A Self‐Powered, Rechargeable, and Wearable Hydrogel Patch for Wireless Gas Detection with Extraordinary Performance
Open accessAbstract
Flexible gas sensors play an indispensable role in diverse applications spanning from environmental monitoring to portable medical electronics. Full wearable gas monitoring system requires the collaborative support of high‐performance sensors and miniaturized circuit module, whereas the realization of low power consumption and sustainable measurement is challenging. Here, a self‐powered and reusable all‐in‐one NO 2 sensor is proposed by structurally and functionally coupling the sensor to the battery, with ultrahigh sensitivity (1.92%/ppb), linearity ( R 2 = 0.999), ultralow theoretical detection limit (0.1 ppb), and humidity immunity. This can be attributed to the regulation of the gas reaction route at the molecular level. The addition of amphiphilic zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate (Zn(OTf) 2 ) enables the H 2 O‐poor inner Helmholtz layer to be constructed at the electrode–gel interface, thereby facilitating the direct charge transfer process of NO 2 here. The device is then combined with a well‐designed miniaturized low‐power circuit module with signal conditioning, processing and wireless transmission functions, which can be used as wearable electronics to realize early and remote warning of gas leakage. This study demonstrates a promising way to design a self‐powered, sustainable, and flexible gas sensor with high performance and its corresponding wireless sensing system, providing new insight into the all‐in‐one system of gas detection.
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The sensor has ultra-high sensitivity (1.92% ppb−1), very low theoretical LOD (0.1 ppb) and excellent NO2 selectivity.
“The sensor has ultra-high sensitivity (1.92% ppb−1), very low theoretical LOD (0.1 ppb) and excellent NO2 selectivity.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as [214]
The sensor works even in complex environments such as stretching, bending, sub-zero, and high humidity.
“It works even in complex environments such as stretching, bending, sub-zero, and high humidity environment.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as [214]
The authors assembled the sensor with miniaturized circuit modules and successfully built a self-powered integrated wireless NO2 monitoring system for real-time and remote gas detection.
“The authors also assembled it with miniaturized circuit modules, as shown in the Fig. 8g, and successfully built a self-powered integrated wireless NO2 monitoring system for real-time and remote gas detection.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as [214]
Wu et al. [214] constructed a self-powered flexible NO2 sensor using the structure of Zn(OTf)2/PAM hydrogel-Carbon.
“Wu et al. [214] constructed a novel self-powered flexible NO2 sensor using the structure of Zn-zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate (Zn(OTf)2)/PAM hydrogel-Carbon, as demonstrated in Fig. 8f.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as [214]
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Fluorophor Embedded MOFs Steering Gas Ultra‐Recognition
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Advances in gas sensors using screen printing
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Rationally designed cellulose hydrogel for an ultrasensitive pressure sensor
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Ionic Hydrogel Sensors toward Next‐Gen Personalized Healthcare
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Low Power Gas Sensors: From Structure to Application
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Hydrogel-Based Continuum Soft Robots
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Self-citationA highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensor for lip-reading extraction and speech recognition
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Sweat‐powered, skin‐adhesive multimodal sensor for long‐term and real‐time sweat monitoring
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Innovations in self-powered sensors utilizing light, thermal, and mechanical renewable energy
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Self-powered wearable sensing devices for digital health
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Conductive Hydrogels: Bioelectronics and Environmental Applications
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Self-citationSweat-resistant bioelectronic skin sensor
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An Ultra‐Selective and Humidity‐Resistant Room‐Temperature‐Operated NO 2 Sensor Based on Black TiO 2
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A Soft, Adhesive Self‐Healing Naked‐Eye Strain/Stress Visualization Patch
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Self-citationProgress and perspectives of self-powered gas sensors
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Micropyramidal Flexible Ion Gel Sensor for Multianalyte Discrimination and Strain Compensation
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Self-citationMaterials, structure design, performances of multifunctional flexible devices for healthcare
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Towards energy-autonomous wearables: Multimodal harvesting technologies and sustainable applications
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Self-citationA Fully Printable Strain Sensor Enabling Highly‐Sensitive Wireless Near‐Field Interrogation
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Two-dimensional Group III-VI Materials for Gas Sensors
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Low-Temperature-Tolerant Strain-Sensing Flexible Composite for Soft Body Armor
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Intelligent Gas Sensors: From Mechanism to Applications
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Thermoelectric hydrogels for self-powered wearable biosensing
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Self-citationIonic hydrogels-based triboelectric nanogenerators for self-powered human–machine interfaces
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Hydrogel‐Based Capacitive Sensor Model for Ammonium Monitoring in Aquaculture
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From materials to applications: a review of research on artificial olfactory memory
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Hydrogel fabrication techniques for advanced artificial sensory systems
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- Authors
- Wu, Z., Wang, H., Ding, Q., Tao, K., Shi, W., Liu, C., Chen, J., & Wu, J.
- Affiliations
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Northwestern Polytechnical University (CN)
- Tianjin University of Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wu, Jin
- Venue
- Advanced Functional Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-02-17
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 21
- ISSN
- 1616-301X (ISSN-L)
- 1616-3028
- OpenAlex
- W4321327816
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 30
- FWCI
- 12.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Advanced Functional Materials (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (22lgqb17)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (61801525)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Keywords
- flexible gas sensors, NO2 gas sensing, hydrogel patch, self-powered sensing, rechargeable batteries, wearable electronics, zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate, inner Helmholtz layer
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