“Everybody in the world is my friend” hypersociability in young children with Williams syndrome
Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder involving a characteristic cardiac defect, typical facial appearance, and an uneven profile of cognitive strengths and weaknesses. WS is caused by a hemizygous deletion in chromosome band 7q11.23, including the gene for elastin (ELN). Typically, individuals with WS seem driven to greet and interact with strangers. The goal of the present study was to investigate age‐related changes in the expression of hypersociability in WS. Parents of 64 children with WS, 31 children with Down syndrome (DS), and 27 normal controls (NC) provided data concerning specific aspects of their children's social behavior using the Salk Institute Sociability Questionnaire (SISQ). Children ranged in age from 1 year, 1 month to 12 years, 10 months. Consistent with earlier findings, whole group analyses showed the WS group to be significantly higher on all aspects of sociability studied. Comparisons among the groups at different ages revealed that hypersociability is evident even among very young children with WS, and, significantly, children with WS exceed children with DS with respect to Global Sociability and Approach Strangers in every age group. The findings from children who have the typical deletion for WS are contrasted with data obtained from a young child with WS who has a smaller deletion and many physical features of WS, but who does not demonstrate hypersociability, providing intriguing clues to a genetic basis of social behavior in this syndrome. These data suggest the involvement of a genetic predisposition in the expression of hypersociability in WS. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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There are currently three models of social function in WS: heightened drive towards non-specific social interaction, heightened emotional responsiveness, and social fearlessness.
“There are currently three models of social function in WS: 1) heightened drive towards non-specific social interaction (for example, social interactions with strangers) [686,687], 2) heightened emotional responsiveness [685], and 3) social fearlessness [688].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [686]
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Binelli, C., Muñiz, A., Subirà, S., Navinés, R., Blanco‐Hinojo, L., Pérez-García, D., Crippa, J. A. S., Farré, M., Jurado, L. A. P., Pujol, J., et al. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.140384 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Ortiz‐Romero, P., Borralleras, C., Bosch-Morató, M., Guivernau, B., Albericio, G., Muñoz, F. J., Jurado, L. A. P., & Campuzano, V. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194476 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Evaluation of a stranger safety training programme for adults with W illiams syndrome
Fisher, M. H. (2013) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/jir.12108 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Face‐to‐face interference in typical and atypical development
Riby, D. M., Doherty‐Sneddon, G., & Whittle, L. (2011) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01125.x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Swartz, J. R., Waller, R. E., Bogdan, R., Knodt, A. R., Sabhlok, A., Hyde, L. W., & Hariri, A. R. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.12.007 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
White matter integrity deficits in prefrontal–amygdala pathways in Williams syndrome
Avery, S. N., Thornton‐Wells, T. A., Anderson, A. W., & Blackford, J. U. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.09.065 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Heald, M., Allen, D., Villa, D., & Oliver, C. (2013) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2013.02.012 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
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Sparaci, L., Stefanini, S., D’Elia, L., Vicari, S., & Rizzolatti, G. (2014) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1370 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Gaze aversion during social style interactions in autism spectrum disorder and Williams syndrome
Doherty‐Sneddon, G., Whittle, L., & Riby, D. M. (2012) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.09.022 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Ng, R., Järvinen, A. M., & Bellugi, U. (2014) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.04.015 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationKopp, N., McCullough, K. B., Maloney, S. E., & Dougherty, J. D. (2019) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddz176 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Järvinen‐Pasley, A., Vines, B. W., Hill, K. J., Yam, A., Grichanik, M., Mills, D. L., Reiss, A. L., Korenberg, J. R., & Bellugi, U. (2009) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.10.003 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationDifferences in Social Motivation in Children with Smith–Magenis Syndrome and Down Syndrome
Wilde, L., Mitchell, A., & Oliver, C. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2743-3 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Acquired Extroversion Associated With Bitemporal Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia
Mendez, M. F., Chen, A. K., Shapira, J. S., Lu, P.-H., & Miller, B. L. (2006) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.18.1.100 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The Williams Syndrome Social Phenotype
Thurman, A. J., & Fisher, M. H. (2015) · International review of research in developmental disabilities · doi:10.1016/bs.irrdd.2015.06.002 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Understanding motor acts and motor intentions in Williams syndrome
Sparaci, L., Stefanini, S., Marotta, L., Vicari, S., & Rizzolatti, G. (2012) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.03.019 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Williams syndrome-specific neuroanatomical profile and its associations with behavioral features
Fan, C. C., Brown, T. T., Bartsch, H., Kuperman, J. M., Hagler, D. J., Schork, A. J., Searcy, Y. M., Bellugi, U., Halgren, E., & Dale, A. M. (2017) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.05.011 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationHyperactive Auditory Efferent System and Lack of Acoustic Reflexes in Williams Syndrome
Attias, J., Raveh, E., Ben-Naftali, N. F., Zarchi, O., & Gothelf, D. (2008) · Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1515/jbcpp.2008.19.3-4.193 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Receptive prosody in adolescents and adults with Williams syndrome
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The Relationship between Anxiety and the Social Judgements of Approachability And Trustworthiness
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Skwerer, D. P., Ammerman, E., André, M., Ciciolla, L. M., Fine, A. B., & Tager-Flusberg, H. B. (2011) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11689-011-9100-9 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Beyond Behaviour: Is Social Anxiety Low in Williams Syndrome?
Dodd, H. F., Schniering, C. A., & Porter, M. A. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0806-4 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Narratives in Children with Williams Syndrome: A Cross Linguistic Perspective
Reilly, J. S., Bernicot, J., Vicari, S., Lacroix, A., & Bellugi, U. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-4020-7911-7_22 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationLanguage and sociability: insights from Williams syndrome
Fishman, I., Yam, A., Bellugi, U., & Mills, D. L. (2011) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11689-011-9086-3 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationLe syndrome de Williams-Beuren : une approche pluridisciplinaire
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The Psychology of Decision Making
Hickson, L., & Khemka, I. (2014) · International review of research in developmental disabilities · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800278-0.00006-3 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Doyle, T. F., Bellugi, U., Korenberg, J. R., & Graham, J.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Doyle, Teresa F.
- Venue
- American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-08-13
- Volume
- 124A
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 263-273
- ISSN
- 1552-4825 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-4833
- OpenAlex
- W2080309563
- Cited by
- 296
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 2.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1p01dc001289-01)
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (P01 DC01289)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P50 NS 22343, P50NS022343)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01 HD 33113, P01HD033113)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Williams Syndrome Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- Williams syndrome, hypersociability, social behavior, Down syndrome, age-related changes, chromosome 7q11.23 deletion, elastin gene
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Analysis of Variance, Child, Child, Preschool, Chromosome Deletion, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7, Down Syndrome, Elastin, Family Health, Female, Genotype, Humans, Infant, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Behavior, Williams Syndrome
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