Association Between Maternal Perinatal Depression and Anxiety and Child and Adolescent Development: A Meta-analysis

Rogers, Alana; Obst, Shelley; Teague, Samantha J.; Rossen, Larissa; Spry, Elizabeth A.; Macdonald, Jacqui A.; Sunderland, Matthew; Olsson, Craig A.; Youssef, George; Hutchinson, Delyse

doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2910

Cited by 620Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentInfant Development and Preterm Care

Association Between Maternal Perinatal Depression and Anxiety and Child and Adolescent Development: A Meta-analysis

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Rogers, Alana, Obst, Shelley, Teague, Samantha J., Rossen, Larissa, Spry, Elizabeth A., Macdonald, Jacqui A., Sunderland, Matthew, Olsson, Craig A. +2 more·2020·JAMA Pediatrics

DOI 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2910PMC PMC7490743

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Abstract

Importance: There is widespread interest in associations between maternal perinatal depression and anxiety and offspring development; however, to date, there has been no systematic, meta-analytic review on the long-term developmental outcomes spanning infancy through adolescence. Objective: To provide a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the extant literature on associations between maternal perinatal depression and anxiety and social-emotional, cognitive, language, motor, and adaptability outcomes in offspring during the first 18 years of life. Data Sources: Six databases were searched (CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Library, Embase, Informit, MEDLINE Complete, and PsycInfo) for all extant studies reporting associations between perinatal maternal mental health problems and offspring development to March 1, 2020. Study Selection: Studies were included if they were published in English; had a human sample, quantitative data, a longitudinal design, and measures of perinatal depression and/or anxiety and social-emotional, cognitive, language, motor, and/or adaptability development in offspring; and investigated an association between perinatal depression or anxiety and childhood development. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Of 27 212 articles identified, 191 were eligible for meta-analysis. Data were extracted by multiple independent observers and pooled using a fixed- or a random-effects model. A series of meta-regressions were also conducted. Data were analyzed from January 1, 2019, to March 15, 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures: Primary outcomes included social-emotional, cognitive, language, motor, and adaptability development in offspring during the first 18 years of life. Results: After screening, 191 unique studies were eligible for meta-analysis, with a combined sample of 195 751 unique mother-child dyads. Maternal perinatal depression and anxiety were associated with poorer offspring social-emotional (antenatal period, r = 0.21 [95% CI, 0.16-0.27]; postnatal period, r = 0.24 [95% CI, 0.19-0.28]), cognitive (antenatal period, r = -0.12 [95% CI, -0.19 to -0.05]; postnatal period, r = -0.25 [95% CI, -0.39 to -0.09]), language (antenatal period, r = -0.11 [95% CI, -0.20 to 0.02]; postnatal period, r = -0.22 [95% CI, -0.40 to 0.03]), motor (antenatal period, r = -0.07 [95% CI, -0.18 to 0.03]; postnatal period, r = -0.07 [95% CI, -0.16 to 0.03]), and adaptive behavior (antenatal period, r = -0.26 [95% CI, -0.39 to -0.12]) development. Findings extended beyond infancy, into childhood and adolescence. Meta-regressions confirmed the robustness of the results. Conclusions and Relevance: Evidence suggests that perinatal depression and anxiety in mothers are adversely associated with offspring development and therefore are important targets for prevention and early intervention to support mothers transitioning into parenthood and the health and well-being of next-generation offspring.

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Perinatal depression and anxiety are associated with poorer offspring outcomes spanning from infancy through to adolescence, across mental health, cognitive, language, motor, and adaptive behaviour domains.
“Correspondingly, perinatal depression and anxiety are associated with poorer offspring outcomes spanning from infancy through to adolescence, across mental health (Srinivasan et al., 2020), cognitive, language, motor, and adaptive behaviour domains (Rogers et al., 2020).”
From Associations between maternal psychological distress and mother-infant bonding: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as Rogers et al., 2020

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Digital Media Use and Child Health and Development
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Association of maternal depression and anxiety with toddler social-emotional and cognitive development in South Africa: a prospective cohort study
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Randomized trial of promoting first relationships for new mothers who received community mental health services in pregnancy.
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Navigating Support Networks: A Somali Woman’s Experience of Social Alignment to Overcome Isolation During Pregnancy and Early Motherhood
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Perinatal depression trajectories and child development at one year: a study in China
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Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Paternal Anxiety and the Emotional and Behavioral Outcomes in Their Offspring
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Association between Maternal Perinatal Depression and Anxiety and Child and Adolescent Development: A Meta-analysis
Rogers, A., Obst, S., Teague, S. J., Rossen, L., Spry, E. A., Macdonald, J. A., Sunderland, M., Olsson, C., Youssef, G., & Hutchinson, D. (2020) · Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
Paternal Perinatal Depression, Anxiety, and Stress and Child Development: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Bas, G. A. L., Aarsman, S. R., Rogers, A., Macdonald, J. A., Misuraca, G. O., Khor, S., Spry, E. A., Rossen, L., Weller, E., Mansour, K. A., et al. (2025) · ResearchOnline at James Cook University (James Cook University)
Self-citation
Paternal Perinatal Depression, Anxiety, and Stress and Child Development
Bas, G. A. L., Aarsman, S. R., Rogers, A., Macdonald, J. A., Misuraca, G. O., Khor, S., Spry, E., Rossen, L., Weller, E., Mansour, K. A., et al. (2025) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.0880 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citation
Perinatal maternal mental health and infant socio-emotional development: A growth curve analysis using the MPEWS cohort
Porter, E., Lewis, A. J., Watson, S., & Galbally, M. (2019) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101336 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Alcohol use in elderly primips: Relation to infant attachment
O’Connor, M. J., Sigman, M., & Brill, N. (1986) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/s0163-6383(86)80276-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Authors: Rogers, A., Obst, S., Teague, S. J., Rossen, L., Spry, E. A., Macdonald, J. A., Sunderland, M., Olsson, C. A., Youssef, G., & Hutchinson, D.
Affiliations: Deakin University (AU)
University of British Columbia (CA)
Royal Children's Hospital (AU)
The University of Sydney (AU)
Corresponding author: Hutchinson, Delyse
ORCID: Teague, Samantha J.
Rossen, Larissa
Spry, Elizabeth A.
Macdonald, Jacqui A.
Sunderland, Matthew
Olsson, Craig A.
Youssef, George
Hutchinson, Delyse
Venue: JAMA Pediatrics
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2020-11-01
Volume: 174
Issue: 11
Pages: 1082
ISSN: 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
2168-6203
DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2910
PMC: PMC7490743
OpenAlex: W3086442239
Cited by: 620
References: 77
Citations by year: 2026: 144 · 2025: 157 · 2024: 123 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 2 · 2015: 1
FWCI: 8.16
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ResearchOnline - JCU (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
Keywords: perinatal depression, offspring development, child development, adolescent development, social-emotional development, cognitive development, language development, motor development, adaptability, antenatal depression, postpartum depression, maternal mental health, mother-child dyads
MeSH terms: Correlation of Data, Adolescent, Anxiety, Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Depression, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Pregnancy

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