Cited by 289Microplastics and Plastic PollutionPharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental ImpactsFiber-reinforced polymer composites

Are We Underestimating Anthropogenic Microfiber Pollution? A Critical Review of Occurrence, Methods, and Reporting

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Athey, Samantha N., Erdle, Lisa M.·2022·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

Abstract

Anthropogenic microfibers, a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, can be categorized as synthetic, semisynthetic, or natural according to material of origin and production process. Although natural fibers, such as cotton and wool, originated from natural sources, they often contain chemical additives, including colorants (e.g., dyes, pigments) and finishes (e.g., flame retardants, antimicrobial agents, ultraviolet light stabilizers). These additives are applied to textiles during production to give textiles desired properties like enhanced durability. Anthropogenically modified "natural" and semisynthetic fibers are sufficiently persistent to undergo long-range transport and accumulate in the environment, where they are ingested by biota. Although most research and communication on microfibers have focused on the sources, pathways, and effects of synthetic fibers in the environment, natural and semisynthetic fibers warrant further investigation because of their abundance. Because of the challenges in enumerating and identifying natural and semisynthetic fibers in environmental samples and the focus on microplastic or synthetic fibers, reports of anthropogenic microfibers in the environment may be underestimated. In this critical review, we 1) report that natural and semisynthetic microfibers are abundant, 2) highlight that some environmental compartments are relatively understudied in the microfiber literature, and 3) report which methods are suitable to enumerate and characterize the full suite of anthropogenic microfibers. We then use these findings to 4) recommend best practices to assess the abundance of anthropogenic microfibers in the environment, including natural and semisynthetic fibers. By focusing exclusively on synthetic fibers in the environment, we are neglecting a major component of anthropogenic microfiber pollution. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:822-837. © 2021 SETAC.

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  • Natural and semisynthetic microfibers have been found in wild marine organisms.

    “Recently, some studies underlined the presence of natural and semisynthetic microfibers in wild marine organisms [86,87,88,89].”

    From Is Wild Marine Biota Affected by Microplastics? (2022) · cites this paper as [86]

  • Although natural microfibers degrade faster than synthetic polymers, they can persist in the marine environment for a long time.

    “Although natural microfibers degrade faster than synthetic polymers, these microfibers can persist in the marine environment for a lot of time in relation to their nature and environmental factors [86].”

    From Is Wild Marine Biota Affected by Microplastics? (2022) · cites this paper as [86]

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Authors
Athey, S. N., & Erdle, L. M.
Affiliations
University of Toronto (CA)
Corresponding author
Athey, Samantha N.
Venue
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Published
2021-07-21
Volume
41
Issue
4
Pages
822-837
ISSN
  • 0730-7268 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-8618
OpenAlex
W3185683441
Cited by
289
References
170
Citations by year
2026: 58 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 6
FWCI
1.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (534680, RGPIN-2017-06654, RGPIN‐2017‐06654)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Fiber-reinforced polymer composites
Keywords
natural fibers, textile additives, microfiber pollution, environmental compartments, microplastics, long-range transport
MeSH terms
Microplastics, Environmental Monitoring, Plastics, Textiles, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Wastewater

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