Effect of Psychotherapy on Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Open accessAbstract
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is the tendency to react negatively on affective, cognitive and behavioural levels to uncertain situations and to harbour negative beliefs about the implications of uncertainty. IU has been linked to psychopathology and shown to impact treatment outcomes. This study systematically reviewed the literature and performed a meta‐analysis of the effects of psychotherapy on IU. A total of 22 studies (1491 participants) were identified in online searches and included in the meta‐analyses. Analyses were performed on studies with passive and active control conditions. The pooled effect on IU from studies with passive control was large (g = −0.94 [95% CI −1.25 to −0.62]) but with significant heterogeneity. Pooled effects on IU from studies with active controls were not significant. Moderator analysis showed that among studies with a passive control condition, studies that recruited participants from clinical care facilities produced smaller effect sizes. Among studies with an active control condition, study quality significantly moderated the results, with higher quality leading to a larger effect size. These results indicate that changes in IU may be difficult to reliably achieve in psychotherapy and leave many questions about the effect of psychotherapy on IU unanswered, such as what active components produced the observed changes in studies with passive control.
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In individualistic cultures, therapy may emphasize building self-efficacy, personal resilience, and cognitive restructuring to help individuals tolerate uncertainty without feeling a loss of control.
“In contrast, in individualistic cultures, therapy may emphasize building self-efficacy, personal resilience, and cognitive restructuring to help individuals tolerate uncertainty without feeling a loss of control [118,202].”
From Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective. (2025) · cites this paper as [202]
The Discussion states that cognitive restructuring has been used to facilitate changes in intolerance of uncertainty. It does not discuss individualistic cultures or say that therapy in those cultures emphasizes self-efficacy, personal resilience, or avoiding a loss of control. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Näsling, J., Åström, E., Jacobsson, L., & Ljungberg, J. K.
- Affiliations
- Luleå University of Technology (SE)
- Umeå University (SE)
- Lund University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Näsling, John
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2024-07
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e3026-e3026
- ISSN
- 1063-3995 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-0879
- OpenAlex
- W4400891108
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7
- FWCI
- 0.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- DiVA at Umeå University (Umeå University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- VINNOVA (2021‐02361)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- intolerance of uncertainty, psychotherapy, treatment effects, active control, study quality, moderators, psychopathology
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Psychotherapy, Uncertainty
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