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Cited by 328Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeurological disorders and treatmentsMemory and Neural Mechanisms

Brainstem projections to midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei of the rat

Krout, Karl E., Belzer, Rebecca E., Loewy, Arthur D.·2002·Journal of Comparative Neurology
DOI 10.1002/cne.10236
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Abstract

The projections from the brainstem to the midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei were examined in the rat. Stereotaxic injections of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin beta -subunit (CTb) were made in each of the intralaminar nuclei of the dorsal thalamus: the lateral parafascicular, medial parafascicular, central lateral, paracentral, oval paracentral, and central medial nuclei; in the midline thalamic nuclei-the paraventricular, intermediodorsal, mediodorsal, paratenial, rhomboid, reuniens, and submedius nuclei; and, in the anteroventral, parvicellular part of the ventral posterior, and caudal ventral medial nuclei. The retrograde cell body labeling pattern within the brainstem nuclei was then analyzed. Nearly every thalamic site received a projection from the deep mesencephalic reticular, pedunculopontine tegmental, dorsal raphe, median raphe, laterodorsal tegmental, and locus coeruleus nuclei. Most intralaminar thalamic sites were also innervated by unique combinations of medullary and pontine reticular formation nuclei such as the subnucleus reticularis dorsalis, gigantocellular, dorsal paragigantocellular, lateral, parvicellular, caudal pontine, ventral pontine, and oral pontine reticular nuclei; the dorsomedial tegmental, subpeduncular tegmental, and ventral tegmental areas; and, the central tegmental field. In addition, most intralaminar injections resulted in retrograde cell body labeling in the substantia nigra, nucleus Darkschewitsch, interstitial nucleus of Cajal, and cuneiform nucleus. Details concerning the pathways from the spinal trigeminal, nucleus tractus solitarius, raphe magnus, raphe pallidus, and the rostral and caudal linear raphe nuclei to subsets of midline and intralaminar thalamic sites are discussed in the text. The discussion focuses on brainstem-thalamic pathways that are likely involved in arousal, somatosensory, and visceral functions.

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  • The reticular arousal systems control alertness and orientation in different contexts and interface strongly with the limbic system, autonomic nervous system, and emotional motor system.

    “It controls alertness and orientation in different contexts, and interfaces strongly with LS, ANS and EMS (Krout et al., 2002; Berntson and Cacioppo, 2007).”

    From Somatic experiencing: using interoception and proprioception as core elements of trauma therapy (2015) · cites this paper as Krout et al., 2002

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Authors
Krout, K. E., Belzer, R. E., & Loewy, A. D.
Affiliations
Washington University in St. Louis (US)
Venue
Journal of Comparative Neurology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2002-05-07
Volume
448
Issue
1
Pages
53-101
ISSN
  • 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
  • 1096-9861
DOI
10.1002/cne.10236
OpenAlex
W1997269000
Cited by
328
References
116
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 11
FWCI
4.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL25449)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords
midline thalamic nuclei, intralaminar nuclei, dorsal thalamus, retrograde tracing, reticular formation, pedunculopontine nucleus, locus coeruleus, substantia nigra, interstitial nucleus of Cajal, cuneiform nucleus, raphe nuclei, arousal, somatosensory pathways, rats
MeSH terms
Animals, Arousal, Attention, Autonomic Nervous System, Brain Mapping, Brain Stem, Cerebral Cortex, Cholera Toxin, Male, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Pain, Raphe Nuclei, Reticular Formation, Sleep, Tegmentum Mesencephali, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Midline Thalamic Nuclei, Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei, Rats

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