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Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel, from Standardization, Performance, to Biomedical Application
Abstract
Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), a photocurable hydrogel, is widely used in 3D culture, particularly in 3D bioprinting, due to its high biocompatibility, tunable physicochemical properties, and excellent formability. However, as the properties and performances of GelMA vary under different synthetic conditions, there is a lack of standardization, leading to conflicting results. In this study, a uniform standard is established to understand and enhance GelMA applications. First, the basic concept of GelMA and the density of the molecular network (DMN) are defined. Second, two properties, degrees of substitution and ratio of solid content, as the main measurable parameters determining the DMN are used. Third, the mechanisms and relationships between DMN and its performance in various applications in terms of porosity, viscosity, formability, mechanical strength, swelling, biodegradation, and cytocompatibility are theoretically explained. The main questions that are answered: what does performance mean, why is it important, how to optimize the basic parameters to improve the performance, and how to characterize it reasonably and accurately? Finally, it is hoped that this knowledge will eliminate the need for researchers to conduct tedious and repetitive pre-experiments, enable easy communication for achievements between groups under the same standard, and fully explore the potential of the GelMA hydrogel.
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“GelMA, a widely utilized hydrogel material, features a three-dimensional architecture that facilitates cell growth and differentiation [56].”
From Hydrogel scaffold encapsulating MSC-Exos and ZIF-8 promotes bone regeneration via coordinating osteogenesis and immunomodulation (2025) · cites this paper as [56]
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Metadata
- Authors
- He, J., Sun, Y., Gao, Q., He, C., Yao, K., Wang, T., Xie, M., Yu, K., Nie, J., Chen, Y., & He, Y.
- Affiliations
- State Key Laboratory Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems (CN)
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (CN)
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (CN)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- Corresponding author
- He, Yong
- Venue
- Advanced Healthcare Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-05-15
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- e2300395-e2300395
- ISSN
- 2192-2640 (ISSN-L)
- 2192-2659
- OpenAlex
- W4367310714
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 137
- Citations by year
- 2026: 90 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 16
- FWCI
- 23.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advanced Healthcare Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0703000)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (52235007, U1909218)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Collagen: Extraction and Characterization
- Keywords
- gelatin methacryloyl, photocurable hydrogel, degree of substitution, porosity, viscosity, formability, mechanical strength, swelling, biodegradation, cytocompatibility, 3D bioprinting, 3D cell culture
- MeSH terms
- Gelatin, Methacrylates, Reference Standards, Hydrogels, Tissue Engineering
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