Cerebral hemisphere regulation of motivated behavior
Abstract
The goals of this article are to suggest a basic wiring diagram for the motor neural network that controls motivated behavior, and to provide a model for the organization of cerebral hemisphere inputs to this network. Cerebral projections mediate voluntary regulation of a behavior control column in the ventromedial upper brainstem that includes (from rostral to caudal) the medial preoptic, anterior hypothalamic, descending paraventricular, ventromedial, and premammillary nuclei, the mammillary body, and finally the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. The rostral segment of this column is involved in controlling ingestive (eating and drinking) and social (defensive and reproductive) behaviors, whereas the caudal segment is involved in controlling general exploratory or foraging behaviors (with locomotor and orienting components) that are required for obtaining any particular goal object. Virtually all parts of the cerebral hemispheres contribute to a triple descending projection - with cortical excitatory, striatal inhibitory, and pallidal disinhibitory components - to specific parts of the behavior control column. The functional dynamics of this circuitry remain to be established.
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A brain can be thought of as running an internal model that controls central pattern generators in the service of allostasis.
“A brain can be thought of as running an internal model that controls central pattern generators in the service of allostasis (for more on pattern generators, see Burrows, 1996; Sterling and Laughlin, 2015; Swanson, 2000).”
From The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of interoception and categorization (2016) · cites this paper as Swanson, 2000
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- Authors
- Swanson, L. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Swanson, Larry W.
- ORCID
- Swanson, Larry W.
- Venue
- Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-12
- Volume
- 886
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 113-164
- ISSN
- 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088443095
- Cited by
- 846
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 2.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01-16686)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- motivated behavior, cerebral hemispheres, medial preoptic nucleus, anterior hypothalamic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamus, mammillary bodies, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, ingestive behavior, social behavior, exploratory behavior, cortical projections, descending projections
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Basal Ganglia, Behavior, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Brain Stem, Cerebral Cortex, Corpus Striatum, Exploratory Behavior, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Hypothalamus, Models, Neurological, Motivation, Motor Activity, Nerve Net, Social Behavior, Rats
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