Persistent maternal depressive symptoms trajectories influence children's IQ: The EDEN mother-child cohort: van der Waerden et al.
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: This study assessed the association between timing and course of maternal depression from pregnancy onwards and children's cognitive development at ages 5 to 6. Potential interaction effects with child sex and family socioeconomic status were explored. METHODS: One thousand thirty-nine mother-child pairs from the French EDEN mother-child birth cohort were followed from 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy onwards. Based on Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores assessed at six timepoints, longitudinal maternal depressive symptom trajectories were calculated with a group-based semiparametric method. Children's cognitive function was assessed at ages 5 to 6 by trained interviewers with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Third Edition (WPPSI-III), resulting in three composite scores: Verbal IQ (VIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ), and Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ). RESULTS: Five trajectories of maternal symptoms of depression could be distinguished: no symptoms, persistent intermediate-level depressive symptoms, persistent high depressive symptoms, high symptoms in pregnancy only, and high symptoms in the child's preschool period only. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that, compared to children of mothers who were never depressed, children of mothers with persistent high levels of depressive symptoms had reduced VIQ, PIQ, and FSIQ scores. This association was moderated by the child's sex, boys appearing especially vulnerable in case of persistent maternal depression. CONCLUSIONS: Chronicity of maternal depression predicts children's cognitive development at school entry age, particularly in boys. As maternal mental health is an early modifiable influence on child development, addressing the treatment needs of depressed mothers may help reduce the associated burden on the next generation.
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Adverse effects of post-partum mood disturbance depend on chronicity of exposure.
“These adverse effects depend on chronicity of exposure (Ahun et al., 2017;van der Waerden et al., 2017), such that understanding contextual influences on symptom trajectories is a key research challenge.”
From Couples becoming parents: Trajectories for psychological distress and buffering effects of social support (2020) · cites this paper as van der Waerden et al., 2017
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- Authors
- van der Waerden, J., Bernard, J. Y., De Agostini, M., Saurel-Cubizolles, M.-J., Peyre, H., Heude, B., Melchior, M., & for The EDEN Mother-Child Cohort Study Group
- Affiliations
- Department of Social Epidemiology; INSERM UMR_S 1136; Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health; Paris France
- Inserm (FR)
- INSERM; UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS); Developmental Origins of Health and disease (ORCHAD) Team; Villejuif France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; Paris France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-09-07
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 105-117
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2520417784
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7
- FWCI
- 6.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- Fondation pour la Recherche en Psychiatrie et Santé Mentale (FRPSM)
- National Institute for Research in Public Health (IRESP: General Project Call 2014)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Keywords
- maternal depression, depressive symptom trajectories, child cognitive development, IQ, preschool children, pregnancy, child sex differences, socioeconomic status, EDEN mother-child cohort, maternal mental health, chronicity of depression
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Depressive Disorder, Female, France, Humans, Infant, Intelligence, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Pregnancy, Sex Factors, Social Class, Cohort Studies
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