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Intermittent Fasting and Hormonal Regulation: Pathways to Improved Metabolic Health
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF), a temporal dietary pattern, has garnered interest in improving anthropometric and metabolic markers. Beyond this, IF appears to recalibrate hormonal circadian rhythms and reshape gut microbiota—two key intermediaries through which IF exerts effects on endocrine, inflammatory, and oncogenic pathways. This review synthesizes research findings of IF on key endocrine systems and outlines its potential implications for oncogenic risk. We primarily examine the effects of IF on hormonal regulation with a particular focus on its relevance to metabolic and oncogenic health outcomes. We explored hormonal alterations induced by various IF protocols and discussed their physiological implications. Controlled observations or interventional studies in both human and animal models were included. Evidence indicates that IF exerts systemic effects on hormonal rhythmicity, including insulin, thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids, and sex hormones, potentially re‐establishing homeostatic endocrine function. Moreover, IF influences cancer‐related pathways via modulation of endocrine axes and attenuation of inflammatory markers. These mechanisms offer a theoretical basis for IF's potential in attenuating metabolic dysfunction and cancer risk. However, the current research is limited by variations in study designs, short durations, limited cohorts, and population‐specific findings, restricting generalizability and applicability. Ultimately, IF represents a multifaceted dietary strategy with the potential to synchronize circadian and hormonal systems, positioning it as a promising intervention in metabolic and endocrine‐related conditions. However, whether long‐term IF can modulate specific hormonal axes without overt physiological side effects, including sex‐specific effects, remains unclear. To establish its clinical relevance and therapeutic safety, validation through well‐designed and large‐scale human trials is imperative.
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“Over the past decade, IF has gained substantial scientific and public interest due to accumulating evidence of metabolic benefits, including improved insulin sensitivity, weight loss, reduced inflammation, and enhanced cardiovascular health [2,3].”
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“IF improves insulin sensitivity through multiple mechanisms including enhanced cellular autophagy, mitochondrial function, and metabolic switching from glucose to ketone-based energy metabolism [2].”
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Effects of intermittent fasting on health, aging, and disease
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“These interventions have been shown to induce cellular protection, amplify the efficacy of cancer therapies, and hinder the adaptability and survival capabilities of cancer cells (Nencioni et al. 2018; Raffaghello et al. 2008; Tinkum et al. 2015).”
Fasting and cancer: molecular mechanisms and clinical application
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Cited by
La Vignera, S., & Condorelli, R. A. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18111817 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Shkorfu, W., Fadel, A., Hamsho, M., Ranneh, Y., & Shahbaz, H. M.
- Affiliations
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics Faculty of Health Sciences, Bahçeşehir University Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Nutrition and Health College of Medicine and Health Sciences Al‐Ain UAE
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yuz Yil University Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Pharmacy Al Ain University Al‐Ain UAE
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences United Arab Emirates University Al‐Ain UAE
- Venue
- Food Science & Nutrition
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2025-08
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 8
- ISSN
- 2048-7177
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 25
- Language
- en
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