Serotonin stimulates secretion of exosomes from microglia cells
Open accessAbstract
Microglia are resident immune cells in the brain and exert important functions in the regulation of inflammatory processes during infection or cellular damage. Upon activation, microglia undergo complex morphological and functional transitions, including increased motility, phagocytosis and cytokine secretion. Recent findings indicate that exosomes, small vesicles that derive from fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane, are involved in secretion of certain cytokines. The presence of specific receptors on the surface of microglia suggests communication with neurons by neurotransmitters. Here, we demonstrate expression of serotonin receptors, including 5-HT2a,b and 5-HT4 in microglial cells and their functional involvement in the modulation of exosome release by serotonin. Our data demonstrate the involvement of cAMP and Ca(2+) dependent signaling pathways in the regulation of exosome secretion. Co-culture of microglia with embryonic stem cell-derived serotonergic neurons further demonstrated functional signaling between neurons and microglia. Together, these data provide evidence for neurotransmitter-dependent signaling pathways in microglial cells that regulate exosome release.
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90% of serotonin required for the regulation of mood, behavior, sleep, and several other functions within the CNS and GI tract is produced in the gut.
“Studies have demonstrated that 90% of serotonin required for the regulation of mood, behavior, sleep, and several other functions within the CNS and GI tract is produced in the gut.”
From Microbiome–microglia connections via the gut–brain axis (2019) · cites this paper as Glebov et al., 2015
Binding of serotonin to 5-HT receptors on microglia induces release of cytokine-carrying exosomes, providing another mechanism for gut-induced modulation of neuroinflammation.
“Binding of serotonin to 5-HT receptors on microglia induces release of cytokine-carrying exosomes, providing another mechanism for gut-induced modulation of neuroinflammation (Glebov et al., 2015).”
From Microbiome–microglia connections via the gut–brain axis (2019) · cites this paper as Glebov et al., 2015
Binding of serotonin to 5-HT receptors on microglia induces the release of cytokine-carrying exosomes, providing a mechanism for gut-induced modulation of neuroinflammation.
“Binding of serotonin to 5-HT receptors on microglia induces the release of cytokine-carrying exosomes, providing another mechanism for gut-induced modulation of neuroinflammation (88).”
From The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology (2020) · cites this paper as [88]
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- Authors
- Glebov, K., Löchner, M., Jabs, R., Lau, T., Merkel, O., Schloss, P., Steinhäuser, C., & Walter, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Bonn (DE)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Walter, Jochen
- ORCID
- Venue
- Glia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 626-634
- ISSN
- 0894-1491 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-1136
- OpenAlex
- W2118103827
- Cited by
- 221
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 10
- FWCI
- 4.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pearl.plymouth.ac.uk
- Locations
- Glia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PEARL (University of Plymouth) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (WA1477/4, SFB636, KFO177, STE552/3, SFB645)
- European Commission (EuroEpinomics)
- BONFOR (Medical Faculty Universiy Bonn (O-129.0100)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Keywords
- serotonin, exosome secretion, microglia, serotonin receptors, 5-HT2A receptor, 5-HT2B receptor, 5-HT4 receptor, cAMP signaling, calcium signaling, neuron-microglia communication, serotonergic neurons, embryonic stem cell-derived neurons, cytokine production, neuroinflammation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Line, Neurons, Serotonin, Stem Cells, Signal Transduction, Microglia, Coculture Techniques, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B, Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT4, Mice, Exosomes
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