M., Burgos‐Alonso, N., Nogueras, A. M. M., & Seco‐Calvo, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19020825 · Cited by 18
“These results are generally consistent with those from studies conducted in other cultural settings [56,57].”
Result
Are Improvements in Pain Neurophysiology Knowledge Following Pain Science Education Associated With Improved Outcomes in People With Chronic Pain?
Ram, A., Booth, J., Thom, J. M., Gibbs, M. T., & Jones, M. D. (2022) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000001086 · Cited by 16
Expectancies and avoidance: Towards an integrated model of chronic somatic symptoms
Nadinda, P. G., van Laarhoven, A. I. M., Van den Bergh, O., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., Peters, M. L., & Evers, A. W. M. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105808 · Cited by 15
Gray Matter Abnormalities in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies
Yang, C., Yu, Z., Li, G., Li, C., & Li, C. (2024) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2024.01.138 · Cited by 16
Phenotyping Pain in Patients With Fibrous Dysplasia/McCune-Albright Syndrome
Golden, E., van der Heijden, H. C., Ren, B., Randall, E. T., Drubach, L. A., Shah, N. A., Cay, M., Ebb, D. H., Kaban, L. B., Peacock, Z. S., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad589 · Cited by 14
Dynamic processes of mindfulness-based alterations in pain perception
Chen, L., Moliadze, V., & Nees, F. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1253559 · Cited by 13
Individual Factors Modifying Postoperative Pain Management in Elective Total Hip and Total Knee Replacement Surgery
Jurewicz, A., Gąsiorowska, A., Leźnicka, K., Pawlak, M., Sochacka, M., Machoy‐Mokrzyńska, A., Bohatyrewicz, A., Maciejewska, A., & Pawlus, G. (2024) · Life · doi:10.3390/life14020211 · Cited by 14
“Psychological treatment aimed at changing patients’ beliefs about the causes and threat value of pain can lead to significant and lasting pain relief in people with chronic low back pain [57].”
Background
An overview of the non‐procedural treatment options for peripheral neuropathic pain
Zeldin, E. R., Goddard, A. R., Boyle, M. S., Madathil, R. L., Rosenvall, E., Majithia, K. A., & Morrison, E. (2024) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.28286 · Cited by 14
“93 Of note, PRT has been studied primarily in the treatment of back pain, though initial findings are promising.”
An exploration of knowledge‐organizing technologies to advance transdisciplinary back pain research
Lotz, J. C., Ropella, G. E. P., Anderson, P., Yang, Q., Hedderich, M. A., Bailey, J. F., & Hunt, C. A. (2023) · JOR Spine · doi:10.1002/jsp2.1300 · Cited by 13
Randomized controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of a multimodal mobile application for the treatment of chronic pain
Thomson, C. J., Pahl, H., & Giles, L. V. (2024) · Canadian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1080/24740527.2024.2352399 · Cited by 13
“Though not preplanned, we carried out exploratory correlation and mediation analyses to determine whether changes in pain catastrophizing contribute to any observed changes in pain severity and interference (informed by findings from Ashar et al. 13 )”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Alterations in functional connectivity in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain after motor control exercise: a randomized trial
Zhang, C., Zhang, Z., Li, Y., Yi, Y. I. N., Feng, C., Wenfeng, Z. H. A. N., Fu, R., Yu, Q., Jiang, G., & Wang, C. (2024) · European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.23736/s1973-9087.24.08087-0 · Cited by 14
“24, 27 for the primary clinical outcome, the percentage of participants with a pain-free or nearly pain-free state (VAS score ≤1) 24 was also calculated post-intervention and at the 6-month follow-up. the difference in percentage between groups was analyzed using the Chi-square or Fisher’s Exact…”
Psychophysiologic Symptom Relief Therapy for Post-Acute Sequelae of Coronavirus Disease 2019
Donnino, M. W., Howard, P., Mehta, S. M., Silverman, J. M., Cabrera, M. J., Yamin, J. B., Balaji, L., Berg, K. M., Heydrick, S. J., Edwards, R. R., et al. (2023) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings Innovations Quality & Outcomes · doi:10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2023.05.002 · Cited by 12
Counting your chickens before they hatch: improvements in an untreated chronic pain population, beyond regression to the mean and the placebo effect
Sean, M., Coulombe-Lévêque, A., Nadeau, W., Charest, A.-C., Martel, M., Léonard, G., & Tétreault, P. (2024) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000001157 · Cited by 11
“2,7,25 It is therefore possible that two questionnaires will show different RTM for the same subject over the same time period.”
