Cited by 267Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderCognitive Abilities and TestingAutism Spectrum Disorder Research

Co‐occurrence of ADHD and low IQ has genetic origins

Kuntsi, J., Eley, T.C., Taylor, A., Hughes, C., Asherson, P., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E.·2004·American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics

Abstract

Previous studies show that the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and lower intelligence quotient (IQ) covary in children. We investigated the aetiology of this association in a large population‐based sample of 5‐year‐old twins. The twins were individually assessed on an IQ test, and data on ADHD symptoms were obtained from mother interviews and teacher ratings. Confirming previous studies, the phenotypic correlation between ADHD symptom scores and IQ was −0.3 and, in a categorical analysis, children with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐IV) ADHD research diagnosis obtained IQ scores nine points lower, on average, than comparison children. We show here that the co‐occurrence of ADHD and lower IQ has genetic origins: 86% of the association between ADHD symptom scores and IQ, and 100% of the association between ADHD diagnosis and IQ, was accounted for by genetic influences that are shared by ADHD and IQ. Some candidate genes for ADHD could also contribute to variation in IQ or vice versa. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Crossref · 10.1002/ajmg.b.20076

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Authors
Kuntsi, J., Eley, T. C., Taylor, A., Hughes, C., Asherson, P., Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E.
Affiliations
  • King's College London (GB)
  • University of Cambridge (GB)
Corresponding author
Moffitt, T.E.
Venue
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2003-07-28
Volume
124B
Issue
1
Pages
41-47
ISSN
  • 1552-4841 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-485X
OpenAlex
W2114627345
Cited by
267
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 19
FWCI
4.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Royal Society
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Keywords
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, low IQ, intelligence quotient, genetic correlation, heritability, twin studies, shared genetic influences, ADHD symptoms, candidate genes
MeSH terms
Analysis of Variance, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Intelligence Tests, Male, Models, Genetic, Phenotype, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic

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