In-hospital and 1-year mortality associated with diabetes in patients with acute heart failure: results from the ESC-HFA Heart Failure Long-Term Registry
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Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in-hospital and 1-year prognostic impact of diabetes and elevated blood glucose levels at hospital admission in patients with acute heart failure (HF). Methods and results: We studied a multinational cohort of 6926 hospitalized patients with acute HF enrolled in the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and Heart Failure Association (HFA) Long-Term Registry, of whom 49.4% (n = 3422) had known or previously undiagnosed diabetes (defined as self-reported history, or medication use, or fasting glucose levels ≥7.0 mmol/L or haemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%). Compared with those without diabetes, patients with known or previously undiagnosed diabetes had higher cumulative rates of in-hospital mortality, 1-year mortality, and 1-year HF re-hospitalization that occurred independently of multiple clinical risk factors: in-hospital mortality [6.8 vs. 4.4%; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.774; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.282–2.456, P < 0.001], 1-year all-cause mortality (27.5 vs. 24%; adjusted HR 1.162; 95% CI 1.020–1.325, P = 0.024), and 1-year hospital re-admissions for HF (23.2 vs. 18.5%; adjusted HR 1.320; 95% CI 1.139–1.530, P < 0.001). Moreover, elevated admission blood glucose concentrations were powerfully prognostic for in-hospital mortality, but not for 1-year mortality or re-hospitalizations, in both patients with and without diabetes. Conclusions: Among patients hospitalized for acute HF, the presence of diabetes is independently associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality, 1-year all-cause mortality, and 1-year re-hospitalizations for HF, underscoring the need for more effective and personalized treatments of diabetes in this particularly high-risk patient population.
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Available observational data demonstrate that diabetes prevalence in patients with heart failure is similar irrespective of left ventricular ejection fraction category.
“In addition, available data from observational studies demonstrate that diabetes prevalence in patients with HF is similar, irrespective of LVEF category.469,470”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [470]
In registries of hospitalized HF patients in North America and Europe, the prevalence of T2DM is around 40-45%.
“In registries of hospitalized HF patients in North America and Europe, the prevalence of T2DM is around 40-45%, 49 -52”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: A position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (2018) · cites this paper as [51]
In the ALARM registry and the ESC HF Long-Term Registry, T2DM was independently associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality.
“Conversely, in the ALARM registry (six European countries, Mexico and Australia), and in the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) HF Long-Term Registry, T2DM was independently associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality.51,86”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: A position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (2018) · cites this paper as [51]
With longer-term follow-up, an association between T2DM and worse outcomes in HF patients becomes evident.
“However, with longer-term follow-up, an association between T2DM and worse outcomes in HF patients becomes evident.”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: A position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (2018) · cites this paper as [51]
In the ESC HF Long-Term Registry, the presence of T2DM was independently associated with increased 1-year all-cause mortality.
“Likewise, in the ESC HF Long-Term Registry, the presence of T2DM was independently associated with increased 1-year all-cause mortality.51,73”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: A position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (2018) · cites this paper as [51]
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- Authors
- Targher, G., Dauriz, M., Laroche, C., Temporelli, P. L., Hassanein, M., Seferovic, P. M., Drozdz, J., Ferrari, R., Anker, S., Coats, A., Filippatos, G., Crespo-Leiro, M. G., Mebazaa, A., Piepoli, M. F., Maggioni, A. P., Tavazzi, L., & ESC-HFA HF Long-Term Registry investigators
- Affiliations
- University of Verona (IT)
- European Society of Cardiology (FR)
- Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri (IT)
- Alexandria University (EG)
- Univerzitetski Klinički Centar Srbije (RS)
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University , Lodz ,
- University of Ferrara (IT)
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (DE)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- Hospital Universitario 12 De Octubre (ES)
- Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca Avanzada y Trasplante Cardiaco, Complexo Hospitalario, Universitario A Coruna , CHUAC, La Coruna ,
- Inserm (FR)
- Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital (IT)
- Maria Cecilia Hospital (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Maggioni, Aldo Pietro
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Heart Failure
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-10-28
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 54-65
- ISSN
- 1388-9842 (ISSN-L)
- 1879-0844
- OpenAlex
- W2541827286
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 15.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Heart Failure (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RUC (Universidade Da Coruña) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Monash University Research Portal (Monash University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Abbott Vascular Int. (2011–2014)
- Amgen Cardiovascular (2012–2015)
- AstraZeneca (2014–2017)
- Bayer (2013–2018)
- Boehringer Ingelheim (2013–2016)
- Boston Scientific (2010–2012)
- The Bristol Myers Squibb and Pfizer Alliance (2014–2016)
- The Alliance Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH and Eli Lilly and Company (2014–2017)
- Edwards (2016–2019)
- Gedeon Richter (2014–2017)
- Menarini Int. Op. (2010–2012)
- MSD-Merck & Co. (2011–2014)
- Novartis Pharma AG (2014–2017)
- ResMed (2014–2016)
- Sanofi (2010–2011)
- Servier (2012–2015)
- Medtronic
- Novartis
- Boehringer-Ingelheim
- Merck Serono
- Irbtech
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, acute heart failure, in-hospital mortality, one-year mortality, admission blood glucose, prognostic factors, undiagnosed diabetes
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cause of Death, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Heart Failure, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Patient Readmission, Prognosis, Registries, Cohort Studies, Proportional Hazards Models, Hospital Mortality
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