Frontal cortex subdivision patterning is coordinately regulated by Fgf8, Fgf17, and Emx2
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The frontal cortex (FC) plays a major role in cognition, movement and behavior. However, little is known about the genetic mechanisms that govern its development. We recently described a panel of gene expression markers that delineate neonatal FC subdivisions and identified FC regionalization defects in Fgf17–/– mutant mice (Cholfin and Rubenstein [2007] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. [in press]). In the present study, we applied this FC gene expression panel to examine regionalization phenotypes in Fgf8neo/neo, Emx2–/–, and Emx2–/–;Fgf17–/– newborn mice. We report that Fgf8, Fgf17 and Emx2 play distinct roles in the molecular regionalization of FC subdivisions. The changes in regionalization are presaged by differential effects of rostral patterning center Fgf8 and Fgf17 signaling on the rostral cortical neuroepithelium, revealed by altered expression of Spry1, Spry2, and “rostral” transcription factors Er81, Erm, Pea3, and Sp8. We used Emx2–/–;Fgf17–/– double mutants to provide direct evidence that Emx2 and Fgf17 antagonistically regulate the expression of Erm, Pea3, and Er81 in the rostral cortical neuroepithelium and FC regionalization. We have integrated our results to propose a model for how fibroblast growth factors regulate FC patterning through regulation of regional transcription factor expression within the FC anlage. J. Comp. Neurol. 509:144–155, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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The PFC can expand differentially and independently of the growth rate of other cortical areas.
“Work of Cholfin and Rubenstein in mice provide experimental evidence that the PFC can expand differentially and independently of the growth rate of the other areas [30, 31]”
From Development of prefrontal cortex (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
The Results section (‘Abnormal FC molecular properties in cortical patterning mutants’; page unavailable) reports changes in frontal-cortex subdivisions alongside shifts in parietal-cortex markers. The Discussion (‘Fgf17–Emx2 interactions antagonistically regulate FC patterning’; page unavailable) suggests that individual cortical areas may selectively change in size. This supports differential changes in area size, but the paper does not establish that prefrontal expansion occurs independently of other areas’ growth rates. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Cholfin, J. A., & Rubenstein, J. L. R.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rubenstein, John L.R.
- Venue
- Journal of Comparative Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-05-05
- Volume
- 509
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 144-155
- ISSN
- 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-9861
- PMC
- PMC4399554
- OpenAlex
- W2046996481
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 3.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K05MH065670)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS034661, NS34661-01A1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
- Keywords
- frontal cortex, FGF8, FGF17, Emx2, fibroblast growth factor, SPRY1, SPRY2, ER81, ERM, PEA3, Sp8, transcription factors, gene expression biomarkers, double mutants, mouse brain development
- MeSH terms
- Empty Spiracles Homeobox Proteins, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Fibroblast Growth Factors, Frontal Lobe, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Models, Neurological, Molecular Sequence Data, Morphogenesis, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Organ Specificity, Transcription Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Signal Transduction, Mice, Knockout, Homeodomain Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Neuroepithelial Cells, Mice, Fibroblast Growth Factor 8, Forkhead Transcription Factors
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