Amygdala-Cortical Connectivity: Associations with Anxiety, Development, and Threat: 2015 ADAA Scientific Research Symposium: Anxiety, Development, and Connectivity
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BACKGROUND: Amygdala-prefrontal cortex (PFC) functional connectivity may be influenced by anxiety and development. A prior study on anxiety found age-specific dysfunction in the ventromedial PFC (vmPFC), but not amygdala, associated with threat-safety discrimination during extinction recall (Britton et al.). However, translational research suggests that amygdala-PFC circuitry mediates responses following learned extinction. Anxiety-related perturbations may emerge in functional connectivity within this circuit during extinction recall tasks. The current report uses data from the prior study to examine how anxiety and development relate to task-dependent amygdala-PFC connectivity. METHODS: Eighty-two subjects (14 anxious youths, 15 anxious adults, 25 healthy youths, 28 healthy adults) completed an extinction recall task, which directed attention to different aspects of stimuli. Generalized psychophysiological interaction analysis tested whether task-dependent functional connectivity with anatomically defined amygdala seed regions differed across anxiety and age groups. RESULTS: Whole-brain analyses showed significant interactions of anxiety, age, and attention task (i.e., threat appraisal, explicit threat memory, physical discrimination) on left amygdala functional connectivity with the vmPFC and ventral anterior cingulate cortex (Talairach XYZ coordinates: -16, 31, -6 and 1, 36, -4). During threat appraisal and explicit threat memory (vs. physical discrimination), anxious youth showed more negative amygdala-PFC coupling, whereas anxious adults showed more positive coupling. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of extinction recall, anxious youths and adults manifested opposite directions of amygdala-vmPFC coupling, specifically when appraising and explicitly remembering previously learned threat. Future research on anxiety should consider associations of both development and attention to threat with functional connectivity perturbations.
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During extinction recall, adolescents compared to adults show reduced mPFC activation.
“However, during extinction recall, adolescents compared to adults show reduced mPFC activation, and anxious youth, compared to non-anxious youth show different patterns of task-related functional coupling between the amygdala-mPFC15.”
From Multimodal evidence for delayed threat extinction learning in adolescence and young adulthood (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
Anxious youth compared to non-anxious youth show different patterns of task-related functional coupling between the amygdala and mPFC.
“However, during extinction recall, adolescents compared to adults show reduced mPFC activation, and anxious youth, compared to non-anxious youth show different patterns of task-related functional coupling between the amygdala-mPFC15.”
From Multimodal evidence for delayed threat extinction learning in adolescence and young adulthood (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
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- Authors
- Gold, A. L., Shechner, T., Farber, M. J., Spiro, C. N., Leibenluft, E., Pine, D. S., & Britton, J. C.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Haifa (IL)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- University of Miami (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gold, Andrea L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-10
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 917-926
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5096647
- OpenAlex
- W2529716934
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 5.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Intramural Research Program at the National Institute of Mental Health (K99/R00MH091183)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- anxiety, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, ventral anterior cingulate cortex, extinction recall, threat appraisal, age differences, developmental differences, generalized psychophysiological interaction, threat-safety discrimination
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Amygdala, Anxiety Disorders, Arousal, Attention, Brain Mapping, Conditioning, Classical, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Mental Recall, Prefrontal Cortex
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