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Cited by 460Bullying, Victimization, and AggressionWorkplace Violence and BullyingChild Abuse and Trauma

Physical, verbal, and relational forms of bullying among German students: Age trends, gender differences, and correlates.

Scheithauer, Herbert, Hayer, Tobias, Petermann, Franz, Jugert, Gert·2006·Aggressive Behavior
DOI 10.1002/ab.20128
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Abstract

A revised version of the Bully/Victim Questionnaire [Olweus, 1991] was given to 2,086 fifth–tenth grader students from schools in two German federal states. The results were analysed in terms of frequencies of self-reports of different forms of bullying (physical, verbal, relational/indirect; for bullies and for victims), gender and grade differences. Overall, 12.1% of the students reported bullying others and 11.1% reported being bullied (victimisation). We classified 2.3% of the students as bully/victims due to their self-report. Significantly more boys reported bullying others, regardless of bullying form, and significantly more boys than girls were classified as bully/victims. Although there was no gender difference for victimisation at all, boys reported significantly more often than girls being bullied physically. Besides, self-reports of pure and overlapping forms of bullying behaviour (relational, verbal, physical) were analysed. With regard to age trends, students from middle grades reported the highest rates of bullying. Self-reported rates of victimisation were higher for younger students, regardless of form of victimisation. Furthermore, class size was not linked to reports of bullying and victimisation. Results from logistic regression analyses emphasised that the variables “gender” and “grade” add significantly to the prediction of self-reported bullying; “grade” and variables measuring impaired psychosocial “well-being” of students at school (e.g., feeling of not being popular, negative attitude towards breaks) add significantly to the prediction of self-reported victimisation. The results are discussed against the background of other study findings, accentuating the significance of gender- and age-specific forms of bullying/victimisation. Aggr. Behav. 32:1–15, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Authors
Scheithauer, H., Hayer, T., Petermann, F., & Jugert, G.
Affiliations
  • Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
  • University of Bremen (DE)
Corresponding author
Scheithauer, Herbert
ORCID
Venue
Aggressive Behavior
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2006
Volume
32
Issue
3
Pages
261-275
ISSN
  • 0096-140X (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-2337
DOI
10.1002/ab.20128
OpenAlex
W2117804261
Cited by
460
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 29
FWCI
20.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 3530 d)
Locations
Aggressive Behavior (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Workplace Violence and Bullying
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Keywords
bullying, victimization, bully-victims, physical bullying, verbal bullying, relational bullying, indirect bullying, gender differences, age differences, junior high school students, psychosocial well-being, social rejection, class size, German students

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