Psychological interventions for depression and anxiety in pregnant Latina and Black women in the United States: A systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Black women and Latinas have more symptoms of depression and anxiety during pregnancy than do their non‐Latina White counterparts. Although effective interventions targeting internalizing disorders in pregnancy are available, they are primarily tested with White women. This article reviews randomized controlled trials and non‐randomized studies to better understand the effectiveness of psychological interventions for anxiety and depression during pregnancy in Latinas and Black women. Additionally, this review summarizes important characteristics of interventions such as intervention format, treatment modality, and the use of cultural adaptations. Literature searches of relevant research citation databases produced 68 studies; 13 of which were included in the final review. Most studies were excluded because their samples were not majority Latina or Black women or because they did not test an intervention. Of the included studies, three interventions outperformed a control group condition and showed statistically significant reductions in depressive symptoms. An additional two studies showed reductions in depressive symptoms from pretreatment to post‐treatment using non‐controlled designs. The remaining eight studies (seven randomized and one non‐randomized) did not show significant intervention effects. Cognitive behavioral therapy was the modality with most evidence for reducing depressive symptoms in pregnant Black and Latina women. No intervention was found to reduce anxiety symptoms, although only two of the 13 measured anxiety as an outcome. Five studies made cultural adaptations to their treatment protocols. Future studies should strive to better understand the importance of cultural modifications to improve engagement and clinical outcomes with pregnant women receiving treatment for anxiety and depression.
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The amount of mental health service use during pregnancy for Black and Latina women was between 4 and 5%.
“In a systematic review [3], the amount of mental health service use during pregnancy for Black and Latina women was between 4 and 5%.”
From The mastery lifestyle intervention to reduce biopsychosocial risks for pregnant Latinas and African Americans and their infants: protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
The paper reports mental health service-use rates of 5% for Latinas and 4% for Black women in the passage labeled Abstract (page not provided). It describes those rates as applying to the perinatal period, however, not specifically to service use during pregnancy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe most common treatment for psychosocial distress has been cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).
“The most common treatment for psychosocial distress has been cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) [3].”
From The mastery lifestyle intervention to reduce biopsychosocial risks for pregnant Latinas and African Americans and their infants: protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
The Results (Intervention Characteristics) identify CBT as the most common treatment modality among the reviewed interventions for perinatal depressive symptoms in pregnant Black women and Latinas. The claim broadens that finding to psychosocial distress generally, without the source’s population and condition limits. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAmong limited psychotherapy studies that enroll majority Latinx participants, no psychotherapy has garnered sufficient support to be considered evidence-based for treating prenatal anxiety.
“For example, findings from a systematic review show that among a limited number of psychotherapy studies that enroll majority Latinx participants, no psychotherapy has garnered sufficient support to be considered evidence-based for treating prenatal anxiety (Ponting et al., 2020).”
From Exposure Therapy Acceptability Among Pregnant Latinas With Anxiety: A Qualitative Content Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as Ponting et al., 2020
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African American Women and Self-Esteem
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The Role of the Mental Health Professional
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New treatments: Opportunities and challenges
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- Authors
- Ponting, C., Mahrer, N. E., Zelcer, H., Dunkel Schetter, C., & Chavira, D. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Department of Psychology University of California Los Angeles California USA
- Corresponding author
- Ponting, Carolyn
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-01-30
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 249-265
- ISSN
- 1063-3995 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-0879
- PMC
- PMC7125032
- OpenAlex
- W3001499522
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIH 5T32MH015750‐38)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- antenatal depression, prenatal anxiety, Hispanic women, Black women, psychological intervention, cultural adaptation, cognitive behavioral therapy, internalizing disorders, treatment effectiveness
- MeSH terms
- Psychosocial Intervention, Anxiety Disorders, Black or African American, Depressive Disorder, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, United States, Black People
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