Extracellular vesicles: novel promising delivery systems for therapy of brain diseases.
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane vesicles virtually secreted by all cells, including brain cells. EVs are a major term that includes apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes. The release of EVs has been recognized as an important modulator in cross-talking between neurons, astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes, not only in central nervous system (CNS) physiology but also in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease states as well as in brain tumors, such as glioma. EVs are able to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), spread to body fluids and reach distant tissues. This prominent spreading ability has suggested that EVs can be exploited into several different clinical applications ranging from biomarkers to therapeutic carriers. Exosomes, the well-studied group of EVs, have been emerging as a promising tool for therapeutic delivery strategies due to their intrinsic features, such as the stability, biocompatibility and stealth capacity when circulating in bloodstream, the ability to overcome natural barriers and inherent targeting properties. Over the last years, it became apparent that EVs can be loaded with specific cargoes directly in isolated EVs or by modulation of producer cells. In addition, the engineering of its membrane for targeting purposes is expected to allow generating carriers with unprecedented abilities for delivery in specific organs or tissues. Nevertheless, some challenges remain regarding the loading and targeting of E…
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EVs can deliver miRNAs for treatment of various diseases.
“Several studies have reported and reviewed the potential of EVs in the delivery of miRNAs for the treatment of various diseases (Zhuang et al., 2011; Vader et al., 2016; Rufino-Ramos et al., 2017; Osorio-Querejeta et al., 2018, 2020; Long et al., 2020).”
From Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Loaded With miR-124 Attenuate Cocaine-Mediated Activation of Microglia (2020) · cites this paper as Rufino-Ramos et al., 2017
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- Authors
- Rufino-Ramos, D., Albuquerque, P. R., Carmona, V., Perfeito, R., Nobre, R. J., & Pereira de Almeida, L.
- Venue
- Journal of Controlled Release
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-09
- Volume
- 262
- Pages
- 247-258
- ISSN
- 0168-3659
- Cited by
- 395
- References
- 10
- Language
- en
- Funders
- ERDF
- Foundation for Science and Technology (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000008)
- ViraVector (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022095)
- CortaCAGs (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016719, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440)
- FCT (SFRH/BPD/100130/2014, EXPL/NMC/0331/2012, SFRH/BPD/66705/2009)
- AFM-Telethon (21163)
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research
- National Ataxia Foundation (643417)
- American Portuguese Biomedical Research Fund
- Richard Chin and Lily Lock Machado-Joseph Disease Research Fund
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