Cited by 477Memory and Neural MechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchVisual perception and processing mechanisms

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The afferent and efferent connections of the ventromedial thalamic nucleus in the rat

Herkenham, Miles·1979·Journal of Comparative Neurology

DOI 10.1002/cne.901830304

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Abstract

Abstract The afferent and efferent connections of the ventromedial (VM) nucleus of the thalamus in the rat were studied by experiments using the methods of retrograde cell marking by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and anterograde fiber tracing by autoradiography. Tritiated amino acids deposited microelectrophoretically into VM label a cortical projection that is distributed to a sharply defined superficial portion of layer I of almost the entire extent of the ipsilateral neocortex. The labeling is most dense at frontal cortical levels, where fibers radiate through the deeper layers to terminate in the outer one‐quarter of layer I throughout all neocortex rostral to the genu of the corpus callosum. A lesser number of labeled fibers extends caudally in a supracallosal location to innervate parieto‐occipital cortical areas. Labeled collaterals ascend through the cortical layers to reach layer I, where grains in the superficial portion are found in a gradually decreasing rostrocaudal gradient of density that reaches the caudal pole of the hemisphere. Coronal sections at most levels contain a band of labeling in layer I that extends uninterrupted from the callosal sulcus at the midline to the banks of the rhinal sulcus laterally. Caudal retrosplenial and ventral temporal areas appear to be the only sectors of neocortex spared by the ubiquitous projection. Evidence for additional terminal distribution in deeper layers is found only in the dorsal and lateral sectors of the cortex rostral to the genu where sparsely labeled bands appear in layers III and V. The nearly exclusive distribution of VM's cortical afferents to layer I is compared and contrasted with multilaminar distributions of other “unspecific” cortical afferent fibers. HRP injected into VM labels neurons in a variety of structures at levels ranging from the frontal cortex to caudal medulla. Cell labelling in the globus pallidus, deep layers of the superior colliculus, cerebellar nuclei and the substantia nigra, pars reticulata suggest that VM is a point of convergence for several components of the extrapyramidal motor system. The nigrothalamic projection is topographic: medial and lateral districts of the pars reticulata are connected to medial and lateral districts of VM, respectively. A dorsal‐ventral association may also obtain. Cell labeling in the prefrontal cortex, the cortex along the rhinal sulcus, the lateral habenular nucleus, tegmental and medullary reticular formations, and parabrachial nuclei indicates that VM also receives projections from more heterogeneous sources.

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Background
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“1A; blue) act as drivers of activity by sending projections to layers III and IV of the cerebral cortex, whereas calbindin-staining matrix cells (which are more common in higher-order thalamic nuclei; Herkenham, 1979; Honjoh et al., 2018; Jones, 2001) preferentially target agranular cortices.”
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“…Omata, 1979; Kilpatrick et al., 1980; Chevalier and Deniau, 1982; Ueki, 1983) represent a major efferent system of basal ganglia through which electrical signals propagated in basal ganglia networks are conveyed to the neocortex (Herkenham, 1979, 1980; Glenn et al., 1982; Moran et al., 1982) (Fig.”
BackgroundMethod
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Ventral Medial Nucleus Neurons Send Thalamocortical Afferents More Widely and More Preferentially to Layer 1 than Neurons of the Ventral Anterior–Ventral Lateral Nuclear Complex in the Rat
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Result
Neocortical Layer 1: an elegant solution to top-down and bottom-up integration
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“Some retrograde labeling studies have shown that the deep layers of the superior colliculus and subnucleus reticularis dorsalis of the medulla send projections to the VM (Herkenham, 1979; Villanueva et al., 1998; Desbois & Villanueva, 2001).”
Background

Authors: Herkenham, M.
Affiliations: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
Corresponding author: Herkenham, Miles
ORCID: Herkenham, Miles
Venue: Journal of Comparative Neurology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1979-02
Volume: 183
Issue: 3
Pages: 487-517
ISSN: 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
1096-9861
DOI: 10.1002/cne.901830304
OpenAlex: W2000437871
Cited by: 477
References: 69
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 15.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 9382 d)
Locations: The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Keywords: ventromedial thalamic nucleus, extrapyramidal system, globus pallidus, substantia nigra pars reticulata, superior colliculus, cerebellar nuclei, lateral habenula, reticular formation
MeSH terms: Animals, Autoradiography, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Electrophysiology, Female, Globus Pallidus, Horseradish Peroxidase, Male, Neural Pathways, Substantia Nigra, Thalamic Nuclei, Rats

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The afferent and efferent connections of the ventromedial thalamic nucleus in the rat

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