Gonadectomy before puberty increases the number of neurons and glia in the medial prefrontal cortex of female, but not male, rats
Open accessAbstract
The human prefrontal cortex, important for executive functions, loses gray matter throughout the adolescent period. In rats, our laboratory demonstrated that a loss of neurons between adolescence and adulthood partially underlies the loss of volume, and this loss is greater in females than males. Here, we examine whether being deprived of gonadal hormones before puberty through adulthood influences the number of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Prior to puberty, the testes or ovaries were removed in male and female rats. In adulthood, the number of neurons and glia in the mPFC were quantified using unbiased stereology, and the volume of the frontal white matter was measured. Prepubertal ovariectomy resulted in a higher number of neurons and glia and a larger volume of white matter compared to sham control littermates. Castrated males were not different from sham males on any measure. Thus ovarian hormones secreted after puberty influence the cellular composition of the medial prefrontal cortex.
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In rats, gonadectomy results in no change in white matter volume in male rats but does increase white matter volume in female rats in the frontal cortex.
“In rats, gonadectomy results in no change in white matter volume in male rats but does increase white matter volume in female rats in the frontal cortex (Koss et al., 2015).”
From Does puberty mark a transition in sensitive periods for plasticity in the associative neocortex? (2017) · cites this paper as Koss et al., 2015
There is no age related decline in frontal cortex neuron numbers in males, nor does removing the testes before puberty result in any changes to neuron number.
“There is no age related decline in frontal cortex neuron numbers in males, nor does removing the testes before puberty result in any changes to neuron number (Koss et al., 2015; Willing and Juraska, 2015).”
From Does puberty mark a transition in sensitive periods for plasticity in the associative neocortex? (2017) · cites this paper as Koss et al., 2015
The decline in frontal cortex neuron and glia number in female rats can be eliminated by prepubertal ovariectomy, suggesting that pubertal gonadal steroids induce apoptosis of frontal cortex neurons in females.
“This decline can be eliminated by prepubertal ovariectomy, suggesting that pubertal gonadal steroids induce apoptosis of frontal cortex neurons in females (Koss et al., 2015).”
From Does puberty mark a transition in sensitive periods for plasticity in the associative neocortex? (2017) · cites this paper as Koss et al., 2015
The same pattern holds for the number of glial cell bodies in the frontal cortex.
“This effect also holds true for the number of glial cell bodies in the frontal cortex (Koss et al., 2015).”
From Does puberty mark a transition in sensitive periods for plasticity in the associative neocortex? (2017) · cites this paper as Koss et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Koss, W. A., Lloyd, M. M., Sadowski, R. N., Wise, L. M., & Juraska, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Juraska, Janice M.
- Venue
- Developmental Psychobiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-03-18
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 305-312
- ISSN
- 0012-1630 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-2302
- PMC
- PMC4380816
- OpenAlex
- W1924622319
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 10.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Developmental Psychobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (MH099625, NIEHS T32 ES007326)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- gonadectomy, castration, medial prefrontal cortex, neuronal loss, glial cells, sex differences, ovarian hormones, gray matter loss, white matter volume, puberty, rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Count, Female, Male, Neuroglia, Neurons, Orchiectomy, Ovariectomy, Sex Factors, Sexual Maturation, Prefrontal Cortex, Rats, Long-Evans, Rats
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