Background
Endometriosis: patient–doctor communication and psychological counselling
Wischmann, T., & Ditzen, B. (2023) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-023-07292-2 · Cited by 11
Gray Matter Adaptations to Chronic Pain in People with Whiplash-Associated Disorders are Partially Reversed After Treatment: A Voxel-based Morphometry Study
Murillo, C., López‐Solà, M., Cagnie, B. J., Suñol, M., Smeets, R., Coppieters, I., Cnockaert, E., Meeus, M., & Timmers, I. (2024) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2024.01.336 · Cited by 12
Pain perception as hierarchical Bayesian inference: A test case for the theory of constructed emotion
Poublan‐Couzardot, A., & Talmi, D. (2024) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.15141 · Cited by 14
Systematic review and meta-analysis of conventional medical management in a patient population with refractory chronic pain suitable to receive a spinal cord stimulation system
Russo, M. A., Nevitt, S. J., Santarelli, D. M., Eldabe, S. S., & Duarte, R. V. (2025) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnaf004 · Cited by 12
Mind-body approaches for reducing the need for post-operative opioids: Evidence and opportunities
Pester, B., Edwards, R. R., Martel, M. O., Gilligan, C. J., & Meints, S. M. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Anesthesia and Intensive Care · doi:10.46439/anesthesia.3.016 · Cited by 9
“Recently published trials of mind-body treatments often utilize interventions that blend components from multiple therapeutic orientations, including CBT, ACT, Pain Neuroscience Education, and Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy (for example, see [57]).”
Background
Reducing opioid use for chronic non-cancer pain in primary care using an evidence-based, theory-informed, multistrategic, multistakeholder approach: a single-arm time series with segmented regression
Moffat, A. K., Apajee, J., Blanc, V. T. L., Westaway, K., Andrade, A. Q. D., Ramsay, E. N., Blacker, N., Pratt, N. L., & Roughead, E. E. (2023) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2022-015716 · Cited by 10
Cognitive, behavioral, and psychological phenotypes in small fiber neuropathy: A case–control study
Telesca, A., Soldini, E., Devigili, G., Cazzato, D., Bella, E. D., Grazzi, L., Usai, S., Lauria, G., & Consonni, M. (2024) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2024.01.012 · Cited by 10
Interstitial cystitis—an imbalance of risk and protective factors?
Westropp, J. L., Stella, J. L., & Buffington, C. A. T. (2024) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2024.1405488 · Cited by 11
Value-based digital health: A systematic literature review of the value elements of digital health care
Merino, M., del Barrio, J., Nuño-Solínis, R., & Rodríguez, M. E. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241277438 · Cited by 16
Psychological Support for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review on the Validity of a Growing Remote Approach
Anselmo, A., Pagano, M. C., Cappadona, I., Cardile, D., Calabrò, R. S., & Corallo, F. (2025) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-024-01340-5 · Cited by 12
“In Class We Were All One.” A Qualitative Exploration of Yoga and Educational Interventions for Predominantly Low-Income and Minority Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain
Joyce, C. T., Kelly, K. C., Gurnani, S. D., Sherman, K. J., Roseen, E. J., & Saper, R. B. (2022) · Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/jicm.2022.0557 · Cited by 12
Localizing somatic symptoms associated with childhood maltreatment
Dutcher, E. G., Verosky, S. C., Mendes, W. B., & Mayer, S. E. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2318128121 · Cited by 9
“For example, psychotherapeutic approaches such as pain reprocessing therapy, which emphasizes reappraisal of primary chronic back pain as due to benign central nervous processes, may be useful (57).”
Background
Chronic Pain in Older Adults: A Neuroscience-Based Psychological Assessment and Treatment Approach
Yarns, B. C., Zhu, T. A., & Jazi, A. N. (2022) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2022.07.009 · Cited by 9
Remote cognitive behavioral therapy utilizing an in-home virtual reality toolkit (Vx Therapy) reduces pain, anxiety, and depression in patients with chronic cervical and lumbar spondylytic pain: A potential alternative to opioids in multimodal pain management
McGirt, M. J., Holland, C. M., Farber, S. H., Zuckerman, S. L., Spertus, M. S., Theodore, N., Pfortmiller, D. T., & Stanley, G. (2023) · North American Spine Society Journal (NASSJ) · doi:10.1016/j.xnsj.2023.100287 · Cited by 12
What are the benefits of cultivating self-compassion in adults with low back pain? A systematic review
Ballejos, K. G., Calvetti, P. Ü., Schaab, B. L., & Reppold, C. T. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1270287 · Cited by 9
“Previous studies suggested that self-compassion may contribute to the reduction of anger, helplessness, catastrophizing, anxiety, fear, increased acceptance, and changes pain beliefs in individuals with low back pain (Sirois et al., 2015; Torrijos-Zarcero et al., 2021; Ashar et al., 2022).”
Background
Mind over chronic pain: A meta-analysis of cognitive restructuring in chronically ill adults
Pintea, S., & Maier, P. (2024) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111837 · Cited by 8
Hacking the Predictive Mind
Clark, A. (2024) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e26080677 · Cited by 10
“There is some solid emerging evidence (in the form of randomized clinical trials) for the efficacy of PRT [60,61].”
