Coping flexibility and complicated grief: A comparison of American and Chinese samples
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BACKGROUND: The ability to process a death and the ability to remain optimistic and look beyond the loss are both thought to be effective means of coping with loss and other aversive events. Recently, these seemingly contrary dimensions have been integrated into the idea of coping flexibility. METHODS: In this study, we assessed the ability of married and bereaved individuals in the United States and Hong Kong to use both coping approaches as operationalized by the trauma-focused and forward-focused coping scales of a previously validated questionnaire. We also calculated a single flexibility score. RESULTS: Bereaved participants reported greater trauma-focused coping ability than did married participants. However, bereaved participants meeting criteria for complicated grief (CG) reported less forward-focused coping than both asymptomatic bereaved and married participants. The CG group also showed less overall coping flexibility than the asymptomatic bereaved and married groups. Country was not a factor. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that deficits in coping flexibility are indicative of pathology in bereaved individuals, and that this relationship extends across cultures. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are discussed.
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Burton et al. (2011) showed that bereaved people with complicated grief report coping less with restoration-oriented stressors, and show less coping flexibility than bereaved people without complicated grief and nonbereaved married participants.
“A comparative study by Burton et al. (2011) showed that bereaved people with CG report coping less with restorationoriented stressors, and show less coping flexibility than bereaved people without CG and nonbereaved married participants.”
From Emotion Regulatory Strategies in Complicated Grief: A Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Burton et al. (2011)
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- Authors
- Burton, C. L., Yan, O. H., Pat-Horenczyk, R., Chan, I. S. F., Ho, S., & Bonanno, G. A.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Israel Center for the Treatment of Psychotrauma; Herzog Hospital; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem; Israel
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- City University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Burton, Charles L.
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2011-09-02
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 16-22
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3242921
- OpenAlex
- W1893811132
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH073595)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Keywords
- coping flexibility, complicated grief, bereavement, optimism, cross-cultural comparison, Hong Kong, spouses
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Bereavement, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Death, Female, Hong Kong, Humans, Male, Marriage, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Adjustment, Stress, Psychological, United States, Widowhood
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