Nitrite reduction: a ubiquitous function from a pre-aerobic past
Abstract
In eukaryotes, small amounts of nitrite confer cytoprotection against ischemia/reperfusion-related tissue damage in vivo, possibly via reduction to nitric oxide (NO) and inhibition of mitochondrial function. Several hemeproteins are involved in this protective mechanism, starting with deoxyhemoglobin, which is capable of reducing nitrite. In facultative aerobic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, nitrite is reduced to NO by specialized heme-containing enzymes called cd(1) nitrite reductases. The details of their catalytic mechanism are summarized below, together with a hypothesis on the biological role of the unusual d(1)-heme, which, in the reduced state, shows unique properties (very high affinity for nitrite and exceptionally fast dissociation of NO). Our results support the idea that the nitrite-based reactions of contemporary eukaryotes are a vestige of earlier bacterial biochemical pathways. The evidence that nitrite reductase activities of enzymes with different cellular roles and biochemical features still exist today highlights the importance of nitrite in cellular homeostasis.
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Eukaryotic cells employ enzymatic nitrite reduction.
“While it has been well known that prokaryotes contain numerous nitrite/nitrate reductases, the confirmation that eukaryotic cells employ enzymatic nitrite reduction has only recently become clear [129].”
From Inorganic nitrite therapy: historical perspective and future directions (2011) · cites this paper as [129]
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Maia, L. B., & Moura, J. J. G. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr400518y · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Inorganic nitrite therapy: historical perspective and future directions
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- Authors
- Cutruzzolà, F., Rinaldo, S., Castiglione, N., Giardina, G., Pecht, I., & Brunori, M.
- Affiliations
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Weizmann Institute of Science (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Cutruzzolà, Francesca
- Venue
- BioEssays
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-07-16
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 885-891
- ISSN
- 0265-9247 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-1878
- OpenAlex
- W2017543986
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2017: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- BioEssays (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Hemoglobin structure and function
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Metal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Metalloenzymes and iron-sulfur proteins
- Keywords
- nitrite reduction, nitric oxide, deoxyhemoglobin, mitochondrial function, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, catalytic mechanism
- MeSH terms
- Aerobiosis, Bacteria, Eukaryotic Cells, Nitric Oxide, Nitrites, Oxidation-Reduction
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