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Adult mental health outcomes of adolescent depression: A systematic review
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Adolescent depression may increase risk for poor mental health outcomes in adulthood. The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature on the association between adolescent depression and adult anxiety and depressive disorders as well as suicidality. METHODS: EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PSYCinfo databases were searched and longitudinal cohort studies in which depression was measured in adolescence (age 10-19) and outcomes of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, or suicidality were measured in adulthood (age 21+), were selected. Meta-analysis using inverse variance and random effects modeling, along with sensitivity analyses, were used to synthesize article estimates. RESULTS: Twenty articles were identified, representing 15 unique cohorts. Seventeen of 18 articles showed adolescent depression increased risk for adult depression; eleven pooled cohorts estimated that adolescents with depression had 2.78 (1.97, 3.93) times increased odds of depression in adulthood. Seven of eight articles that investigated the association between adolescent depression and any adult anxiety found a significant association. Three of five articles showed a significant association between adolescent depression and adult suicidality. CONCLUSION: This review shows that adolescent depression increases the risk for subsequent depression later in life. Articles consistently found that adolescent depression increases the risk for anxiety disorders in adulthood, but evidence was mixed on whether or not a significant association existed between adolescent depression and suicidality in adulthood. Early intervention in adolescent depression may reduce long-term burden of disease.
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“Unfortunately, emotional symptoms often remain untreated and show continuity into adulthood, where they can escalate into full‐syndrome and recurrent anxiety and depressive disorders (Johnson et al., 2018; Kwong et al., 2019; Naicker, Galambos, Zeng, Senthilselvan, & Colman, 2013; Wolitzky‐Taylor et al., 2014).”
From A cross‐lagged twin study of emotional symptoms, social isolation and peer victimisation from early adolescence to emerging adulthood (2023) · cites this paper as Johnson et al., 2018
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“This prolonged rise in MDE is concerning because adolescent depression tends to persist into adulthood [11] and forecasts adverse health and socioeconomic consequences throughout life [9,12].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Johnson, D., Dupuis, G., Piche, J., Clayborne, Z., & Colman, I.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Corresponding author
- Colman, Ian
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-06-07
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 700-716
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2807093528
- Cited by
- 563
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 75 · 2025: 93 · 2024: 99 · 2023: 87 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 5.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canada Research Chairs
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- adolescent depression, adult depression, suicidality, long-term mental health outcomes, longitudinal cohort, early intervention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Suicide
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