Background
A Computational Framework for Understanding the Impact of Prior Experiences on Pain Perception and Neuropathic Pain
Ramne, M., & Sensinger, J. W. (2024) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012097 · Cited by 7
Brain functional changes following electroacupuncture in a mouse model of comorbid pain and depression: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Yin, X., Zeng, X., Lin, J., Xu, W., Cui, K.-Y., Guo, X., Li, W., & Xu, S. (2025) · Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.joim.2025.01.006 · Cited by 8
Key aspects concerning the role of emotion in the chronic pain experience
Boersma, K., & Flink, I. K. (2025) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2025.102000 · Cited by 11
Multi-network dynamical structure of the human brain in the setting of chronic pain: a coordinate-based meta-analysis
Dhanaraj, V., Rolfe, N. W., Dadario, N. B., Dhaliwal, J. K., Samuel, N., Hormovas, J., Young, I. M., Odonkor, C. A., Yeung, J. T., Teo, C., et al. (2025) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaf343 · Cited by 9
Video telehealth emotional awareness and expression therapy for older U.S. military veterans with chronic pain: A pilot study
Yarns, B. C., Molaie, A. M., Lumley, M. A., Zhu, T. A., Jazi, A. N., Ganz, D. A., & Melrose, R. J. (2022) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2022.2159909 · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Noziplastischer Schmerz in Forschung und Praxis
Schmidt, H., & Blechschmidt, V. (2023) · Der Schmerz · doi:10.1007/s00482-023-00734-5 · Cited by 9
Group eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in chronic pain patients
Vock, S., Delker, A., Rinderknecht, J., Engel, F., Wieland, S., Beiner, E., Friederich, H., Jarero, I., Seidler, G. H., & Tesarz, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1264807 · Cited by 8
A systematic review and meta analysis of open label placebo effects in chronic musculoskeletal pain
Borg, F., Gedin, F., Franzén, E., & Grooten, W. J. A. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-09415-y · Cited by 7
Brief pain reprocessing therapy for fibromyalgia: a feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy pilot
Sturgeon, J. A., Trost, Z., Ashar, Y. K., Lumley, M. A., Schubiner, H. H., Clauw, D. J., & Hassett, A. L. (2025) · Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine · doi:10.1136/rapm-2025-107076 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Dynamic segmental kinematics of the lumbar spine during diagnostic movements
McMullin, P., Emmett, D., Gibbons, A., Clingo, K. A., Higbee, P., Sykes, A., Fullwood, D. T., Mitchell, U. H., & Bowden, A. E. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1209472 · Cited by 7
“The widespread adoption of the biopsychosocial model of cLBP has supported nonmechanical diagnostic and treatment advancements, but even the best results of psychotherapies show effectiveness in only up to 50% of subjects with nonspecific cLBP (Ashar et al., 2022).”
Background
Enhancing chronic low back pain management: an initial neuroimaging study of a mobile interoceptive attention training
Strigo, I. A., Guerra, S. G., Torrisi, S., Murphy, E., Toor, T., Goldman, V. M., Alter, B. J., Vu, A. T., Hecht, R., Lotz, J. C., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2024.1408027 · Cited by 7

Authors: Ashar, Y. K., Gordon, A., Schubiner, H., Uipi, C., Knight, K., Anderson, Z., Carlisle, J., Polisky, L., Geuter, S., Flood, T. F., Kragel, P. A., Dimidjian, S., Lumley, M. A., & Wager, T. D.
Affiliations: University of Colorado Boulder (US)
Pain Psychology Center, Los Angeles, California
Ascension Providence Hospital (US)
Panorama Orthopedics and Spine Center, Golden, Colorado
Northwestern University (US)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Emory University (US)
Wayne State University (US)
Dartmouth College (US)
Corresponding author: Ashar, Yoni K.
Wager, Tor D.
ORCID: Ashar, Yoni K.
Schubiner, Howard
Uipi, Christie
Anderson, Zachary
Carlisle, Judith
Geuter, Stephan
Flood, Thomas F.
Kragel, Philip A.
Dimidjian, Sona
Lumley, Mark A.
Wager, Tor D.
Venue: JAMA Psychiatry
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2022-01-01
Volume: 79
Issue: 1
Pages: 13
ISSN: 2168-622X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2669
PMC: PMC8482298
OpenAlex: W3204387157
Cited by: 331
References: 82
Citations by year: 2026: 87 · 2025: 80 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 32
FWCI: 23.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: JAMA Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
National Institutes of Health (TL1TR002386)
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH076136)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA035484)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
Keywords: chronic back pain, pain beliefs, fear avoidance, placebo effect, psychological intervention, telemedicine, evoked pain, resting-state functional connectivity, therapeutic mechanisms, pain intensity, disability, treatment durability, fear-avoidance beliefs, pain catastrophizing, pain-related guilt, pain-related shame, pain-related hopelessness
MeSH terms: Adult, Back Pain, Disability Evaluation, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain, Treatment Outcome, Pain Management

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Effect of Pain Reprocessing Therapy vs Placebo and Usual Care for Patients With Chronic Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Figures

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks