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American College of Rheumatology Clinical Guidance for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With SARS–CoV‐2 and Hyperinflammation in Pediatric COVID‐19: Version 1
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To provide guidance on the management of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C), a condition characterized by fever, inflammation, and multiorgan dysfunction that manifests late in the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS–CoV‐2) infection, and to provide recommendations for children with hyperinflammation during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), the acute, infectious phase of SARS–CoV‐2 infection. Methods: A multidisciplinary task force was convened by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) to provide guidance on the management of MIS‐C associated with SARS–CoV‐2 and hyperinflammation in COVID‐19. The task force was composed of 9 pediatric rheumatologists, 2 adult rheumatologists, 2 pediatric cardiologists, 2 pediatric infectious disease specialists, and 1 pediatric critical care physician. Preliminary statements addressing clinical questions related to MIS‐C and hyperinflammation in COVID‐19 were developed based on evidence reports. Consensus was built through a modified Delphi process that involved 2 rounds of anonymous voting and 2 webinars. A 9‐point scale was used to determine the appropriateness of each statement (median scores of 1–3 for inappropriate, 4–6 for uncertain, and 7–9 for appropriate), and consensus was rated as low, moderate, or high based on dispersion of the votes along the numeric scale. Approved guidance statements were those that were classified as appropriate with moderate or high levels of consensus, as prespecified prior to voting. Results: The ACR task force approved a total of 128 guidance statements addressing the management of MIS‐C and hyperinflammation in pediatric COVID‐19. These statements were refined into 40 final clinical guidance statements, accompanied by a flow diagram depicting the diagnostic pathway for MIS‐C. Conclusion: Our understanding of SARS–CoV‐2–related syndromes in the pediatric population continues to evolve. The guidance provided in this “living document” reflects currently available evidence, coupled with expert opinion, and will be revised as further evidence becomes available.
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Goland, S., Czer, L. S. C., Siegel, R. J., Tabak, S. W., Jordan, S. C., Luthringer, D., Mirocha, J., Coleman, B. L., Kass, R. M., & Trento, A. (2008) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0828-282x(08)70638-x · Cited by 88
Zhou, B., She, J., Wang, Y., & Ma, X. (2020) · Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis · doi:10.1007/s11239-020-02084-w · Cited by 88
Use of anakinra in severe COVID-19: A case report
Filocamo, G., Mangioni, D., Tagliabue, P. F., Aliberti, S., Costantino, G., Minoia, F., & Bandera, A. (2020) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.026 · Cited by 69
Corticosteroid exposure in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome
Yehya, N., Servaes, S. E., Thomas, N. J., Nadkarni, V., & Srinivasan, V. (2015) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-015-3953-4 · Cited by 68
Seam, N., Meduri, G. U., Wang, H., Nylén, E., Sun, J., Schultz, M. J., Tropea, M., & Suffredini, A. F. (2011) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e318232da5e · Cited by 54
Yen, C.-Y., Hung, M.-C., Wong, Y., Chang, C., Lai, C.-C., & Wu, K. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46888-0 · Cited by 52
Franzetti, M., Pozzetti, U., Carugati, M., Pandolfo, A., Molteni, C., Faccioli, P., Castaldo, G., Longoni, E., Ormas, V., Iemoli, E., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.050 · Cited by 45
Aristizábal-Torres, D., Meneses, C. A. P., & Rodríguez, A. M. B. (2020) · Cited by 19
Melendez, E., Whitney, J. E., Norton, J. S., et al. (2018) · Pediatric Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/pcc.0000000000001777 · Cited by 8
Cited by
Nalbandian, A., Sehgal, K., Gupta, A., Madhavan, M. V., McGroder, C., Stevens, J. S., Cook, J. R., Nordvig, A. S., Shalev, D., Sehrawat, T. S., et al. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01283-z · Cited by 4,862
Feldstein, L. R., Tenforde, M. W., Friedman, K. G., Newhams, M., Rose, E. B., Dapul, H., Soma, V. L., Maddux, A. B., Mourani, P. M., Bowens, C., et al. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.2091 · Cited by 817
Self-citationMorris, S. B., Schwartz, N. G., Patel, P., Abbo, L., Beauchamps, L., Balan, S., Lee, E. H., Paneth-Pollak, R., Geevarughese, A., Lash, M. K., et al. (2020) · MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6940e1 · Cited by 523
Harwood, R., Allin, B., Jones, C. E., Whittaker, E., Ramnarayan, P., Ramanan, A. V., Kaleem, M., Tulloh, R., Peters, M. J., Almond, S., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30304-7 · Cited by 336
Metadata
- Authors
- Henderson, L. A., Canna, S. W., Friedman, K. G., Gorelik, M., Lapidus, S. K., Bassiri, H., Behrens, E. M., Ferris, A., Kernan, K. F., Schulert, G. S., Seo, P., F. Son, M. B., Tremoulet, A. H., Yeung, R. S. M., Mudano, A. S., Turner, A. S., Karp, D. R., & Mehta, J. J.
- Venue
- Arthritis & Rheumatology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-10-03
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1791-1805
- ISSN
- 2326-5191 (ISSN-L)
- 2326-5205
- OpenAlex
- W3043952641
- Cited by
- 531
- References
- 90
- FWCI
- 94.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.